free among the dead.” “For though he was crucified through weakness, yet he lives by the power of God.” Furthermore, behold the people among whom clean and unclean foods are examined, but prophecy is despised, brought forward on a platter instead of a main course. But the Jews do not have the head of prophecy, denying Christ Jesus, the chief point of all prophecy. And the prophet is beheaded on account of oaths, which it was better to break than to keep; for the crime of rash oaths and of perjury because of the rashness was not the same as the crime of prophetic murder <and because of keeping the oath>. And he is beheaded not only for this reason, but also <because of> those reclining with him, who wanted the prophet to be killed rather than to live. And those who rejoice at his birthday recline and feast with the wicked word that rules the Jews. You will someday use the saying gracefully against those who swear rashly and wish to confirm oaths taken for lawlessness, saying that not every keeping of an oath is proper, just as Herod's was not. Furthermore, pay attention that Herod does not kill John openly, but secretly and in prison; for the present people of the Jews do not deny the prophecies openly, but in effect and in secret they deny them and are convicted by them of unbelief. For just as if they believed Moses, they would have believed in Jesus, so if they believed the prophets, they would have received the one who was prophesied. But by disbelieving this one they also disbelieve those, and having shut up “the prophetic word” in prison they cut it off, and they have it dead and divided and in no way whole, since they do not understand it. But we have the whole Jesus, the prophecy spoken about him being fulfilled: “A bone <of him> shall not be broken.” 10.23 But the disciples of John came and buried his remains, and came and told Jesus. And he withdrew to a desert place, the nations; and after the murder of the prophets, crowds followed him from the cities everywhere. Seeing that it was a great crowd, he had compassion and healed their sick, and after this he feeds those who followed him with the blessed and multiplied loaves from a few. And when Jesus heard it, he withdrew from there in a boat to a deserted place by himself (14, 12. 13[-14]). The literal text teaches us how powerful it is to withdraw from persecutors and the expectation of being plotted against because of the word; for this would happen according to what is reasonable, but for one who is able to be outside of the circumstances to go to meet them is rash and bold. Who would still doubt about avoiding such things, when Jesus not only withdrew on account of the things concerning John, but also taught and said: “If they persecute you in this city, flee to another.” Therefore, it is necessary to endure a trial that comes upon us, not of our own making, very nobly and with courage; but when it is possible to avoid it, not to do so is audacious. But since after the literal text the passage must also be examined according to the anagogical sense, it must be said that when prophecy was plotted against among the Jews and killed, because matters of birth were honored among them and had occurred according to the acceptance of empty movements—which in the judgment of truth were unrhythmical and discordant, but as the ruler of the wicked and those feasting with him suppose, were rhythmical and pleasing to them—Jesus withdraws from the place in which prophecy was plotted against and condemned. And he withdraws to the place deserted by God among the nations, so that the word of God, when the kingdom is taken from them and given “to a nation producing its fruits,” might be among the nations, and through him “many more might be the children of the desolate one,” who has been taught neither law nor prophets, “than of her who has a husband,” the law. Therefore, when the Word was formerly among the Jews, he was not among them in the same way as among the nations; for this reason it is said that he went away in a boat, that is, in the body, to a deserted place by himself, having heard about the murder of the prophet. But by himself, having become
