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to be and will be hereafter. (p. 114) And natural wisdom is said to have abounded in Adam, if in any of those after him, although he was the first of all not to keep the "in the image." And the philosophy of the outside world, which in turn aids this, was discovered before the coming of the one who through himself recalled the soul to its ancient beauty. How is it then that we were not renewed through it before Christ, but that they and all of us needed, not the one teaching philosophy, an art that is abolished with this age, which is why it is called "of this age," but him who takes away the sin of the world and provides wisdom that is true and everlasting, even if it is foolishness to the wise who are temporary and perishing, not only seeming so, but also making foolish by its absence those who do not turn their mind to it? Do you see clearly that it is not the learning of outside education that saves and purifies the gnostic faculty of the soul and makes it like the divine archetype?

Therefore I will make a fitting end to the arguments concerning it. If someone returns to the legal observances so as to be perfected by them, Christ will profit him nothing, although those were clearly once legislated by God, but not the undertaking of outside studies; for which reason, and much more so, if someone returns again to the rejected philosophy of the outside world so as to have his soul purified by it, Christ will profit him nothing. The mouth of Christ is Paul, who speaks there and bears witness with us here.

Say these things, brother, to those who exalt outside wisdom more than is necessary. And in addition to these, show them through the chapters written below, how it was considered vain and contemptible by our holy fathers, and especially by those who had experience of it.

SECOND QUESTION (P. 116) You have done well, Father, also the words of the saints concerning what was asked of me

by setting them forth. For hearing you resolve for me the points of perplexity, I marveled at the evidence of the truth, but this came into my mind, that since "every argument wrestles with an argument," as you yourself have said, there might be some counter-argument to what you say. But since I have come to know that the testimony of deeds alone is indisputable, and I have heard the saints saying the same things as you, I no longer fear any such thing. For he who is not persuaded by these, how could he himself be trustworthy? And how would he not reject the God of the saints? For it is His word spoken to the apostles and through them to the saints after them, that "he who rejects you rejects me," which is to say, the truth itself. How then could one who opposes the truth be accepted by those who seek the truth? Therefore I beseech you, father, to listen to me as I go through each of the other things, which I have heard from those men who pursue Greek education throughout their life, and to tell me something of what seems right to you concerning these, and also to add the opinions of the saints about them. For they say that we do wrongly in hastening to enclose our mind within the body; for they say that it should rather be pushed outside the body by every means. For this reason they also strongly slander some of our own, writing against them that they advise beginners to look upon themselves and to send their own mind inward through their breathing, (p. 118) asserting that the mind is not separate from the soul. How then could one send inward again that which is not separate, but inherent? And they say we claim to instill the divine grace through the nostrils. But since I know that they say this slanderously, for I have heard this from none of our own, from this also

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γενέσθαι τε καί μετά θά εἶναι. (σελ. 114) Τῆς δέ φυσικῆς σοφίας καί τῷ Ἀδάμ εἴπερ τινι τῶν μετ᾿ αὐτόν περιεῖναι λέγεται, καίτοι τό κατ᾿ εἰκόνα πρώτῳ πάντων μή φυλάξαντι. Καί ἡ ταύτῃ δ᾿ αὖθις βοηθοῦσα τῶν ἔξω φιλοσοφία πρό τοῦ κατελθεῖν τόν δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ πρός τό ἀρχαῖον κάλλος τήν ψυχήν ἐπανακαλεσάμενον εὕρηται. Πῶς οὖν οὐ πρό Χριστοῦ δι᾿ αὐτῆς ἀνεκαινίσθημεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐδεήθημεν ἐκεῖνοί τε καί πάντες, οὐ τοῦ διδάσκοντος φιλοσοφίαν, τέχνην τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ συγκαταλυομένην, διό καί τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου λέγεται, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ τήν ἁμαρτίαν αἴροντος τοῦ κόσμου καί παρέχοντος σοφίαν ἀληθῆ τε καί διαιωνίζουσαν, εἰ καί μωρία τοῖς προσκαίροις καί ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστί σοφοῖς, οὐ δοκοῦσα μόνον, ἀλλά καί μωραίνουσα τῇ ἑαυτῆς ἀπουσίᾳ τούς μή ταύτῃ προσέχοντας τόν νοῦν; Ὁρᾷς σαφῶς ὡς οὐχ ἡ τῆς ἔξω παιδείας μάθησίς ἐστιν ἡ σώζουσα καί τό τῆς ψυχῆς γνωστικόν καθαίρουσα καί πρός τό θεῖον ἀρχέτυπον ἀφομοιοῦσα;

Τοιγαροῦν τοῖς περί αὐτῆς λόγοις προσῆκον ἐποίσω τέλος. Εἴ τις πρός τάς νομικάς παρατηρήσεις ὡς καταρθησόμενος ἐκ τούτων ἐπιστρέφεται, Χριστός αὐτόν οὐδέν ὠφελήσει, καίτοι παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ ποτε νενομοθέτηνται σαφῶς ἐκεῖναι, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί καί ἡ τῶν ἐξω μαθημάτων ἀνάληψις˙ ᾧ δή καί πολλῷ μᾶλλον, εἴ τις πρός τήν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένην τῶν ἔξω φιλοσοφίαν ὡς ἐξ αὐτῆς τήν ψυχήν καθαρθησόμενος αὖθις ἐπιστρέφει, Χριστός αὐτόν οὐδέν ὠφελήσει. Τό τοῦ Χριστοῦ στόμα Παῦλός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων ἐκεῖ καί ἡμῖν ἐνταυθοῖ συμμαρτυρῶν.

