the passive perfect is ispsyllabic with the active, with the rule stating that every passive or middle having an M is declined, having one syllable more than its own active, it is supposed to have the penultimate syllable of the first person plural of its own active, and at the same time also the penultimate syllable of the genitive of the participles; therefore by the logic of the penultimate of the first person plural it ought to be we have willed, but by the logic of the penultimate of the genitive of the active, we have willed; therefore the doubtful syllable was syncopated, and the passive perfect became ispsyllabic with the proparoxytone active. Neuters ending in A of more than two syllables are paroxytone, for example enigma, poultice, trench; thus therefore also will. OF HIM of what part of speech is it? Of a primary pronoun. And what is a pronoun? A word used in place of a noun, indicating specific persons. And in place of what is it used? In place of a proper name and in place of a common 35 noun. How in place of a proper name, and how in place of a common noun? In place of a proper name, as instead of saying George, I say I; and in place of a common noun, as instead of saying man, I say I. Whence pronoun? From the preposition 'instead of' and the word 'noun'. The great OMEGA why? Words compounded from the word 'noun' are written with the great OMEGA, for example homonymous, eponymous, synonymous, and if there is anything similar. How many attributes does the pronoun have? 6: persons, genders, numbers, cases, forms, types. Into how many are pronouns divided? Into 2: into primary, and into derivative. And the derivatives into how many are they divided? Into two: into single-person and into possessive. How many primary pronouns? 9: I, you, he/she/it, we two, you two, they two, we, you, they. I of what person? First. Of what gender? It has none. Why? The genders of the primary pronouns are not heard through the sound, but through what is indicated by them, for example I. The E psilon, why? Before Gamma the diphthong AI is rarely found, except for Aigyptos, aigialos, aigilips, (the high rock), and if there is anything from it. Regarding the E psilon, why? The E in a pronoun before a consonant is unaspirated, I, to me, that one, except for hence. And why except for hence? Because every pronoun formed by the loss of a Sigma is aspirated, your who, of you of whom, from you from whence. Why is I oxytone? The primary singular pronouns are oxytone, the genitive nouns and the dative of the third person being excepted. I and it leads (the genitive?) of me. The rule? It has none. Why? Primary pronouns do not have rules. And why do they not have them? Because each of them is a root, and one is not governed by another. And why is one not governed by another? Because the declension of nouns and verbs proceeds