They thought, since the creator was imperfect and not good, that the savior had come announcing a more perfect God, whom they say is not the creator, having different opinions about this; and once having departed from the creator, who is the only unbegotten God, they have given themselves over to fabrications, creating myths for themselves as hypotheses, according to which they think the things that are seen have come to be, and certain other things not seen, which their soul has fashioned into idols. But indeed, even the more simple-minded of those who boast of being from the church have supposed no one to be greater than the creator, doing this soundly; but they assume such things about him, as one would not even assume about the most cruel and unjust man. 4.2.2 But the cause for all the aforementioned false opinions and impieties, or unlearned discourses concerning God, seems to be no other than the scripture not being understood according to its spiritual meaning, but as being taken according to the bare letter. Therefore, to those who are persuaded that the sacred books are not the writings of men, but that by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, by the will of the Father of all, through Jesus Christ, these were written down and have come to us, the apparent ways must be shown, holding to the rule of Jesus Christ according to the succession of the apostles of the heavenly church. And that indeed there are certain mystical economies, made known through the divine scriptures, all, even the most simple-minded of those who approach the Word, have believed; but what these are, the sensible and humble confess not to know. If, for example, someone were to be perplexed about Lot's incest with his daughters, and about the two wives of Abraham, and the two sisters married to Jacob, and the two handmaids who bore children by him, they will say nothing other than that these are mysteries not understood by us. But also when the construction of the tabernacle is read, being persuaded that what is written are types, they seek to what they will be able to apply each of the things said concerning the tabernacle; not erring, inasmuch as they are persuaded that the tabernacle is a type of something, but inasmuch as they apply the account to this particular thing, worthily of the scripture, of which the tabernacle is a type, they sometimes fail; and every narrative which is thought to relate concerning marriages or begettings of children or wars or whatever histories that would be accepted by the many, they declare to be types; but in [saying] of what, partly on account of a disposition not at all well-trained, partly on account of rashness, at times even if someone happens to be well-trained and not rash, because of the exceedingly most difficult discovery of these things for humans, the account concerning each of these things is not at all made clear. 4.2.3 And what need is there to speak about the prophecies, which we all know to be filled with "enigmas" and "dark sayings"? And even if we should come to the gospels, the precise meaning of those also, since it is the mind of Christ, requires the grace that was given to the one who said: "But we have the mind of Christ, that we may know the things that have been freely given to us by God; which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit." And the things revealed to John, who upon reading would not be amazed at the concealment of the ineffable mysteries which are made manifest even to one who does not understand what is written? And the epistles of the apostles, to whom of those who know how to examine words would they seem to be clear and easily understood, since there so many thousands, as through an opening, of the greatest and most numerous thoughts provide a small starting-point? Therefore, since these things are so and so many thousands are mistaken, it is not without danger in reading to declare readily that one understands the things requiring "the key of knowledge," which the savior says is with "the lawyers"; and let them declare, those who are not willing for the truth to be among those before the coming of Christ, how "the key of knowledge" is said by our Lord Jesus Christ to be with them, who, as they themselves say, do not have books containing the secrets of knowledge and the complete mysteries. For the text has it thus: "Woe to you lawyers, for you have taken away the key of knowledge; you yourselves