νεκροῖς ἐλεύθερος». «Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας, ἀλλὰ ζῇ ἐκ δυνάμεως θεοῦ.» Ἔτι δὲ ὅρα τὸν λαὸν παρ' ᾧ καθαρὰ μὲν καὶ ἀκάθαρτα ἐξετάζεται βρώματα, καταφρονεῖται δὲ προφητεία ἐπὶ πίνακι ἀντὶ ὄψου προσαγομένη. Τὴν δὲ κεφαλὴν τῆς προ φητείας Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκ ἔχουσι, τὸ κεφάλαιον πάσης προφητείας Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀρνούμενοι. Καὶ ἀποκεφαλίζεται ὁ προφήτης δι' ὅρκους, ἐφ' οἷς μᾶλλον ἐπιορκεῖν ἢ εὐορκεῖν ἔδει· οὐ ταὐτὸν γὰρ ἦν ἔγκλημα προπετείας ὅρκων καὶ τῆς διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν ἐπιορκίας <καὶ τὸ δι' εὐορκίας> ἔγκλημα ἀναιρέσεως προφητικῆς. Καὶ οὐ διὰ τοῦτο μόνον ἀποκεφα λίζεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ <διὰ> τοὺς συνανακειμένους, βουλομένους μᾶλλον ἀναιρεθῆναι τὸν προφήτην ἢ ζῆν. Συνανάκεινται δὲ καὶ συνεστιῶνται λόγῳ μοχθηρῷ Ἰουδαίων βασιλεύοντι οἱ ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει αὐτοῦ εὐφραινόμενοι. Χρήσῃ δέ ποτε χαριέντως τῷ ῥητῷ πρὸς τοὺς προπετῶς ὀμνύοντας καὶ θέλοντας ἐμπεδοῦν ὅρκους ἐπὶ παρανομίᾳ παραληφθέντας, λέγων ὅτι οὐ πᾶσα τήρησις ὅρκων ἐστὶ καθήκουσα, ὡς οὐδὲ ἡ τοῦ Ἡρώδου. Ἔτι δὲ πρόσχες ὅτι οὐ μετὰ παρρησίας, ἀλλὰ κρύφα καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ φονεύει τὸν Ἰωάννην ὁ Ἡρώδης· καὶ γὰρ οὐ μετὰ παρρησίας ἀρνεῖται ὁ νῦν Ἰουδαίων λαὸς τὰς προφητείας, δυνάμει δὲ καὶ ἐν κρυπτῷ αὐτὰς ἀρνεῖται καὶ ἐλέγχεται αὐταῖς ἀπιστῶν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ εἰ ἐπίστευον Μωσῇ, τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἐπίστευσαν ἄν, οὕτως εἰ ἐπίστευον τοῖς προφήταις, προσήκαντο ἂν τὸν προφητευόμενον. Ἀπιστοῦντες δὲ τούτῳ κἀκείνοις ἀπιστοῦσι καὶ ἀποτέμνουσιν ἐν φυλακῇ κατακλείσαντες «τὸν λόγον τὸν προφητικόν», καὶ ἔχουσιν αὐτὸν νεκρὸν καὶ διαιρεθέντα καὶ μηδαμοῦ ὑγιῆ, ἐπεὶ μὴ νοοῦσιν αὐτόν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ὁλόκληρον ἔχομεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, πληρωθείσης τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ λεγούσης προφητείας· «Ὀστοῦν <αὐτοῦ> οὐ συντριβήσεται.» 10.23 Οἱ μαθηταὶ δὲ ἐλθόντες τοῦ Ἰωάννου θάπτουσιν αὐτοῦ τὸ λείψανον, καὶ ἐλθόντες ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ. Ὁ δὲ ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον, τὰ ἔθνη· καὶ μετὰ τὴν τῶν προφητῶν ἀναίρεσιν ὄχλοι αὐτῷ ἠκολούθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν παν ταχοῦ πόλεων. Ὅντινα πολὺν ὄντα θεασάμενος ἐσπλαγχνίσθη καὶ ἐθεράπευσε τοὺς ἀρρώστους αὐτῶν, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο τρέφει τοῖς εὐλογηθεῖσι καὶ πλεονάσασιν ἐξ ὀλίγων ἄρτων τοὺς ἀκολουθήσαντας αὐτῷ. Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκεῖθεν ἐν πλοίῳ εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κατ' ἰδίαν (14, 12. 13[-14]). Τὸ μὲν ῥητὸν διδάσκει ἡμᾶς ὅση δύναμις ἀπὸ τῶν διω κόντων καὶ τῆς προσδοκίας τοῦ διὰ τὸν λόγον ἐπιβου λεύεσθαι ἀναχωρεῖν· τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ κατὰ τὸ εὐλόγιστον γένοιτ' ἄν, τὸ δὲ δυνάμενον ἔξω εἶναι τῶν περιστατικῶν ὁμόσε χωρεῖν αὐτοῖς προπετές ἐστι καὶ θρασύ. Τίς δὲ ἔτι ἀμφιβάλοι ἂν περὶ τοῦ ἐκκλίνειν τὰ τοιαῦτα, τοῦ Ἰησοῦ οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τοῖς κατὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἀναχωρήσαντος, ἀλλὰ καὶ διδάσκοντος καὶ λέγοντος· «Ἐὰν διώκωσιν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, φεύγετε εἰς τὴν ἑτέραν.» Ἐπελθόντα μὲν οὖν οὐ παρ' ἡμᾶς πειρασμὸν ἀναγκαῖον ὑπομένειν εὐγενῶς λίαν καὶ τεθαρρηκότως· παρὸν δὲ ἐκκλίνειν, τοῦτο μὴ ποιεῖν τολμηρόν. Ἐπεὶ δὲ μετὰ τὸ ῥητὸν καὶ κατὰ ἀναγωγὴν τὸν τόπον ἐξεταστέον, λεκτέον ὅτι ἐπιβουλευθείσης παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις τῆς προφητείας καὶ ἀναιρεθείσης, διὰ τὸ τιμᾶσθαι παρ' αὐτοῖς τὰ γενέσεως πράγματα καὶ κατὰ ἀποδοχὴν κενῶν κινήσεων γεγενημένων, ὡς μὲν παρ' ἀληθείᾳ δικαζούσῃ, ἀρρύθμων καὶ ἐκμελῶν, ὡς δ' ὑπολαμβάνει ὁ τῶν φαύλων ἄρχων καὶ οἱ συνεστιώμενοι αὐτῷ, εὐρύθμων καὶ ἀρεσκόντων ἐκείνοις, ἀναχωρεῖ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου ἐν ᾧ προφητεία ἐπιβουλευθεῖσα κατεδικάσθη. Ἀνα χωρεῖ δὲ εἰς τὸν ἔρημον θεοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ἔθνεσι τόπον, ἵνα ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, αἰρομένης τῆς βασιλείας ἀπ' ἐκείνων καὶ διδομένης «ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς», γένηται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι, καὶ δι' αὐτὸν «πολλὰ» γένηται «τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον» μήτε νόμον μήτε προφήτας δεδιδαγμένης «ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα», τὸν νόμον. Ὅτε μὲν οὖν πάλαι ὁ λόγος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἦν, οὐχ οὕτως ἦν παρ' αὐτοῖς, ὡς παρὰ τοῖς ἔθνεσι· διὸ λέλεκται ἐν πλοίῳ, τουτέστι τῷ σώματι, εἰς τὸν ἔρημον τόπον κατ' ἰδίαν γεγονέναι, ἀκούσαντα περὶ τῆς ἀναιρέσεως τοῦ προφήτου. Κατ' ἰδίαν δέ, γενόμενος