according to a vowel sequence, and one is governed by another, but the primary pronouns make their declension by meaning alone, not however in accord with a sound sequence, for which reason we also call them thematic. The dative 'to me' why is it oxytone? It must be known 36 that the pronouns 'to me' and 'to you' and 'to them' being datives are oxytone, but 'to whom' is circumflex, and this one ought to be circumflex as a dative; but the pronouns 'to me' and 'to you' and 'to them' have been noted as being oxytone. Why are the persons in verbs inflected at the end, but in pronouns at the beginning? Because the pronoun having undertaken two types of declension, the one according to case, at the end; for it could not have the two upon itself, lest it fall into kinship, but just as the verb assigned the beginning to the tenses, and the end to the persons, so also this, falling into two, assigned the beginning to the persons, and the end to the declension, and it is more related to its noun. He/She/It does not have a vocative. Why? For no one calls himself. I and the second you, the third he/she/it; and it (he/she/it) does not have a vocative, why? For no one calls one who is absent. How many nominatives of the pronouns? 42: I, you, he/she/it, the genitive of me, of you, of him/her/it; from of me comes my (masc.), my (fem.), my (neut.); from of you, your (masc.), your (fem.), the

ἰσοσυλλαβεῖ ὁ παθητικὸς παρακείμενος τῷ ἐνεργητικῷ, τοῦ κανόνος λέγοντος, ο῾´τι πᾶν παθητικὸν η᾿` μέσον ε᾿´χον τὸ Μ κλίνεται, μιᾷ συλλαβῇ περιττεῦον τοῦ ἰδίου ε᾿νεργητικοῦ, θέλει ε᾿´χειν τὴν παραλήγουσαν τοῦ πρώτου προσώπου τῶν πληθυντικῶν τοῦ ἰδίου ε᾿νεργητικοῦ, α῾´μα δὲ καὶ τὴν παραλή γουσαν τῆς γενικῆς τῶν μετοχῶν· τῷ λόγῳ ου᾿῀ν τῆς παραλη γούσης τοῦ πρώτου προσώπου τῶν πληθυντικῶν ω᾿´φειλεν ει᾿῀ναι τεθελήκαμεν, τῷ δὲ λόγῳ τῆς παραληγούσης τῆς γενικῆς τῆς ε᾿νεργητικῆς, τεθελήκομεν· συνεκόπη τοίνυν ἡ ἀμφιβαλλο μένη συλλαβὴ, καὶ ἐγένετο ι᾿σοσύλλαβος ὁ παθητικὸς παρα κείμενος τῷ ἐνεργητικῷ προπαροξυτόνῳ. Τὰ ει᾿ς Α λήγοντα ου᾿δε´τερα ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς παροξύνεται, οι῾῀ον αι᾿´νιγμα, μά λαγμα, ο᾿´ρυγμα· ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ θέλημα. ΑΥ᾿ΤΟΥ͂ ποίου μέρους λόγου ε᾿στίν;Ἀντωνυμίας πρωτο τύπου. Καὶ τί ἐστιν α᾿ντωνυμία; Λέξις α᾿ντὶ ὀνόματος παραλαμβανομένη προσώπων ὡρισμένων δηλωτική. Καὶ α᾿ντὶ τίνος παραλαμβάνεται;Ἀντὶ κυρίου καὶ ἀντὶ προσ 35 ηγορικοῦ. Πῶς α᾿ντὶ κυρίου, καὶ πῶς α᾿ντὶ προσηγορικοῦ; Ἀντὶ μὲν κυρίου, ὡς α᾿ντὶ τοῦ ει᾿πεῖν Γεώργιος, λέγω ε᾿γω´· α᾿ντὶ δὲ προσηγορικοῦ, ὡς α᾿ντὶ τοῦ ει᾿πεῖν α᾿´νθρωπος, λέγω ε᾿γω´. Πόθεν α᾿ντωνυμία; Ἐκ τῆς α᾿ντὶ προθέσεως καὶ τοῦ ο᾿νο´ματος. Τὸ ΤΩ μέγα διατί; Τὰ παρὰ τὸ ο᾿´νομα συντι θέμενα διὰ τοῦ Ω μεγάλου γράφεται, οι῾῀ον ὁμώνυμος, φερώ νυμος, συνώνυμος, καὶ ει᾿´ τι ο῾´μοιον. Πόσα παρέπεται τῇ ἀντωνυμίᾳ; ϛʹ· πρόσωπα, γένη, α᾿ριθμοὶ, πτώσεις, σχήματα, ει᾿´δη. Ει᾿ς πόσα διαιροῦνται αἱ ἀντωνυμίαι; Ει᾿ς βʹ· ει᾿ς πρωτο τύπους, καὶ ει᾿ς παραγώγους. Αἱ δὲ παράγωγοι ει᾿ς πόσα διαιροῦνται; Ει᾿ς δύο· ει᾿ς μονοπροσώπους καὶ ει᾿ς κτητικάς. Πόσαι πρωτότυποι α᾿ντωνυμίαι; θʹ· ε᾿γω`, σὺ, ε῾`, νῶι, σφῶι, σφῶε, ἡμεῖς, ὑμεῖς, σφεῖς.