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he came, and he mentions Judah and his brothers? βʹ. Some then say it is because of the perverse character of Esau and of the others who came before; but I would not say this. For if this were so, how is it that a little later he mentions such women? For from the opposite here His glory appears; not from His having great ancestors, but from having small and humble ones. For to the lofty one it is a great glory, to have been able to be intensely humbled. For what reason then did he not mention them? Because the Saracens and Ishmaelites and Arabs, and all who have come from those ancestors, had nothing in common with the race of the Israelites. For this reason indeed he was silent about them, but hastens to His own forefathers, and to the people of the Jews. Wherefore he says: And Jacob begot Judas and his brethren. For here the race of the Jews is henceforth characterized. And Judas begot Phares and Zara of Thamar. What are you doing, O man, reminding us of a history involving an unlawful union? And what of that? he says. For if we were recounting the genealogy of a mere man, one might have reasonably been silent about these things; but if of God incarnate, one must not only not be silent, but even make them public, showing His care and His power. For this is why He came, not to flee our reproaches, but to take them away. Just as then 57.34 not because He died, but because He was even crucified, He is the more admired (although the matter is one of reproach, yet the more reproachful, the more philanthropic it shows Him to be); so also may one say concerning His birth: it is not only because He took on flesh, and became man, that we should justly admire Him, but because He also deigned to have such kinsfolk, being nowhere ashamed of our evils. And this He proclaimed from the very beginnings of His birth, that He is ashamed of none of our things, teaching us also by these things, never to be veiled on account of the wickedness of our forefathers, but to seek one thing only, virtue. For such a person, even if he has a foreigner for an ancestor, or one who was a prostitute, or whatever else she may have been, will be able to suffer no harm. For if the fornicator himself, once changed, is in no way shamed by his former life, much more so will the virtuous man born of a prostitute and an adulteress in no way be able to be shamed by the wickedness of his ancestors. But He did this not only to teach us these things, but also to repress the pride of the Jews. For since they, neglecting virtue in the soul, brought up Abraham again and again, thinking to have an excuse in the virtue of their forefathers, He shows from the very beginning that one ought not to boast in these things, but in one's own achievements. After this He also establishes another point, to show that all are liable to sin, even the forefathers themselves. At any rate, their patriarch and namesake appears to have sinned no little; for Thamar stands accusing his fornication; and David also begot Solomon from the woman who had committed fornication. And if the law was not fulfilled by the great ones, much more so by the lesser ones; and if it was not fulfilled, all have sinned, and the presence of Christ became necessary. For this reason also he mentioned the twelve patriarchs, from there again pulling down the pride in the nobility of their ancestors. For many of these were born from slave women; but nevertheless the difference of the parents made no difference for those who were born. For all were equally both patriarchs and heads of tribes. For this is the advantage of the Church; this is the precedence of nobility among us, receiving its type from above. So that whether you are a slave, or a free man, nothing more or less accrues to you from this, but one thing is sought, the judgment and the character of the soul. γʹ. But there is also another thing besides what has been said, for which he also mentioned this history. For Zara is not simply thrown in with Phares. For it was superfluous and redundant, having mentioned Phares, from whom he was about to trace the genealogy of Christ,

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ἦλθε, καὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν τούτου μέμνηται; βʹ. Τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασι, διὰ τὸ δύστροπον τοῦ Ἡσαῦ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν προτέρων· ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο φαίην. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦν, πῶς μικρὸν ὕστερον τοιούτων μέμνηται γυναικῶν; Ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐναντίων ἐνταῦθα ἡ δόξα αὐτοῦ φαίνεται· οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλους ἔχειν προγόνους, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ μικροὺς καὶ εὐτελεῖς. Τῷ γὰρ ὑψηλῷ δόξα πολλὴ, τὸ δυνηθῆναι ταπεινωθῆναι σφοδρῶς. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἐμνημόνευσεν; Ἐπειδὴ κοινὸν οὐδὲν εἶχον πρὸς τὸ τῶν Ἰσραηλιτῶν γένος Σαρακηνοὶ καὶ Ἰσμαηλῖται καὶ Ἄραβες, καὶ ὅσοι γεγόνασιν ἐκ τῶν προγόνων ἐκείνων. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἐκείνους μὲν ἐσίγησεν, ἐπείγεται δὲ πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοῦ προγόνους, καὶ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ἰουδαϊκοῦ. ∆ιό φησιν· Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἰούδαν, καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων λοιπὸν χαρακτηρίζεται γένος. Ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Φαρὲς καὶ τὸν Ζαρὰ ἐκ τῆς Θάμαρ. Τί ποιεῖς, ἄνθρωπε, ἱστορίας ἡμᾶς ἀναμιμνήσκων παράνομον μίξιν ἐχούσης; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; φησίν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀνθρώπου κατελέγομεν γένος ψιλοῦ, εἰκότως ἄν τις ταῦτα ἐσίγησεν· εἰ δὲ Θεοῦ σαρκωθέντος, οὐ μόνον οὐ σιγᾷν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκπομπεύειν αὐτὰ χρὴ, δεικνύντας αὐτοῦ τὴν κηδεμονίαν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦλθεν, οὐχ ἵνα φύγῃ τὰ ὀνείδη τὰ ἡμέτερα, ἀλλ' ἵνα αὐτὰ ἀνέλῃ. Ὥσπερ οὖν 57.34 οὐκ ἐπειδὴ ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐσταυρώθη, μᾶλλον θαυμάζεται (καίτοι ἐπονείδιστον τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλ' ὅσῳ ἐπονείδιστον, τοσούτῳ φιλάνθρωπον αὐτὸν δείκνυσιν)· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γεννήσεως ἔστιν εἰπεῖν· οὐκ ἐπειδὴ σάρκα ἀνέλαβε, καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἐγένετο, θαυμάζειν αὐτὸν δίκαιον μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ τοιούτους συγγενεῖς κατηξίωσεν ἔχειν, οὐδαμοῦ τὰ ἡμέτερα ἐπαισχυνόμενος κακά. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐξ αὐτῶν τῆς γεννήσεως ἐκήρυττε τῶν προοιμίων, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐπαισχύνεται τῶν ἡμετέρων, παιδεύων καὶ ἡμᾶς διὰ τούτων, μηδέποτε ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν προγόνων κακίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἓν μόνον ἐπιζητεῖν, τὴν ἀρετήν. Ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος, κἂν ἀλλόφυλον ἔχῃ πρόγονον, κἂν πεπορνευμένην, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἕτερον οὖσαν, οὐδὲν παραβλαβῆναι δυνήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸν τὸν πόρνον μεταβληθέντα οὐδὲν ὁ πρότερος αἰσχύνει βίος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸν ἐκ πόρνης καὶ μοιχαλίδος ἐνάρετον ὄντα οὐδὲν ἡ τῶν προγόνων κακία καταισχῦναι δυνήσεται. Οὐχ ἡμᾶς δὲ μόνον ταῦτα παιδεύων ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἰουδαίων καταστέλλων τὸ φύσημα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν ἀρετῆς ἀμελοῦντες ἐκεῖνοι, τὸν Ἀβραὰμ ἄνω καὶ κάτω παρέφερον, νομίζοντες ἔχειν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τῶν προγόνων ἀρετήν· δείκνυσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν προοιμίων, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτοις αὐχεῖν δεῖ, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις κατορθώμασι. Μετὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἕτερον κατασκευάζει, τὸ δεῖξαι πάντας ὑπευθύνους ἁμαρτήμασιν ὄντας, καὶ τοὺς προγόνους αὐτούς. Ὁ γοῦν πατριάρχης αὐτῶν καὶ ὁμώνυμος οὐ μικρὸν φαίνεται ἡμαρτηκώς· καὶ γὰρ ἐφέστηκεν ἡ Θάμαρ κατηγοροῦσα αὐτοῦ τὴν πορνείαν· καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πορνευθείσης γυναικὸς τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκτήσατο. Εἰ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν μεγάλων ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἐπληρώθη, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλαττόνων· εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἐπληρώθη, πάντες ἥμαρτον, καὶ ἀναγκαία γέγονεν ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσία. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῶν δώδεκα πατριαρχῶν ἐμνημόνευσε, κἀντεῦθεν πάλιν τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν προγόνων εὐγενείᾳ φύσημα κατασπῶν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ τούτων ἀπὸ δουλίδων ἦσαν τεχθέντες γυναικῶν· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ τῶν γονέων διαφορὰ διαφορὰν τοῖς τεχθεῖσιν οὐκ ἐποίησε. Πάντες γὰρ ὁμοίως ἦσαν καὶ πατριάρχαι καὶ φύλαρχοι. Τοῦτο γὰρ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐστὶ τὸ προτέρημα· αὕτη τῆς παρ' ἡμῖν εὐγενείας ἡ προεδρία, ἄνωθεν τὸν τύπον λαμβάνουσα. Ὥστε κἂν δοῦλος ᾖς, κἂν ἐλεύθερος, οὐδέν σοι πλέον, οὐδὲ ἔλαττον ἐντεῦθεν γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἕν ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον, ἡ γνώμη καὶ ὁ τῆς ψυχῆς τρόπος. γʹ. Ἔστι δέ τι μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ ἕτερον, δι' ὃ καὶ τῆς ἱστορίας ταύτης ἐμνημόνευσεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς προσέῤῥιπται τῷ Φαρὲς ὁ Ζαρά. Καὶ γὰρ παρέλκον ἦν καὶ περισσὸν, τοῦ Φαρὲς μεμνημένον, ἀφ' οὗ τὸν Χριστὸν ἔμελλε γενεαλογεῖν,