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providing food for themselves, have surrounded us, who cut short our discourse, so that they might not be kept long from their work. To them what do I say? That the part of time lent to God does not disappear, but is repaid by Him with great increase. For whatever circumstances cause distraction, these the Lord will send away; giving vigor to the body, readiness to the soul, ease in transactions, and prosperity throughout all of life to those who make spiritual things a priority. And even if in the present our endeavors do not turn out according to our hopes, yet for the age to come the teaching of the Spirit is a good treasure. Take away, therefore, from your heart every care of life, and gather your whole self here to me. For there is no benefit in the presence of the body, if your heart is laboring over earthly treasure. 3.2 And God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water, and let it divide the water from the water." Already yesterday we heard the words of God, "Let there be light." And today, "Let there be a firmament." But the present words seem to have something more, because the word did not remain a mere command, but also specified the reason for which the construction of the firmament is sought. "That it may divide," it says, "between water and water." First, then, let us take up the question and seek, how God speaks. Is it in our manner, that first an impression from things is produced in the mind, then, after it has been imagined, selecting from the subjects the proper and suitable meanings of each, he declares it? Then, having committed the thoughts to the service of the vocal organs, thus through the impression on the air, by the articulate movement of the voice, he makes clear the hidden meaning? And how is it not mythical to say that God has need of such a process for the declaration of his thoughts? Or is it more pious to say, that the divine will and the first impulse of his intellectual movement, this is the Word of God? But Scripture represents him discursively, in order to show that he not only willed creation to come into being, but also for it to be brought into being through a co-worker. For it was possible, as it said at the beginning, to have gone through all things: "In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth;" then, "He made light;" then, "He made the firmament." But now, by introducing God commanding and speaking, it implicitly reveals him to whom he gives command and with whom he speaks, not grudging us the knowledge, but kindling in us a desire, through which it suggests certain traces and manifestations of the ineffable. For what is acquired with labor, is received with great joy and diligently preserved; but of those things for which the acquisition is easy, the possession is contemptible. For this reason, by a certain way and order, it leads us on to the conception of the Only-begotten. And yet, there was not even in this way a need of vocal speech for the incorporeal nature, since the very thoughts could be communicated to the co-worker. So what need is there of speech for those who are able to communicate their counsels to one another from thought itself? For voice is for the sake of hearing, and hearing for the sake of voice. But where there is no air, no tongue, no ear, no winding channel carrying the sounds up to the consciousness in the head, there there is no need of words, but, as one might say, the communication of the will is from the very thoughts in the heart. As I was saying, therefore, so that our mind might be roused to inquire about the person to whom the words are addressed, this form of dialogue has been wisely and skillfully adopted. 3.3 Secondly, it is to be examined, whether this firmament is different from the heaven made in the beginning, which was also called heaven, and if there are two heavens in all; which those who have philosophized about heaven would rather bite off their tongues than accept as true. For they suppose one heaven, and that it does not have the nature for a second, or third, or multiple to be added, since all the substance of the heavenly body was used up in the composition of the one, as

