16

But if the great Basil says it is not at all inconsistent to exchange "from" for "through", it is in reference to created things, which is why he also brought forward the Apostle who said, "from him and through him and to him are all things", for all beings were created by him and are held together through him and are returned to him, but the holy Damascene in the seventh of his Theological Chapters, setting forth again what we also said above, after certain things in harmony with the Catechetical Oration of the divinely inspired Gregory of Nyssa, says "the Holy Spirit is an essential power, contemplated by itself in its own hypostasis and being a manifestation of him, that is, of the Word, not able to be separated from the God in whom it is and from the Word whom it accompanies", is it not clear from this as well that the Holy Spirit is not also from the Son?

Not so, but since by the theologians sometimes the Father is said to be in the middle of the Son and the Spirit, and sometimes the Son is in the middle of the Father and the Spirit, and sometimes the Spirit is in the middle of the Father and the Son, the Spirit could not be third from the Father, nor would it have its being from the Father through the Son. For with three successive points, neither of the extremes placed on either side could ever be in the middle; but the middle position understood in theology seems to be like the extreme points on the angles of an equilateral triangle; for there each is found in the middle of the others. And if you also take the first number having a middle position and stack it in numbers as on a plane, so (p. 130) you will form the first actual triangular number, and whichever of the units within it you take will be in the middle of the remaining two. If, then, one should suppose the one to be the principle and cause of the two centers, it necessarily relates to each proximately and immediately, and doubtless in the same way also in the case of the units.

What then of those who say that each one of them relates to the other no less than to itself, do they not most clearly represent that they relate to each other immediately?

And what of him who in metrical Verses exhorts both theologically and patristically, that if you should hear of the Son and the Spirit, "as they hold the second place from God the Father, so I bid you to understand the words of deep-bosomed wisdom"; as it ascends to an unoriginate root, it does not divide the Godhead. For if the Spirit were not immediately from the Father, he would not have placed this one second from the Father, just as he did the Son.

And indeed procession, of whomever it might be said, is a certain procession and movement, fitting for the one processing and the one being processed. But the procession of the Spirit is proclaimed as twofold by the divinely inspired Scripture: for it is poured forth from the Father through the Son, and if you wish, also from the Son, upon all the worthy, on whom it also rests and in whom it dwells. This movement and procession, then, and if you wish, also procession—for we will not act unseemly by quibbling about names, since David also says, "O God, when you went forth in the midst of your people, when you passed through the wilderness, the earth shook", here calling procession the pouring out of the Spirit upon all flesh that has believed in Christ, which was formerly a wilderness of grace, just as he calls the shaking of the earth the turning from idolatry to God—this procession of the Spirit from the Father and the Son, then, would not be in every way also through the worthy; and this again with respect to those (p. 132) same ones, in whom the Holy Spirit dwells and rests by grace. For there is a resting in these, but not a movement of the Spirit from them, but rather a cessation of the movement toward them; and even if some have acquired the power to impart it, it is surely in another way.

However, the procession of the Spirit from the Father through the Son, which we mentioned, is also called the good pleasure of the Father and the Son, as being accomplished entirely for the love of mankind, and mission

16

Εἰ δ᾿ ὁ μέγας Βασίλειος οὐδέν εἶναί φησιν ἀπᾷδον εἰς τήν "ἐκ" τήν "διά" μεταλαμβάνειν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπί τῶν κτισμάτων, διό καί τόν ἀπόστολον προήγαγεν εἰπόντα, «ἐξ αὐτοῦ καί δι᾿ αὐτοῦ καί εἰς αὐτόν τά πάντα», παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ γάρ δεδημιούργηνται καί δι᾿ αὐτοῦ συνέχονται καί πρός αὐτόν ἐπιστρέφονται τά ὄντα πάντα, ὁ δέ ἱερός ∆αμασκηνός κἀν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ τῶν Θεολογικῶν αὐτοῦ κεφαλαίων προθείς πάλιν ὅ καί ἀνωτέρω ἔφημεν, μετά τινα συνᾴδων τῷ Κατηχητικῷ λόγῳ τοῦ Νύσσης ἐνθέου Γρηγορίου, «τό ἅγιον Πνεῦμα δύναμιν εἶναί φησιν οὐσιώδη, αὐτήν ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῆς ἐν ἰδιαζούσῃ ὑποστάσει θεωρουμένην καί αὐτοῦ, δηλονότι τοῦ Λόγου, οὖσαν ἐκφαντικήν, οὐ χωρισθῆναι τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ᾧ ἐστι καί τοῦ Λόγου ᾧ συμπαρομαρτεῖ δυναμένην», ἆρ᾿ οὐ σαφές κἀντεῦθεν, ὡς οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον;

