Caesar's brother-in-law, but he revolted from Roman rule through love for Cleopatra herself and took control of all the land of the Egyptians. Therefore, with a naval fleet of one thousand two hundred ships they clashed with Caesar in war, at the very cape called Actium; and Caesar, having conquered Antony and Cleopatra, founded a city, calling it Nicopolis, because Antony was defeated there. And from the cape called Actium he also named the so-called indictions. For thus writes Hesychius Illustrius: "indiction, that is, in-action, the victory at Actium; for this reason an indiction begins from the first and ends at the 15th; and again it returns and begins from the first, because Antony was co-ruler with Augustus Caesar until the 15th year, but after this Augustus ruled alone". But the metropolis of the theme is the city of Dodona, where the oak that utters the mysteries of the spirits is; which Gregory the Theologian also mentions, saying thus: "or the trifles of the Dodonian oak or the most prophetic drink of Castalia". For there was the spring of Castalia having its name from a certain nymph so called and from a river, which Homer calls Achelous, whose water surpasses in sweetness all the streams of the rivers. And these things concerning Nicopolis. Europe.9 The Ninth Theme, Dyrrachium. Dyrrachium, which was once Epidamnus; under a consular, 9 cities: Scampa, Apollonia, Byllis, Amantia, Pulcheriopolis, Aulon, Listron, Sceupton, Aulinidos a metropolis. Province of Dacia Mediterranea; under a consular, 5 cities: Pautalia, Germane, Naissus, the fatherland of Constantine the Great, Remesiana. Province [of the old] ***; under a consular, 5 cities. Province of Dardania; under a praeses, 3 cities. Province of Pannonia; under the same, 2 cities. And this is the province of New Epirus, that is, of Dyrrachium, formerly called Epidamnus. But it must be said concerning its name whence it is called Dyrrachium. "Dyrrachium an Illyrian [Greek] city and called Epidamnus by Epidamnus the ancient hero; his daughter was Melissa, with whom Poseidon fell in love and from whom came Dyrrachius. There is a place in Epidamnus, Melissonius, where Poseidon united with her", as Philo says. "And after the Rizonicus is the city of Lissus, and Acrolissus and Epidamnus, a foundation of the Corcyraeans, now called Dyrrachium, homonymously with the Chersonese, upon which it is founded", as [Philo] Strabo writes. But Dexippus in the tenth book of the Chronicles, calls it a Macedonian city, writing thus: "and Epidamnus of the Macedonians, later renamed Dyrrachium, being a great and prosperous city of Macedonia, they take by force". Thus far was the division of the empire of the king ruling Byzantium, but the opposite side, which is the Ionian