De thematibus A treatise by Emperor Constantine, son of Leo, concerning the themes belonging to the empire of the Romans. From where they got their na

 facing the sea and bordering Caria is called Lycia. Now, whatever parts are inland and neighboring the Taurus and extending as far as the borders of C

 of military affairs. And these things thus far. Let this then be the end of the Theme of the Anatolics. The so-called tourmarchs were assigned to the

 bordering on the Lycaonians and the Taurus, Cappadocia Minor now, as we said, being called by the name of a theme. It was ruled by kings until Augustu

 he marveled greatly and asked whence and who and of what city she was. And she answered that she was Mysian by race from *** this is a small town of

 fellowship with the themes for it has been taken on only for servitude, because it is most wretched and honored neither with tourmai nor with droungo

 by the river they dwelt in famous homes, Cromna and Aegialus and high Erythini. Therefore he says that the race of mules first sprang from there, show

 of the times of my blessed and holy father. For previously it was desolate and uninhabited, both that place and Tzamandos and the adjacent parts of th

 renowned, I mean Alexander the son of Philip, who fought the war against Darius the Persian. And near these is also established Tarsus, the fatherland

 the name, as we said, of being called Kibyrrhaiote from Kibyra, a humble and insignificant little city, for insult not for praise, because they often

 but now there is a need of Greek history, because it is filled with falsehood. But Strabo the geographer has given its name otherwise: for from the p

 23. But when the dragnet was loosened, as we have said, and the barbarians sacked the cities, the dominion of Thrace was divided into small parts for

 the bronze statue in the Hippodrome has molded his size and his whole character who was the son of Alcmene and Amphitryon, as the Hellenes lie in the

 the rest. And he numbers with these also the island of Euboea, which some name Chalcis or Chalkida and it has with it also the so-called Cyclades isl

 Caesar's brother-in-law, but he revolted from Roman rule through love for Cleopatra herself and took control of all the land of the Egyptians. Therefo

 Sicily is very great and most illustrious. But formerly it was not under the rule of the emperor of Constantinople, when Rome was ruled but now this

 reddened for a long time with barbarian blood. Therefore the Franks were subdued at that time, having also Lombards mixed among them and from then un

 they add a mythical story that while Philip the Macedonian was besieging Byzantium ***

reddened for a long time with barbarian blood. Therefore the Franks were subdued at that time, having also Lombards mixed among them; and from then until today the so-called Lagobardia is reckoned in the order of a theme. In the reign of Michael, son of Theophilos, a fleet of 30 komparii came up from Africa, having as leaders Soldanos and Sabas and Kalphous. And they conquered various cities of Dalmatia, both Boutoba and Rosa and lower Dekatera. And they also came to their metropolis, which is called Raousion, and besieged it for a considerable time. The people of the castle of Raousion sent to the emperor asking for help by means of a fleet; and when those who were sent for this purpose went up, they found that by God’s will Basil, the emperor of blessed memory, had already received the imperial power, who, having heard of their embassy and supplication, immediately sent out an adequate fleet and an energetic commander to their aid. But the Africans, having learned this from a deserter and having failed in the siege, or rather having been frightened by the arrival of the imperial fleet against them, crossed over to Lagobardia and, after besieging the castle of Bari, dwelt in it, having taken all the castles and the whole of Longibardia and the remaining castles of Calabria as far as Rome, so that all the castles sacked by them were 150. Therefore Basil, the emperor of blessed memory, having received the imperial power from God, as has been said before, and having learned these things, sent ahead a cavalry force and 100 ships, and he wrote to Lodoukhos the king of Francia and to the Pope of Rome to assist his army. They, yielding to the imperial request and both uniting with the cavalry and naval force sent by the emperor, waged war against the Saracens from Africa and sacked the castle of Bari, taking captive also the amir Soldanos; whom Lodoukhos the king of Francia took along with the Saracens and went home. But the emperor took possession of all Longibardia, as it is ruled today by the Roman emperors. europ.12 Twelfth theme of Cherson In ancient times, Cherson was not named a theme, nor did it have the form of a metropolis; but those who ruled the Bosporus ruled also Cherson itself and the other climates, so that it is said that those who lived in the Bosporus also reigned. The history is as follows: Bosporus is a city of Pontus on the Cimmerian gulf and a strait of the same name, called after Io, the daughter of Inachus, as Aeschylus writes in his Prometheus: And for mortals there will always be a great tale of your journey, and it will be called Bosporus, named after you. And Strabo in the eleventh of his Geographies writes the following: "All the subjects of the rulers of the Bosporus are called Bosporians, and the metropolis of the Europeans is Panticapaeum, and of the Asians Phanagoreion". And Phlegon testifies in the fifteenth of the Olympiads that "the Bosporus was ruled by Cotys, the Bosporian king, whom Caesar also commanded to wear a diadem and subjected the cities to him, among which he counts Cherson itself". There are two places called Bosporoi: one is the so-called Cimmerian near Cherson, in which was also the kingdom of the Bosporians, and the other is in Byzantium, as Phavorinos writes: "The harbor of the Byzantines is called Bosporion". And the epigram on the column of Chrysopolis on the opposite land, on which a marble heifer is set up, testifies, saying thus: I am not the type of the Inachian cow, nor from me is the facing Bosporion sea named. For her the heavy wrath of Hera drove before to Pharos, but I am a Cecropian corpse. I was the wife of Chares; and I sailed when he sailed hither, an adversary of the Philippian ships; And I am still called Boidion as then; but now as the wife of Chares I delight in both continents. And that Chares was a general of the Athenians. But the locals call it Phosphorion, altering the letters, whence those who have written the histories of Byzantium another

