And an example of thanksgiving is the voice of our Lord, saying: “I confess to you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these things from the wise and understanding and have revealed them to infants”; for “I confess” is equivalent to “I give thanks.” 14.6 Therefore supplication and intercession and thanksgiving it is not out of place to offer also to <holy> men; but the two (I mean intercession and thanksgiving) not only to holy but also to <other> men, but supplication only to saints, if some Paul or Peter might be found, that they might help us, making us worthy to obtain the authority given to them for the forgiving of sins; unless perhaps, even if someone is not holy, and we wrong him, it is granted to us, having become aware of our sin against him, to make supplication to such a one also, that he might grant pardon to us who have wronged him. But if these things are to be offered to holy men, how much more ought thanksgiving to be given to Christ, who has benefited us in so many things by the will of the Father? But also intercession is to be made to him as Stephen said: “Lord, do not hold this sin against them”; and imitating the father of the lunatic we will say: “I beseech,” “Lord, have mercy” on “the son” or on me myself or on whomever. 15.1 But if we understand what prayer is, we must never pray to any created being, not even to Christ himself, but only to the God of all and Father, to whom our Savior himself also prayed, as we have set forth before, and teaches us to pray. For upon hearing, “Teach us to pray,” he does not teach to “pray” to himself but to the Father, saying: “Our Father who art in heaven,” and what follows. For if the Son is other than the Father in essence and substance, as is shown in other places, then one must pray either to the Son and not to the Father, or to both, or to the Father alone. Now, to pray to the Son and not to the Father, absolutely everyone will confess to be most improper and would be said to be contrary to what is manifest; and if to both, it is clear that we would offer our petitions in the plural, saying through our prayers, grant and do good and supply and save, and anything similar to these; which is incongruous in itself, nor can anyone show it being written or said by anyone in the Scriptures. It remains, therefore, to pray only to God, the Father of all, but not without the high priest, who was appointed “with an oath” by the Father according to that which says, “He swore and will not change his mind: You are a priest forever, after the order of Melchizedek.” 15.2 Therefore the saints, giving thanks in their prayers to God through Christ Jesus, confess graces to him. And just as one who is precise about prayer ought not to pray to him who prays but to the Father whom our Lord Jesus taught us to call upon in our prayers, so no prayer is to be offered to the Father without him, as he himself clearly shows by saying thus: “Truly, truly, I say to you, if you ask my Father for anything, he will give it to you in my name. Until now you have asked nothing in my name; ask, and you will receive, that your joy may be full.” For he did not say, “Ask” me, nor simply, “Ask” “the Father,” but: “if you ask the Father for anything, he will give it to you in my name.” For until Jesus taught these things, no one had asked “the Father” “in the name” of the Son; and what was said by Jesus, “Until now you have asked nothing in my name,” was true, and also true is, “ask, and you will receive, that your joy may be full.” 15.3 But if someone, thinking it necessary to pray to Christ himself, being confused by the meaning of “worship,” brings forward to us the text “let all the angels of God worship him,” which is admittedly said in Deuteronomy concerning Christ, it must be said to him that also the church Jerusalem named by the prophet is said to be worshipped by kings and princesses, becoming her nurses and guardians, through these words: “Behold, I lift up my hand to the nations, and I will raise my standard to the islands; and they shall bring your sons in their bosom, and they shall carry your daughters on their shoulders; and they shall be