Ταῦτα πρός τούς τήν ἔξω σοφίαν πλέον ἤ δέον ἐξαίροντας, ἀδελφέ, εἰπέ. Καί πρός τούτοις δεῖξον αὐτοῖς διά τῶν ὑπογεγραμμένων κεφαλαίων, πῶς ματαία καί περιφρονητέα τοῖς ἁγίοις ἡμῶν πατράσιν ἐνομίσθη καί μάλιστα τοῖς ἐν πείρᾳ γεγονόσιν αὐτῆς.

ΕΡΩΤΗΣΙΣ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΑ (Σελ. 116) Καλῶς ἐποίησας, Πάτερ, καί τούς τῶν ἁγίων περί τοῦ ζητηθέντος μοι λόγους

προθέμενος. Σοῦ γάρ ἀκούων λύοντός μοι τά διηπορημένα, ἐθεύμαζον μέν τῆς ἀληθείας τό ἐμφανές, ἐκεῖνο δέ μου ὑπεισήει τήν διάνοιαν, ὡς ἐπείπερ «λόγῳ παλαίει πᾶς λόγος», ὡς καί αὐτός εἴρηκας, μή καί τοῖς ὑπό σοῦ λεγομένοις αὖθις εἴη τις ἀντιλογία. Ἐπεί δέ τήν διά τῶν ἔργων μαρτυρίαν μόνην ἔγνων οὖσαν ἀναμφίλεκτον καί τούς ἁγίους τά αὐτά σοι λέγοντας ἀκήκοα, οὐδέν τοιοῦτον ἔτι δέδοικα. Ὁ γάρ τούτοις μή πειθόμενος, πῶς ἄν αὐτός ἀξιόπιστος εἴη; Πῶς δ᾿ οὐκ ἄν ἀθετοίη τόν τῶν ἁγίων Θεόν; Αὐτοῦ γάρ ἐστι λόγος πρός τούς ἀποστόλους καί δι᾿ αὐτῶν πρός τούς μετ᾿ αὐτούς ἁγίους εἰρημένος, ὅτι «ὁ ἀθετῶν ὑμᾶς ἐμέ ἀθετεῖ», ταὐτόν δ᾿ εἰπεῖν, αὐτήν τήν ἀλήθειαν. Πῶς οὖν ἄν ἀποδεχθείη παρά τῶν ζητούντων τήν ἀλήθειαν ὁ ἀντικείμενος τῇ ἀληθείᾳ; ∆ιό παρακαλῶ σε, πάτερ, ἀκοῦσαί μοι καί τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον διεξιόντος, ὧν παρά τῶν διά βίου τήν ἑλληνικήν παιδείαν μετιόντων ἀνδρῶν ἀκήκοα ἐκείνων καί εἰπεῖν μέν μοι καί τι τῶν δοκούντων παρά σεαυτοῦ πρός ταῦτα, προσθεῖναι δέ καί τάς τῶν ἁγίων περί τούτων δόξας. Λέγουσι γάρ ἠμᾶς κακῶς ποιεῖν ἔνδον τοῦ σώματος σπεύδοντας τόν ἡμέτερον ἐμπερικλείειν νοῦν˙ ἔξω γάρ τοῦ σώματός φασι μᾶλλον χρῆναι παντί τρόπῳ τοῦτον ἐξωθεῖν. ∆ιό καί διασύρουσι σφόδρα τινάς τῶν ἡμετέρων, κατ᾿ αὐτῶν γράφοντες, ὡς τοῖς ἀρχαρίοις παραινοῦντας ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτούς βλέπειν καί διά τῆς ἀναπνοῆς εἴσω πέμπειν τόν οἰκεῖον νοῦν, (σελ. 118) φάσκοντες μή κεχωρισμένον εἶναι τῆς ψυχῆς τόν νοῦν. Τόν οὖν μή κεχωρισμένον, ἀλλ᾿ ἐνόντα, πῶς ἄν αὖθις εἴσω πέμποι τις; Φασί δέ καί τήν θείαν χάριν διά τῶν μυκτήρων εἰσοικίζειν λέγειν. Ἀλλ᾿ εἰδώς ἐγώ συκοφαντικῶς τοῦτο λέγοντας αὐτούς, παρ᾿ οὐδενός γάρ τοῦτ᾿ ἤκουσα τῶν ἡμετέρων, ἐκ τούτου καί