αἵματι βαρβαρικῷ δηρὸν ἐρευθόμενον. Ὑπετάγησαν οὖν οἱ Φράγγοι τῷ τότε χρόνῳ ἔχοντες καὶ Λαγοβάρδους συμμίκτους· καὶ ἔκτοτε μέχρι τῆς σήμερον χρηματίζει εἰς τάξιν θέματος ἡ καλουμένη Λαγοβαρδία. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς βασιλείας Μιχαὴλ τοῦ υἱοῦ Θεοφίλου ἀνῆλθεν ἀπὸ Ἀφρικῆς στόλος λʹ κομπαρίων, ἔχων κεφαλὴν τόν τε Σολδανὸν καὶ τὸν Σάβαν καὶ τὸν Καλφοῦς. Καὶ ἐχειρώσαντο διαφόρους πόλεις τῆς ∆αλματίας καὶ τήν τε Βούτοβαν καὶ τὴν Ῥῶσαν καὶ τὰ κάτω ∆εκάτερα. Ἦλθον δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τούτων μητρόπολιν, ἣ Ῥαούσιον λέγεται, καὶ ταύτην ἐπὶ χρόνον ἐπολιόρκουν ἱκανόν. Οἱ δὲ τοῦ κάστρου Ῥαουσίου ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ἐξαιτούμενοι διὰ στόλου βοήθειαν· τῶν δὲ εἰς τοῦτο ἀποσταλέντων ἀνελθόντων, εὗρον ὑπὸ Θεοῦ τὴν αὐτοκρατορικὴν ἀρχὴν Βασίλειον τὸν ἀοίδιμον βασιλέα ἤδη λαβόντα, ὃς καὶ τὰ τῆς αὐτῶν πρεσβείας καὶ δεήσεως ἐπακούσας καὶ στόλον ἱκανὸν καὶ δραστήριον ἄρχοντα πρὸς τὴν τούτων βοήθειαν εὐθὺς ἐξαπέστειλε. Τοῦτο δὲ διὰ αὐτομόλου μαθόντες οἱ Ἄφροι καὶ περὶ τὴν πολιορκίαν ἀπρακτήσαντες, μᾶλλον δὲ πτήξαντες τὴν τοῦ βασιλικοῦ στόλου κατ' αὐτῶν παρουσίαν, ἀνεπέρασαν ἐν Λαγοβαρδίᾳ καὶ πολιορκήσαντες τὸ κάστρον Βάρης ᾤκησαν ἐν αὐτῷ, παραλαβόντες πάντα τὰ κάστρα καὶ τὴν πᾶσαν Λογγιβαρδίαν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ κάστρα Καλαβρίας μέχρι Ῥώμης, ὡς εἶναι πάντα τὰ ὑπ' αὐτῶν πορθηθέντα κάστρα ρνʹ. Βασίλειος οὖν ὁ ἀοίδιμος βασιλεὺς τὴν αὐτοκρατορικὴν ἀρχὴν παρὰ Θεοῦ εἰληφώς, καθὰ προείρηται, καὶ ταῦτα ἀναμαθών, προαπέστειλε μὲν στρατὸν καβαλλαρικὸν καὶ πλοῖα ρʹ, ἔγραψε δὲ πρὸς Λοδοῦχον τὸν ῥῆγα Φραγγίας καὶ τὸν Πάπα Ῥώμης τοῦ συνεπαμῦναι τῷ ἑαυτοῦ στρατῷ. Οἱ δὲ ὑπείξαντες τῇ βασιλικῇ ἐντεύξει καὶ ἀμφότεροι ἑνωθέντες τῷ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀποσταλέντι στρατῷ καβαλλαρικῷ καὶ πλωΐμῳ, κατεπολέμησαν τοὺς ἀπὸ Ἀφρικῆς Σαρακηνοὺς καὶ ἐπόρθησαν τὸ κάστρον Βάρης, δέσμιον λαβόντες καὶ τὸν ἀμηρᾶν Σολδανόν· ὃν καὶ ἀναλαβόμενος μετὰ τῶν Σαρακηνῶν Λοδοῦχος ὁ ῥὴξ Φραγγίας οἴκαδε ἀπῄει. Ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς κατέσχε τὴν πᾶσαν Λογγιβαρδίαν, καθὼς καὶ σήμερον παρὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλέων δεσπόζεται. ευροπ.12 ∆ωδέκατον θέμα Χερσῶνοσ Ἡ δὲ Χερσὼν τὸ παλαιὸν οὐκ ἦν εἰς ὄνομα θέματος, οὐδὲ ἐν μητροπόλεως σχήματι· ἀλλ' οἱ τοῦ Βοσπόρου κρατοῦντες ἐκράτουν καὶ Χερσῶνος αὐτῆς καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν κλιμάτων, ὥστε καὶ βασιλεύειν τοὺς ἐν τῷ Βοσπόρῳ κατοικοῦντας λέγεται. Ἔχει δὲ ἡ ἱστορία οὕτως· Βόσπορος πόλις Πόντου κατὰ τὸν Κιμμέριον κόλπον καὶ πορθμὸς ὁμώνυμος ἀπὸ Ἰοῦς τῆς Ἰνάχου καλούμενος, καθὼς Αἰσχύλος ἐν τῷ Προμηθεῖ γράφει· Ἔσται δὲ θνητοῖς εἰσαεὶ λόγος μέγας τῆς σῆς πορείας Βόσπορος δ' ἐπώνυμος κεκλῄσεται. Στράβων δὲ ἐν ἐνδεκάτῳ τῶν Γεωγραφικῶν τάδε γράφει· "τοῖς δὲ τοῦ Βοσπόρου δυνάσταις ὑπήκοοι Βοσποριανοὶ πάντες καλοῦνται, καὶ ἔστι τῶν μὲν Εὐρωπαίων μητρόπολις τὸ Παντικάπαιον, τῶν δὲ Ἀσιανῶν τὸ Φαναγόρειον". Μαρτυρεῖ καὶ Φλέγων ἐν Ὀλυμπιάδων πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ὅτι "ἐβασιλεύετο ὁ Βόσπορος Κότυϊ τῷ Βοσποριανῷ βασιλεῖ, ᾧ καὶ διάδημα ἐκέλευσε φορεῖν ὁ Καῖσαρ καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῷ καθυπέταξεν, ἐν αἷς συναριθμεῖ καὶ αὐτὴν Χερσῶνα". ∆ύο δέ εἰσι τόποι Βόσποροι καλούμενοι· εἷς μὲν ὁ Κιμμέριος καλούμενος πλησίον Χερσῶνος, ἐν ᾧ καὶ τὸ βασίλειον τῶν Βοσποριανῶν ἦν, ἕτερος δὲ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ, καθὰ Φαβωρῖνος γράφει· "Βυζαντίων λιμὴν Βοσπόριον καλεῖται". Μαρτυρεῖ δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τοῦ κίονος τῆς ἀντίπεραν γῆς Χρυσοπόλεως, ἐν ᾧ μαρμαρίνη δάμαλις ἵδρυται, φάσκον οὕτως· Ἰναχίης οὐκ εἰμὶ βοὸς τύπος, οὐδ' ἀπ' ἐμεῖο κλῄζεται ἀντωπὸν Βοσπόριον πέλαγος. Κείνην γὰρ τὸ πάροιθε βαρὺς χόλος ἤλασεν Ἥρης ἐς Φάρον, ἥδε δ' ἐγὼ Κεκροπίς εἰμι νέκυς. Εὐνέτις ἦν δὲ Χάρητος· ἔπλων δ' ὅτε πλῶεν ἐκεῖνος τῇδε Φιλιππείων ἀντίπαλος σκαφέων· Βοιίδιον δὲ καλεῦμαι ἔθ' ὡς τότε· νῦν δὲ Χάρητος εὐνέτις ἠπείροις τέρπομαι ἀμφοτέραις. Ὁ δὲ Χάρης ἐκεῖνος ἦν στρατηγὸς Ἀθηναίων. Οἱ δὲ ἐγχώριοι Φωσφόριον αὐτὸ καλοῦσι παραγραμματίζοντες, ὅθεν οἱ τὰ πάτρια συγγεγραφότες τοῦ Βυζαντίου ἄλλην