ᾠήθησαν, ὡς ἀτελοῦς καὶ οὐκ ἀγαθοῦ τυγχάνοντος τοῦ δημιουργοῦ, τὸν σωτῆρα ἐπιδεδημηκέναι τελειότερον καταγγέλλοντα θεόν, ὅν φασι μὴ τὸν δημιουργὸν τυγχά νειν, διαφόρως περὶ τούτου κινούμενοι· καὶ ἅπαξ ἀποστάντες τοῦ δημιουργοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν ἀγέννητος μόνος θεός, ἀναπλασμοῖς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπιδεδώκασι, μυθοποιοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ὑποθέσεις, καθ' ἃς οἴονται γε γονέναι τὰ βλεπόμενα, καὶ ἕτερά τινα μὴ βλεπόμενα, ἅπερ ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν ἀνειδωλοποίησεν. Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ οἱ ἀκεραιότεροι τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας αὐχούντων τυγχάνειν τοῦ μὲν δημιουργοῦ μείζονα οὐδένα ὑπειλήφασιν, ὑγιῶς τοῦτο ποιοῦντες· τοιαῦτα δὲ ὑπολαμβάνουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὁποῖα οὐδὲ περὶ τοῦ ὠμοτάτου καὶ ἀδικωτάτου ἀνθρώπου. 4.2.2 Αἰτία δὲ πᾶσι τοῖς προειρημένοις ψευδοδοξιῶν καὶ ἀσεβειῶν ἢ ἰδιωτικῶν περὶ θεοῦ λόγων οὐκ ἄλλη τις εἶναι δοκεῖ ἢ ἡ γραφὴ κατὰ τὰ πνευματικὰ μὴ νενοημένη, ἀλλ' ὡς πρὸς τὸ ψιλὸν γράμμα ἐξειλημμένη. διόπερ τοῖς πειθομένοις μὴ ἀνθρώπων εἶναι συγγράμ ματα τὰς ἱερὰς βίβλους, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἐπιπνοίας τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος βουλήματι τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν ὅλων διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ταύτας ἀναγε γράφθαι καὶ εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐληλυθέναι, τὰς φαινομένας ὁδοὺς ὑποδεικτέον, ἐχομένοις τοῦ κανόνος τῆς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ κατὰ διαδοχὴν τῶν ἀπο στόλων οὐρανίου ἐκκλησίας. Καὶ ὅτι μὲν οἰκονομίαι τινές εἰσι μυστικαί, δηλούμεναι διὰ τῶν θείων γραφῶν, πάντες καὶ οἱ ἀκεραιότατοι τῶν τῷ λόγῳ προσιόντων πεπιστεύκασι· τίνες δὲ αὗται, οἱ εὐγνώμονες καὶ ἄτυφοι ὁμολογοῦσι μὴ εἰδέναι. εἰ γοῦν ἐπαπορήσαι τις περὶ τῆς τοῦ Λὼτ θυγατρομιξίας καὶ τῶν δύο γυναικῶν τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ δύο τε ἀδελφῶν γεγαμημένων τῷ Ἰακὼβ καὶ δύο παιδισκῶν τετεκνωκυιῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲν ἄλλο φή σουσιν ἢ μυστήρια ταῦτα τυγχάνειν ὑφ' ἡμῶν μὴ νοούμενα. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὰν ἡ κατασκευὴ τῆς σκηνῆς ἀναγινώσκηται, πειθόμενοι τύπους εἶναι τὰ γεγραμμένα ζητοῦσιν ᾧ δυνήσονται ἐφαρμόσαι ἕκαστον τῶν κατὰ τὴν σκηνὴν λεγομένων· ὅσον μὲν ἐπὶ τῷ πείθεσθαι ὅτι τύπος τινός ἐστιν ἡ σκηνὴ οὐ διαμαρτάνοντες, ὅσον δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ τῷδέ τινι ἀξίως τῆς γραφῆς ἐφαρμόζειν τὸν λόγον, οὗ ἐστι τύπος ἡ σκηνή, ἔσθ' ὅτε ἀποπίπτοντες· καὶ πᾶσαν δὲ διήγησιν νομιζομένην περὶ γάμων ἀπαγγέλλειν ἢ παιδοποιϊῶν ἢ πολέμων ἢ ὧν δήποτε ἱστοριῶν ἂν παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς δεχθησομένων, ἀποφαίνονται εἶναι τύπους· ἐν δὲ τῷ τίνων, πῇ μὲν διὰ τὴν ἕξιν οὐ πάνυ συγκεκροτημένην, πῇ δὲ διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν, ἔσθ' ὅτε κἂν συγκεκροτημένος τις τυγχάνῃ καὶ ἀπρόπτωτος, διὰ τὴν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν χαλεπωτάτην εὕρεσιν τῶν πραγμάτων τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, οὐ πάνυ σαφηνίζεται ὁ περὶ τούτων ἑκάστου λόγος. 4.2.3 Καὶ τί δεῖ λέγειν περὶ τῶν προφητειῶν, ἃς πάντες ἴσμεν «αἰνιγμάτων» καὶ «σκοτεινῶν» πεπληρῶσθαι «λόγων»; κἂν ἐπὶ τὰ εὐαγγέλια δὲ φθάσωμεν, κἀκείνων ὁ ἀκριβὴς νοῦς, ἅτε νοῦς ὢν Χριστοῦ, δεῖται χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης τῷ εἰρηκότι· «ἡμεῖς δὲ νοῦν Χριστοῦ ἔχομεν, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν· ἃ καὶ λαλοῦμεν, οὐκ ἐν διδακτοῖς ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας λόγοις, ἀλλ' ἐν διδακτοῖς πνεύματος». καὶ τὰ ἀποκεκαλυμμένα δὲ τῷ Ἰωάννῃ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἀναγνοὺς κατα πλαγείη τὴν ἐπίκρυψιν τῶν ἀπορρήτων μυστηρίων καὶ τῷ μὴ νοοῦντι τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐμφαινομένων; αἱ δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐπιστολαὶ τίνι τῶν βασανίζειν ἐπισταμένων λόγους δόξαιεν ἂν εἶναι σαφεῖς καὶ εὐ χερῶς νοούμεναι, μυρίων ὅσων κἀκεῖ ὡς δι' ὀπῆς μεγίστων καὶ πλεί στων νοημάτων βραχεῖαν ἀφορμὴν παρεχόντων; ∆ιόπερ τούτων οὕτως ἐχόντων καὶ μυρίων ὅσων σφαλλομένων, οὐκ ἀκίνδυνον ἐν τῷ ἀναγινώσκειν εὐχερῶς ἀποφαίνεσθαι νοεῖν τὰ δεόμενα «τῆς κλειδὸς τῆς γνώσεως», ἥντινα ὁ σωτήρ φησιν εἶναι παρὰ «τοῖς νομικοῖς»· καὶ ἀπαγγελλέτωσαν οἱ μὴ βουλόμενοι παρὰ τοῖς πρὸ τῆς ἐπιδημίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν ἀλήθειαν τυγχάνειν, πῶς «ἡ τῆς γνώσεως κλεὶς» ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγεται παρ' ἐκείνοις τυγχάνειν, τοῖς, ὥς φασιν αὐτοί, μὴ ἔχουσι βίβλους περιεχούσας τὰ ἀπόρρητα τῆς γνώσεως καὶ παντελῆ μυστήρια. ἔχει γὰρ οὕτως ἡ λέξις· «οὐαὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς νομικοῖς, ὅτι ἤρατε τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς γνώσεως· αὐτοὶ