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I seem to be troublesome, from the very words of Paul I will make this clear, that although he had all those things to complain about, he corrected nothing before this. For that they were fornicating, hear what he says: Fornication is actually heard of among you. And that they were puffed up and thought highly of themselves: Some have become arrogant, as though I were not coming to you. And that again they went to law outside the church: Does any one of you, when he has a case against another, dare to go to law before the unrighteous? And that they ate food offered to idols: You cannot partake of the Lord's table and the table of demons. And concerning the women not being veiled, but the men on the contrary, hear how he rebukes them, saying: Every man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head; but every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head. And that they despised the poor, this too he showed by saying: One goes hungry and another gets drunk; and again, Or do you despise the church of God 48.864 and shame those who have nothing? And since all were leaping at the greater gifts, and no one accepted the lesser, he says: Are all apostles? Are all prophets? And that they also doubted concerning the resurrection, But some one will say, he says, How are the dead raised? And with what body do they come? But yet, having so many things to accuse them of, he said nothing to them before that about the division and the contentiousness; but immediately, beginning the epistle, he says something like this. Now I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree and that there be no divisions among you. For he knew, he knew clearly, that this was the most pressing matter first. The fornicator, if he continually enters the church, and the boaster, and he who has any failing whatever, will quickly cast it off by enjoying constant instruction, and will return to health; but he who tears himself away from this assembly, and withdraws from the teaching of the fathers, and flees the physician's office, even if he seems to be healthy, will quickly fall into sickness. And just as an excellent physician, having first extinguished the fever, then corrects the ulcers and the fractures; so also Paul did, having first done away with the division, he then healed the wounds of each member. For this reason also he discourses about this before these things, not to be at variance with one another, nor to inscribe for themselves their own leaders, nor to cut the body of Christ into many parts. And these things he said not only to them, but also to those after them who suffer the same things as they did; whom I would gladly ask, what in the world is Passover, what in the world is the forty-day fast; and what is the Jewish one, and what is ours; and for what reason that one took place once in the whole year, but this is celebrated at every gathering; what the unleavened bread means; and many other things more than these contributing to this very subject. And then you would know well their untimely contentiousness, who are not even able to give an account of what they do, as if being wiser than all, nor do they learn from others, which is a mark of extreme condemnation, neither to know themselves, nor to follow those appointed, but having simply committed their affairs to irrational custom, they are carried down chasms and cliffs.

3. But what is their wise argument, when we say these things against them? Did you not, he says, fast this fast before? This is not for you to say to me, but it would be right for me to say to you, that we too fasted this way before, but nevertheless we preferred agreement to the observance of times. And what Paul said to the Galatians, this I also say to you: Become as I am, for I also have become as you are. And what is this? He persuaded them to abandon circumcision, to despise Sabbaths and days and all the other legal observances. Then, since he saw them dreading and fearing, lest they might undergo punishment and penalty for transgression, from his own affairs to take courage