Οὐ μήν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί παρά τῶν θεολόγων ποτέ μέν ὁ Πατήρ μέσος εἶναι λέγεται Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος, ποτέ δέ ὁ Υἱός μέσος τοῦ Πατρός τε καί Πνεύματος, ποτέ δέ τό Πνεῦμα μέσον τοῦ Πατρός τε καί Υἱοῦ, οὐκ ἄν εἴη τό Πνεῦμα τρίτον ἀπό τοῦ Πατρός, οὐδ᾿ ἄν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό εἶναι ἔχοι. Τοῖς γάρ ἐφεξῆς τρισί σημείοις, οὐκ ἄν εἴη ποτέ τι τῶν ἑκατέρωθεν κειμένων ἄκρων μέσον˙ ἀλλ᾿ ἔοικεν ἡ ἐπί τῆς θεολογίας μεσότης νοουμένη τοῖς ἐπί τῶν γωνιῶν τοῦ ἰσοπλεύρου τριγώνου σημείοις ἄκροις˙ ἐκεῖ γάρ ἕκαστον μέσον ἑκατέρωθεν εὑρίσκεται. Ἄν δέ καί τόν μεσότητα πρῶτον ἔχοντα ἐν ἀριθμοῖς ἐπισωρεύσας ὡς ἐν ἐπιπέδῳ θῇς, οὕτω (σελ. 130) τόν τε πρῶτον ἐνεργείᾳ τρίγωνον ἀποτελέσεις ἀριθμόν, καί ἥν ἄν λάβοις τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ μονάδων μέση δυσῖν ὑπολοίποιν ἔσται. Εἴ τις οὖν ἀρχήν καί αἴτιον τῶν δύο κέντρων ὑποθοῖτο τό ἕν, προσεχῶς καί ἀμέσως ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐκεῖνο πρός ἑκάτερον ἔχει κἀν ταῖς μονάσι δήπου τόν αὐτόν τρόπον.

Τί δέ, οἱ λέγοντες ὡς ἕν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἔχει πρός τό ἕτερον οὐχ ἧττον ἤ πρός ἑαυτό, ἆρ᾿ οὐκ ἀριδήλως ἀμέσως ἔχειν παριστῶσι πρός ἄλληλα;

Τί δ᾿ ὁ ἐμμέτροις Ἔπεσι θεολογικῶς τε ἅμα καί πατρικῶς ἐγκελευόμενος, ὡς εἴπερ ἀκούσαις περί Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος, «ὥς ρα Θεοῖο τά δεύτερα Πατρός ἔχουσιν, οὕτω νοεῖν κέλομαί σε λόγους σοφίης βαθυκόλπου»˙ ὡς εἰς ρίζαν ἄναρχον ἀνέρχεται, οὐ θεότητα τέμνει. Εἰ γάρ μή ἀμέσως ἦν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός τό Πνεῦμα, οὐκ ἄν δεύτερον καί τοῦτ᾿ ἀπό τοῦ Πατρός ἐτίθει, καθά καί τόν Υἱόν.

Καί μήν ἐκπόρευσις, ἐφ᾿ οὗπερ ἄν λέγοιτο, πρόοδός τις καί κίνησίς ἐστι, κατάλληλος τῷ τε ἐκπορεύοντι καί τῷ ἐκπορευομένῳ. Ἡ δέ τοῦ Πνεύματος πρόοδος διττή διά τῆς θεοπνεύστου κηρύσσεται Γραφῆς˙ προχεῖται γάρ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ, εἰ δέ βούλει καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἐπί πάντας τούς ἀξίους, οἷς καί ἐπαναπαύεται καί ἐνοικεῖ. Αὕτη οὖν ἡ κίνησίς τε καί πρόοδος, εἰ δέ βούλει καί ἐκπόρευσις - οὐδέ γάρ περί τῶν ὀνομάτων ζυγομαχοῦντες ἀσχημονήσομεν, ἐπεί καί ὁ ∆αβίδ λέγει, «ὁ Θεός ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαί σε ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ λαοῦ σου, ἐν τῷ διαβαίνειν σε ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, γῆ ἐσείσθη», ἐκπόρευσιν ἐνταῦθα λέγων τήν τοῦ Πνεύματος ἔκχυσιν ἐπί πᾶσαν σάρκα τήν εἰς Χριστόν πιστεύσασαν, ἥτις ἔρημος ἦν πρότερον τῆς χάριτος, ὥσπερ καί σεισμόν τῆς γῆς τήν ἐξ εἰδωλολατρίας πρός Θεόν μετάθεσιν - αὕτη οὖν ἡ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός καί τοῦ Υἱοῦ πρόοδος τοῦ Πνεύματος οὐκ ἄν εἴη πάντως καί διά τῶν ἀξίων˙ καί ταῦτα πρός τούς (σελ. 132) αὐτούς πάλιν, ἐν οἷς οἰκεῖ τε καί ἀναπαύεται χάριτι τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον. Ἀνάπαυσις γάρ ἐστιν ἐν τούτοις, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐξ αὐτῶν κίνησις τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀλλά μᾶλλον τῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς κινήσεως παῦλα˙ κἄν τινες μεταδιδόναι δύναμιν ἐκτήσαντο, ἀλλ᾿ ἑτέρῳ πάντως τρόπῳ.

Ἡ μέντοι ἐκ Πατρός δι᾿ Υἱοῦ, ἥν ἔφημεν, πρόοδος τοῦ Πνεύματος καλεῖται καί εὐδοκία Πατρός τε καί Υἱοῦ, ὡς διά φιλανθρωπίαν πάντως τελεσθεῖσα, καί ἀποστολή