Ἐγὼ ποίου προσώπου; Πρώτου. Ποίου γένους; Ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει. ∆ιατί; Γένη μὲν τῶν πρωτο τύπων διὰ τῆς φωνῆς ου᾿κ ἐξακούεται, διὰ δὲ τῆς ὑπ' αυ᾿τω῀ν δείξεως, οι῾῀ον ε᾿γω´. Τὸ Ε ψιλὸν, διατί; Πρὸ τοῦ Γ ἡ ΑΙ δίφθογγος σπανίως εὑρίσκεται, πλὴν τοῦ Αι᾿´γυπτος, αι᾿γιαλὸς, αι᾿γι´λιψ, (ἡ ὑψηλὴ πέτρα), καὶ ει᾿´ τι παρ' αυ᾿τοῦ. Ει᾿ς τὸ Ε ψιλὸν, διατί; Τὸ ἐν ἀντωνυμίᾳ Ε πρὸ συμφώνου ψιλοῦται, ε᾿γω`, ε᾿μοὶ, ε᾿κεῖνος, πλὴν τοῦ ε῾´θεν. Καὶ διατί πλὴν τοῦ ε῾´θεν; ∆ιότι πᾶσα α᾿ντωνυμία α᾿ποβολῇ τοῦ Σ γινομένη δασύνεται, σὸς ο῾`ς, σοῦ ου῾῀, σέθεν ε῾´θεν.Ἐγὼ διατί ὀξύνεται; Αἱ πρωτότυποι α᾿ντωνυμίαι ἑνικαὶ ου᾿῀σαι ο᾿ξυ´νεται, ὑπεσταλμένων τῶν γενικῶν ο᾿νομάτων, καὶ τῆς δοτικῆς τοῦ τρίτου προσώπου. Ἐγὼ καὶ ἡγεῖται (ἡ γενικὴ?) ε᾿μοῦ.Ὁ κανών; Ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει. ∆ιατί; Αἱ πρωτότυποι α᾿ντωνυμίαι κανόνας ου᾿κ ε᾿´χουσι. Καὶ διατί ου᾿κ ε᾿´χουσι; ∆ιότι ἑκάστης αυ᾿τη῀ς ε᾿στι θέμα, καὶ ου᾿ κανονίζεται ἑτέρα ὑπὸ τῆς ἑτέρας. Καὶ διατί ου᾿ κανονίζεται ἑτέρα ὑπὸ τῆς ἑτέρας; ∆ιότι τῶν μὲν ο᾿νομάτων καὶ τῶν ῥημάτων ἡ κλίσις κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν φωνήεντος προέρχεται, καὶ ἡ ἑτέρα ὑπὸ τῆς ἑτέρας κανονίζεται, αἱ δὲ πρωτότυποι σημασίᾳ μόνῃ ποιοῦνται τὴν κλίσιν, ου᾿ μέντοι φωνῆς α᾿κολούθως, διὸ καὶ θεματικὰς καλοῦμεν.Ἡ δοτικὴ ἐμοὶ διατί ὀξύνεται;Ἰστέον 36 ο῾´τι ἡ ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ σφὶν α᾿ντωνυμίαι δοτικαὶ ου᾿῀σαι ο᾿ξυ´νονται, ἡ δὲ οι῾῀ περισπᾶται, καὶ ε᾿´δει περισπᾶσθαι ταύτην ὡς δοτικήν· α᾿λλὰ σεσημείωνται αἱ ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ καὶ σφὶν α᾿ντωνυμίαι ο᾿ξυνόμεναι. ∆ιατί τὰ πρόσωπα ε᾿ν μὲν τοῖς ῥήμασι κατὰ τὸ τέλος κινοῦνται, ε᾿ν δὲ ταῖς α᾿ντωνυμίαις κατ' α᾿ρχήν; ∆ιότι ἡ α᾿ντωνυμία δύο κλίσεις α᾿ναδεξαμένη, τὴν μὲν κατὰ πτῶσιν, ε᾿ν τῷ τέλει· τοὺς δύο γὰρ κατ' αυ᾿τω῀ν ου᾿κ ἠδύνατο ε᾿´χειν, ι῾´να μὴ ει᾿ς συγγένειαν ε᾿μπέσῃ, α᾿λλ' ω῾´σπερ τὸ ῥῆμα τὴν μὲν α᾿ρχὴν α᾿πε´νειμε τοῖς χρόνοις, τὸ δὲ τέλος τοῖς προσώποις, ου῾´τω καὶ αυ῾´τη ει᾿ς δύο ε᾿μπεσοῦσα, τὴν α᾿ρχὴν μὲν α᾿πε´νειμε τοῖς προσώ ποις, τὸ δὲ τέλος τῇ κλίσει, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αυ᾿τη῀ς μᾶλλον ω᾿κείωται.Ἡ(Ἓ) κλητικὴν ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει. ∆ιατί; Ου᾿δεὶς γὰρ ἑαυτὸν καλεῖ.Ἐγὼ καὶ τὸ δεύτερον σὺ, τὸ τρίτον ε῾´· καὶ ἡ (ε῾`) κλητικὴν ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει, διατί; Ου᾿δεὶς γὰρ τὸν α᾿πο´ντα καλεῖ. Πόσαι ευ᾿θεῖαι τῶν α᾿ντωνυμιῶν; μβʹ· ε᾿γω`, σὺ, ε῾`, ἡ γενικὴ ε᾿μοῦ, σοῦ, ου῾῀· α᾿πο` τοῦ ἐμοῦ γίνεται ὁ ἐμὸς, ἡ ἐμὴ, τὸ ἐμόν· α᾿πο` τοῦ σοῦ, ὁ σὸς, ἡ σὴ, τὸ