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δοκῶ παρενοχλεῖν, ἀπ' αὐτῶν τοῦ Παύλου ῥημάτων τοῦτο ποιήσω φανερὸν, ὅτι πάντα ἐκεῖνα ἔχων ἐγκαλεῖν, οὐδὲν πρὸ τούτου διώρθωσεν. Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἐπόρνευον, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ πεφυσίωνται καὶ μέγα ἐφρόνουν· Ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου δέ μου πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐφυσιώθησάν τινες. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἔξω πάλιν ἐδικάζοντο· Τολμᾷ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀπίστων; Ὅτι δὲ καὶ εἰδωλόθυτα ἤσθιον· Οὐ δύνασθε τραπέζης Κυρίου μετέχειν καὶ τραπέζης δαιμονίων. Καὶ περὶ τοῦ μὴ κατακαλύπτεσθαι δὲ τὰς γυναῖκας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπ' ἐναντίας, ἄκουσον πῶς αὐτοῖς ἐπιτιμᾷ λέγων· Πᾶς ἀνὴρ προσευχόμενος ἢ προφητεύων κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων, καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ· πᾶσα δὲ γυνὴ προσευχομένη, ἢ προφητεύουσα ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ, καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς. Καὶ ὅτι τῶν πενήτων ὑπερεώρων, καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών· Ὃς μὲν πεινᾷ, ὃς δὲ μεθύει· καὶ πάλιν, Ἢ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τοῦ Θεοῦ 48.864 καταφρονεῖτε, καὶ καταισχύνετε τοὺς μὴ ἔχοντας; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ τοῖς μείζοσι τῶν χαρισμάτων ἅπαντες ἐπεπήδων, καὶ τὸ ἔλαττον οὐδεὶς κατεδέχετο, φησί· Μὴ πάντες ἀπόστολοι; μὴ πάντες προφῆται; Ὅτι δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀμφέβαλλον, Ἀλλ' ἐρεῖ τις, φησὶ, Πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί; ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται; Ἀλλ' ὅμως τοσαῦτα ἔχων ἐγκαλέσαι, οὐδὲν πρὸ ἐκείνου πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπε τῆς διαστάσεως καὶ τῆς φιλονεικίας· ἀλλ' εὐθέως ἀρχόμενος τῆς ἐπιστολῆς, οὕτω πώς φησι. Παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοὶ, διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες, καὶ μὴ ᾖ ἐν ὑμῖν σχίσματα. Ἤδει γὰρ, ᾔδει σαφῶς, ὅτι τοῦτο πρότερον ἦν τὸ κατεπεῖγον. Ὁ πορνεύων ἂν συνεχῶς εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν εἰσίῃ, καὶ ὁ ἀλαζὼν, καὶ ὁ ὁτιοῦν ἔχων ἐλάττωμα, ταχέως αὐτὸ συνεχοῦς ἀπολαύων διδασκαλίας ἀπωθήσεται, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑγίειαν ἐπανήξει· ὁ μέντοι τῆς συνόδου ταύτης ἑαυτὸν ἀποῤῥήξας, καὶ τῆς τῶν πατέρων διδασκαλίας ὑπεξαγαγὼν, καὶ τὸ ἰατρεῖον φυγὼν, κἂν ὑγιαίνειν δοκῇ, ταχέως εἰς ἀῤῥωστίαν πεσεῖται. Καὶ καθάπερ ἰατρὸς ἄριστος τὸν πυρετὸν πρῶτον σβέσας, τότε τὰ ἕλκη καὶ τὰ ῥήγματα διορθοῦται· οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος ἐποίησε, πρότερον τὴν διάστασιν ἀνελὼν, τότε τὰ καθ' ἕκαστον μέλος ἐθεράπευσε τραύματα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτου διαλέγεται πρὸ τούτων, μηδὲ στασιάζειν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, μηδὲ οἰκείους ἄρχοντας ἐπιγράφεσθαι, μηδὲ εἰς πολλὰ κατατεμεῖν μέρη Χριστοῦ τὸ σῶμα. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐκ ἐκείνοις ἔλεγε μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτοις μετ' ἐκείνους τὰ αὐτὰ νοσοῦσιν ἐκείνοις· οὓς ἡδέως ἔγωγε ἂν ἐροίμην, τί ποτέ ἐστι πάσχα, τί ποτέ ἐστι τεσσαρακοστή· καὶ τί μὲν τὸ Ἰουδαϊκὸν, τί δὲ τὸ ἡμέτερον· καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐκεῖνο μὲν ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ παντὸς ἐγένετο, τοῦτο δὲ καθ' ἑκάστην τελεῖται σύναξιν· τί βούλεται τὰ ἄζυμα· καὶ ἕτερα πολλῷ πλείονα τούτων εἰς αὐτὴν ταύτην συντελοῦντα τὴν ὑπόθεσιν. Καὶ τότε ἂν ἔγνωτε καλῶς αὐτῶν τὴν ἄκαιρον φιλονεικίαν, οἳ μηδὲ λόγον περὶ ὧν ποιοῦσιν ἀποδοῦναι δυνάμενοι, καθάπερ ἁπάντων ὄντες σοφώτεροι, οὔτε παρ' ἑτέρων μανθάνουσιν, ὅπερ ἐσχάτης ἐστὶ καταγνώσεως μήτε αὐτοὺς εἰδέναι, μήτε τοῖς ἐπιτεταγμένοις ἕπεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς ἀλόγῳ συνηθείᾳ τὰ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἐπιτρέψαντες, κατὰ βαράθρων φέρονται καὶ κρημνῶν.

γʹ. Ἀλλὰ τίς ὁ σοφὸς αὐτῶν λόγος, ὅταν ταῦτα αὐτοῖς ἀντιλέγωμεν; Ὑμεῖς, φησὶν, οὐ ταύτην ἐνηστεύετε τὴν νηστείαν πρότερον; Τοῦτο οὐ σόν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν πρός με, ἀλλ' ἐμὲ δίκαιον ἂν εἴη πρὸς σὲ λέγειν, ὅτι καὶ ἡμεῖς οὕτως ἐνηστεύομεν πρότερον, ἀλλ' ὅμως προετιμήσαμεν τὴν συμφωνίαν τῆς τῶν χρόνων παρατηρήσεως. Καὶ ὅπερ ὁ Παῦλος πρὸς Γαλάτας ἔλεγε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν λέγω· Γίνεσθε ὡς ἐγὼ, ὅτι κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν; Ἔπειθεν αὐτοὺς ἀποστῆναι περιτομῆς, καταφρονῆσαι Σαββάτων καὶ ἡμερῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν νομίμων ἁπάντων. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ δεδοικότας ἑώρα καὶ φοβουμένους, μήποτε παραβάσεως κόλασιν ὑπομείνωσι καὶ τιμωρίαν, ἀπὸ τῶν καθ' ἑαυτὸν πραγμάτων εἰς τὸ θαῤῥεῖν