gulf, was subject to the one ruling Rome. For thus did the great emperor Constantine divide to his three sons, Constantine and Constans and Constantius; to the first son Upper Gaul and the lands beyond the Alps as far as the western Ocean and to the city of Cantauris itself; and to Constans the youngest son Rome and Lower Gaul, and the island of Sardo and Sicily itself and opposite Libya and Carthage [and] the metropolis of the Africans and as far as Cyrene itself; and to Constantius the lands from Dyrrachium and Illyricum itself and Greece and the islands beyond, both the Cyclades and the so-called Sporades and as far as the Hellespont, and so-called Asia Minor, and both Syrias and Palestine and Cilicia and Egypt itself. For Libya was subject to the one ruling Rome. And thus indeed the old and [the] first division of the Roman empire. And Dalmatia is a country of Italy; from where sprang the most unholy and most impious emperor of all men, Diocletian, from a certain place called Salonae, in which there is potable and most sweet water beyond all waters, as those who have tasted it say. Europe.10 The Tenth Theme, Sicily. It is an island

Καίσαρος γαμβρός, ἀπέστη δὲ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς δι' ἔρωτα τῆς Κλεοπάτρας αὐτῆς καὶ τῆς Αἰγυπτίων γῆς πάσης ἐκράτησεν. Ναυτικῷ οὖν στόλῳ ἐπὶ ναυσὶ χιλίαις καὶ διακοσίαις συνέβαλον μετὰ Καίσαρος ἐν πολέμῳ, ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἀκρωτηρίῳ τῷ καλουμένῳ Ἀκτίῳ· καὶ νικήσας ὁ Καῖσαρ τὸν Ἀντώνιον καὶ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν ἔκτισε πόλιν, καλέσας αὐτὴν Νικόπολιν, διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖσε ἡττηθῆναι τὸν Ἀντώνιον. Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ ἀκρωτηρίου τοῦ καλουμένου Ἀκτίου καὶ τὰς καλουμένας ἰνδικτιῶνας ἐκάλεσεν. Οὕτω γὰρ γράφει Ἡσύχιος ὁ Ἰλλούστριος· "ἰνδικτιὼν τουτέστιν ἰνακτιὼν ἡ περὶ τὸ Ἄκτιον νίκη· διὰ τοῦτο ἄρχεται μὲν ἰνδικτιὼν ἀπὸ πρώτης καὶ καταλήγει μέχρι τῆς ιεʹ· καὶ πάλιν ὑποστρέφει καὶ ἄρχεται ἀπὸ πρώτης, διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἀντώνιον συνάρχοντα γενέσθαι Αὐγούστῳ τῷ Καίσαρι μέχρι τοῦ ιεʹ χρόνου, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα μόνος ἐκράτησεν Αὔγουστος". Μητρόπολις δὲ τοῦ θέματος πόλις ∆ωδώνη, ἐφ' ἧς ἡ δρῦς ἡ φθεγγομένη τὰ τῶν δαιμόνων μυστήρια· ἧς μνημονεύει καὶ ὁ Θεολόγος Γρηγόριος, λέγων οὕτως· "ἢ ∆ωδωναίας δρυὸς ληρήματα ἢ Κασταλίας μαντικώτατον πόμα". Ἐκεῖσε γὰρ ἦν ἡ πηγὴ Κασταλίας ὄνομα ἔχουσα ἀπὸ νύμφης τινὸς οὕτω καλουμένης καὶ ποταμοῦ, ὃν Ὅμηρος Ἀχελῷον ὀνομάζει, οὗ τὸ ὕδωρ ὑπερβαίνει ἐπὶ γλυκύτητος πάντα τὰ τῶν ποταμῶν νάματα. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν περὶ Νικοπόλεως. ευροπ.9 Ἔνατον θέμα ∆υρράχιον ∆υρράχιον, ἥ ποτε Ἐπίδαμνος· ὑπὸ κονσιλαρίου, πόλεις θʹ· Σκάμπτα, Ἀπολλωνία, Βούλλις, Ἀμαντία, Πουλχεριόπολις, Αὐλών, Λίστρων, Σκεύπτων, Αὐλίνιδος μητρόπολις. Ἐπαρχία ∆ακίας μεσογαίου· ὑπὸ κονσιλαρίου, πόλεις εʹ· Πανταλία, Γερμαή, Ναισός, ἡ πατρὶς τοῦ μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου, Ῥεμεσιάνα. Ἐπαρχία [τῇ παλαιᾷ] ***· ὑπὸ κονσιλαρίου, πόλεις εʹ. Ἐπαρχία ∆αρδανίας· ὑφ' ἡγεμόνα, πόλεις γʹ. Ἐπαρχία Πανονίας· ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτόν, πόλεις βʹ. Καὶ ὧδε μὲν ἐπαρχία τῆς νέας Ἠπείρου, τουτέστι τοῦ ∆υρραχίου, τοῦ πάλαι καλουμένου Ἐπιδάμνου. Ῥητέον δὲ περὶ τῆς ὀνομασίας αὐτοῦ πόθεν καλεῖται ∆υρράχιον. "∆υρράχιον πόλις [Ἑλληνικὴ] Ἰλλυρικὴ καὶ Ἐπίδαμνος κληθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ἐπιδάμνου τοῦ ἀρχαίου ἥρωος· τούτου θυγάτηρ Μέλισσα, ἧς ἠράσθη Ποσειδῶν καὶ ἀφ' ἧς ὁ ∆υρράχιος. Ἔστι τόπος ἐν Ἐπιδάμνῳ Μελισσόνιος, ἔνθα Ποσειδῶν αὐτῇ συνῆλθεν", ὡς Φίλων. "Μετὰ δὲ τὸν Ῥιζόνικον Λισσός ἐστι πόλις, καὶ Ἀκρόλισσος καὶ Ἐπίδαμνος, Κερκυραίων κτίσμα, ἡ νῦν ∆υρράχιον ὁμωνύμως τῇ Χερρονήσῳ λεγομένη, ἐφ' ἧς ἵδρυται", ὡς [Φίλων] Στράβων γράφει. ∆έξιππος δ' ἐν Χρονικῶν δεκάτῳ, Μακεδονικὴν πόλιν αὐτὴν καλεῖ, γράφων οὕτως· "καὶ Μακεδόνων Ἐπίδαμνον, ἐσύστερον ∆υρράχιον μετονομασθεῖσαν, πόλιν τῆς Μακεδονίας μεγάλην καὶ εὐδαίμονα οὖσαν, κατὰ κράτος αἱροῦσιν". Ἕως ὧδε ὁ μερισμὸς τῆς βασιλείας ἐγένετο τοῦ κρατοῦντος βασιλέως τὸ Βυζάντιον, τὰ δὲ ἀντίπερα, ἅπερ Ἰώνιος κόλπος, τῷ βασιλεύοντι τῆς Ῥώμης ὑπήκοα. Οὕτω γὰρ ἐμέρισεν ὁ μέγας βασιλεὺς Κωνσταντῖνος τοῖς τρισὶν υἱέσιν αὑτοῦ, Κωνσταντίνῳ καὶ Κώνσταντι καὶ Κωνσταντίῳ· τῷ μὲν πρώτῳ υἱῷ τὰς ἄνω Γαλλίας καὶ τὰ ἐπέκεινα Ἄλπεων ἕως τοῦ ἑσπερίου Ὠκεανοῦ καὶ ἐς αὐτὴν πόλιν τὴν Κάνταυριν· τῷ δὲ Κώνσταντι τῷ ὑστάτῳ υἱῷ τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ τὰς κάτω Γαλλίας, τήν τε νῆσον Σαρδὼ καὶ αὐτὴν Σικελίαν καὶ τὴν ἀντίπερα Λιβύην Καρχηδόνα τε [καὶ] τὴν τῶν Ἄφρων μητρόπολιν καὶ ἕως Κυρήνης αὐτῆς· τῷ δὲ Κωνσταντίῳ τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆υρραχίου καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ Ἰλλυρικὸν τὴν Ἑλλάδα τε καὶ τὰς ἐπέκεινα νήσους τάς τε Κυκλάδας καὶ τὰς καλουμένας Σποράδας καὶ ἕως Ἑλλησπόντου, τήν τε καλουμένην μικρὰν Ἀσίαν, ἀμφοτέρας τε καὶ Συρίας καὶ Παλαιστίνην καὶ τὴν Κιλικίαν καὶ αὐτὴν Αἴγυπτον. Ἡ γὰρ Λιβύη τῷ τῆς Ῥώμης ὑπέκειτο βασιλεύοντι. Καὶ οὕτως μὲν ὁ παλαιός τε καὶ [ὁ] πρῶτος μερισμὸς τῆς βασιλείας Ῥωμαίων. Ἡ δὲ ∆αλματία τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐστὶχώρα· ἐξ οὗπερ ἐβλάστησεν ὁ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἀνοσιώτατος καὶ ἀσεβέστατος βασιλεὺς ∆ιοκλητιανός, ἀπό τινος χωρίου καλουμένου Σαλῶναι, ἐν ᾧ ἔστιν ὕδωρ πότιμον καὶ γλυκύτατον ὑπὲρ πάντα τὰ ὕδατα, ὥς φασιν οἱ γευσάμενοι. ευροπ.10 ∆έκατον θέμα Σικελία Νῆσός ἐστι