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τροφὴν ἑαυτοῖς συμπορίζοντες, περιεστήκασιν ἡμᾶς, οἳ τὸν λόγον ἡμῖν συντέμνουσιν, ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς ἐργασίας ἀφέλ κωνται. Πρὸς οὓς τί φημι; Ὅτι τὸ δανεισθὲν τῷ Θεῷ τοῦ χρόνου μέρος οὐκ ἀφανίζεται, ἀλλὰ σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀποδίδοται παρ' αὐτοῦ τῇ προσθήκῃ. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσαι περιστάσεις ἀσχολίας ποιητικαὶ, ταύτας ὁ Κύριος παραπέμψει· καὶ σώματι τόνον, καὶ ψυχῇ προθυμίαν, καὶ συναλλαγμάτων εὐμάρειαν, καὶ τὴν εἰς πάντα τὸν βίον εὐοδίαν τοῖς τὰ πνευματικὰ προτιμότερα ποιουμένοις διδούς. Κἂν ἐν τῷ παρόντι δὲ μὴ κατ' ἐλπίδας ἡμῖν ἐκβῇ τὰ σπουδαζόμενα, ἀλλὰ πρός γε τὸν ἐφεξῆς αἰῶνα ἀγαθὸς θησαυρὸς ἡ διδασκαλία τοῦ Πνεύματος. Ἄνελε τοίνυν τῆς καρδίας πᾶσαν τοῦ βίου μέριμναν, καὶ ὅλον μοι σεαυτὸν ἐνταῦθα συνάγαγε. Οὐ γὰρ ὄφελός τι τῆς τοῦ σώματος παρουσίας, τῆς καρδίας σου περὶ τὸν γήϊνον θησαυρὸν πονουμένης. 3.2 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς γενηθήτω στερέωμα ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ὕδατος, καὶ ἔστω διαχωρίζον ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Ἤδη καὶ χθὲς ἠκούσαμεν Θεοῦ ῥημάτων, Γενηθήτω φῶς. Καὶ σήμερον, Γενηθήτω στερέωμα. Πλέον δέ τι ἔχειν δοκεῖ τὰ παρόντα, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέμεινεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ψιλῷ τῷ προσ τάγματι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν καθ' ἣν ἐπιζητεῖται τοῦ στερεώματος ἡ κατασκευὴ προσδιώρισεν. Ἵνα διαχωρίζῃ, φησὶν, ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἀναλαβόντες ζητῶμεν, πῶς ὁ Θεὸς διαλέγεται. Ἆρα τὸν ἡμέτερον τρόπον, πρότερον μὲν ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τύπος ἐγγίνεται τῇ νοήσει, ἔπειτα μετὰ τὸ φαντασθῆναι, ἀπὸ τῶν ὑποκειμένων τὰς οἰκείας καὶ προσφυεῖς ἑκάστου σημασίας ἐκλεγόμενος ἐξαγγέλλει; εἶτα τῇ ὑπηρεσίᾳ τῶν φωνητικῶν ὀργάνων παραδοὺς τὰ νοηθέντα, οὕτω διὰ τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος τυπώσεως, κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθρον τῆς φωνῆς κίνησιν, ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ νόημα σαφηνίζει; Καὶ πῶς οὐ μυθῶδες τῆς τοιαύτης περιόδου λέγειν τὸν Θεὸν χρῄζειν πρὸς τὴν τῶν νοηθέντων δήλωσιν; Ἢ εὐσεβέστερον λέγειν, ὅτι τὸ θεῖον βούλημα καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὁρμὴ τοῦ νοεροῦ κινήματος, τοῦτο Λόγος ἐστὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ; Σχηματίζει δὲ αὐτὸν διεξο δικῶς ἡ Γραφὴ, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι οὐχὶ γενέσθαι μόνον ἐβουλήθη τὴν κτίσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διά τινος συνεργοῦ παραχθῆναι ταύτην εἰς γέννησιν. Ἐδύνατο γὰρ, ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπε, περὶ πάντων ἐπεξελθεῖν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν· εἶτα, Ἐποίησε φῶς· εἶτα, Ἐποίησε τὸ στερέωμα· νῦν δὲ τὸν Θεὸν προστάττοντα καὶ διαλεγόμενον εἰσάγουσα, τὸν ᾧ προστάσσει καὶ ᾧ διαλέγεται κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον ὑποφαίνει, οὐ βασκαίνουσα ἡμῖν τῆς γνώσεως, ἀλλ' ἐκκαίουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὸν πόθον, δι' ὧν ἴχνη τινὰ καὶ ἐμφάσεις ὑποβάλλει τοῦ ἀπορρήτου. Τὸ γὰρ πόνῳ κτηθὲν, περιχαρῶς ὑπεδέχθη καὶ φιλοπόνως διεφυλάχθη· ὧν μέντοι πρόχειρος ὁ πορισμὸς, τούτων ἡ κτῆσις εὐκαταφρόνητος. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁδῷ τινι καὶ τάξει ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν περὶ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἔννοιαν προσβι βάζει. Καίτοιγε τοῦ ἐν φωνῇ λόγου οὐδὲ οὕτως ἦν χρεία τῇ ἀσωμάτῳ φύσει, αὐτῶν τῶν νοηθέντων μεταδίδοσθαι δυναμένων τῷ συνεργοῦντι. Ὥστε τίς χρεία λόγου τοῖς δυναμένοις ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νοήματος κοινωνεῖν ἀλλήλοις τῶν βουλευμάτων; Φωνὴ μὲν γὰρ δι' ἀκοὴν, καὶ ἀκοὴ φωνῆς ἕνεκεν. Ὅπου δὲ οὐκ ἀὴρ, οὐχὶ γλῶσσα, οὐχὶ οὖς, οὐ πόρος σκολιὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ συναίσθησιν ἀναφέρων τοὺς ψόφους, ἐκεῖ οὐδὲ ῥημάτων χρεία, ἀλλ' ἐξ αὐτῶν, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, τῶν ἐν καρδίᾳ νοημάτων τοῦ θελήματος ἡ μετά δοσις. Ὅπερ οὖν ἔφην, ὥστε διαναστῆναι τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν πρὸς τὴν ἔρευναν τοῦ προσώπου πρὸς ὃν οἱ λόγοι, σοφῶς καὶ ἐντέχνως τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο τῆς διαλέκτου παρείληπται. 3.3 ∆εύτερόν ἐστιν ἐξετάσαι, εἰ ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ πεποιημένον οὐρανὸν τὸ στερέωμα τοῦτο, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ ἐπε κλήθη οὐρανὸς, καὶ εἰ ὅλως οὐρανοὶ δύο· ὅπερ οἱ τὰ περὶ οὐρανοῦ φιλοσοφήσαντες ἕλοιντ' ἂν μᾶλλον τὰς γλώσσας προέσθαι, ἢ ὡς ἀληθὲς παραδέξασθαι. Ἕνα γὰρ ὑποτί θενται οὐρανὸν, καὶ οὐκ ἔχειν αὐτῷ φύσιν, δεύτερον, ἢ τρίτον, ἢ πολλοστὸν προσγενέσθαι, πάσης τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ οὐρανίου σώματος εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἑνὸς σύστασιν ἀπαναλωθείσης, ὡς