εὐχαριστίας δὲ παράδειγμα ἡ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν φωνὴ, λέγοντος· «ἐξομολογοῦμαί σοι, πάτερ, κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἀπέκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ νηπίοις»· τὸ γὰρ «ἐξομολογοῦμαι» ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ «εὐχαριστῷ.» 14.6 δέησιν μὲν οὖν καὶ ἔντευξιν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν οὐκ ἄτο πον καὶ ἀνθρώποις <ἁγίοις> προσενεγκεῖν· ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν δύο (λέγω δὴ ἔντευξιν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν) οὐ μόνον ἁγίοις ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ <ἄλλοις> ἀνθρώποις, τὴν δὲ δέησιν μόνον ἁγίοις, εἴ τις εὑρεθείη Παῦλος ἢ Πέτρος, ἵνα ὠφελήσωσιν ἡμᾶς, ἀξίους ποιοῦντες τοῦ τυχεῖν τῆς δεδομένης αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίας πρὸς τὸ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφιέναι· εἰ μὴ ἄρα, κἂν μὴ ἅγιός τις ᾖ, ἀδικήσωμεν δὲ αὐτὸν, δέδοται συν αισθηθέντας τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν ἁμαρτίας τὸ δεηθῆναι καὶ τοῦ τοιούτου, ἵν' ἡμῖν ἠδικηκόσι συγγνώμην ἀπονείμῃ. εἰ δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἁγίοις ταῦτα προσενεκτέον, πόσῳ πλέον τῷ Χριστῷ εὐχαριστητέον, τοσ αῦτα ἡμᾶς βουλήσει τοῦ πατρὸς εὐεργετήσαντι; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐντευκτέον αὐτῷ ὡς ὁ εἰπὼν Στέφανος· «κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρ τίαν ταύτην»· μιμούμενοί τε τὸν πατέρα τοῦ σεληνιαζομένου ἐροῦ μεν· «δέομαι,» «κύριε, ἐλέησον» ἢ «τὸν υἱὸν» ἢ ἐμὲ αὐτὸν ἢ ὃν δή ποτε. 15.1 Ἐὰν δὲ ἀκούωμεν ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστι προσευχὴ, μή ποτε οὐ δενὶ τῶν γεννητῶν προσευκτέον ἐστὶν οὐδὲ αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ ἀλλὰ μόνῳ τῷ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων καὶ πατρὶ, ᾧ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν προσηύχετο, ὡς προπαρεθέμεθα, καὶ διδάσκει ἡμᾶς προσεύχεσθαι. ἀκούσας γάρ· «δίδαξον ἡμᾶς προσεύχεσθαι» οὐ διδάσκει αὑτῷ «προσ εύχεσθαι» ἀλλὰ τῷ πατρὶ, λέγοντας· «πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ ρανοῖς» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. εἰ γὰρ ἕτερος, ὡς ἐν ἄλλοις δείκνυται, κατ' οὐσίαν καὶ ὑποκείμενόν ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ πατρὸς, ἤτοι προσευκτέον τῷ υἱῷ καὶ οὐ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ ἀμφοτέροις ἢ τῷ πατρὶ μόνῳ. τὸ μὲν οὖν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ οὐ τῷ πατρὶ πᾶς ὁστισοῦν ὁμολογήσει εἶναι ἀτο πώτατον καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἐνάργειαν λεχθησόμενον ἄν· εἰ δὲ ἀμφο τέροις, δῆλον ὅτι κἂν ἀξιώσεις προσενέγκοιμεν πληθυντικῶς, πα ράσχεσθε καὶ εὐεργετήσατε καὶ ἐπιχορηγήσατε καὶ σώσατε, καὶ εἴ τι τούτων ὅμοιον, διὰ τῶν προσευχῶν λέγοντες· ὅπερ καὶ αὐτόθεν ἀπεμφαῖνον, οὐδὲ ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ἔχει τις δεῖξαι κείμενον ὑπό τινων λεγόμενον. λείπεται τοίνυν προσεύχεσθαι μόνῳ τῷ θεῷ τῷ τῶν ὅλων πατρὶ, ἀλλὰ μὴ χωρὶς τοῦ ἀρχιερέως, ὅστις «μεθ' ὁρκωμοσίας» κατεστάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κατὰ τὸ «ὤμοσε, καὶ οὐ μεταμεληθήσε ται· σὺ ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ.» 15.2 εὐχαριστοῦντες οὖν οἱ ἅγιοι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς ἑαυτῶν τῷ θεῷ διὰ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ χάριτας ὁμολογοῦσιν αὐτῷ. ὥσπερ δὲ τὸν ἀκριβοῦντα τὸ προσεύχεσθαι οὐ χρὴ τῷ εὐχομένῳ προσεύχεσθαι ἀλλὰ τῷ ὃν ἐδίδαξεν ἐπὶ τῶν εὐχῶν καλεῖν πατρὶ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς, οὕτως οὐ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ προσευχήν τινα προσενεκτέον τῷ πατρὶ, ὡς αὐτὸς τοῦτο παραδείκνυσι σαφῶς οὕτω λέγων· «ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἄν τι αἰτήσητε τὸν πατέρα μου, δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου. ἕως ἄρτι οὐκ ᾐτήσατε οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου· αἰτεῖτε, καὶ λήψεσθε, ἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν ᾖ πεπληρωμένη.» οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν· «αἰ τεῖτέ» με οὐδὲ «αἰτεῖτε» «τὸν πατέρα» ἁπλῶς ἀλλά· «ἐάν τι αἰ τήσητε τὸν πατέρα, δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου.» ἕως γὰρ ἐδί δαξε ταῦτα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, οὐδεὶς ᾐτήκει «τὸν πατέρα» «ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι» τοῦ υἱοῦ· καὶ ἀληθὲς ἦν ὑπὸ Ἰησοῦ λεγόμενον τὸ «ἕως ἄρτι οὐκ ᾐτήσατε οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου,» ἀληθὲς δὲ καὶ τὸ «αἰτεῖτε, καὶ λήψεσθε, ἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν ᾖ πεπληρωμένη.» 15.3 ἐὰν δέ τις, οἰόμενος δεῖν αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ προσεύχεσθαι, συγχεόμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκ τοῦ προσκυνεῖν σημαινομένου προσάγῃ ἡμῖν τὸ «προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ,» ὁμολογου μένως ἐν τῷ ∆ευτερονομίῳ περὶ Χριστοῦ εἰρημένον, λεκτέον πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι καὶ ἡ ἐκκλησία Ἱερουσαλὴμ παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου ὀνομαζο μένη προσκυνεῖσθαι ὑπὸ βασιλέων καὶ ἀρχουσῶν, γινομένων τιθη νῶν αὐτῆς καὶ τροφῶν, λέγεται διὰ τούτων· «ἰδοὺ αἴρω εἰς τὰ ἔθνη τὴν χεῖρά μου, καὶ εἰς τὰς νήσους ἀρῶ σύσσημόν μου· καὶ ἄξουσι τοὺς υἱούς σου ἐν κόλπῳ, τὰς δὲ θυγατέρας σου ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἀροῦσι· καὶ ἔσονται