the so-called Palladium, fallen from heaven, which Diomedes and Odysseus are said to have stolen from Ilium, and to have entrusted to Demophon, was made from the bones of Pelops, just as the Olympian [Zeus] was from other bones of an Indian beast. And indeed I present Dionysius who relates this in the fifth part of the *Cycle*. 4.47.7 But Apellas in his *Delphica* says that there were two Pal 4.47.7 ladia, and that both were made by men. But lest anyone suppose that I have yielded these points through ignorance, I will adduce that the statue of Dionysus Morychus at Athens was made from the stone called *phellata*, and was the work of Sicon, son of Eupalamus, as Polemon says in a certain 4.47.8 letter. And there were, I think, two other Cretan statuaries (Scyllis and Dipoinos they were named); these two made the statues of the Dioscuri in Argos and the statue of Heracles in Tiryns and the wooden image of Artemis Mu nychia in Sicyon. 4.48.1 And why do I waste time on these things, when it is possible to show you who the great divinity himself was, whom we hear was pre-eminently deemed worthy of reverence by all, this one they have dared to call not-made-by-hands 4.48.2, the Egyptian Sarapis? For some relate that it was sent as a thank-offering by the Sinopeans to Ptolemy Philadelphus, the king of the Egyptians, who, when they were worn out by famine and had sent for grain from Egypt, [Ptolemy] relieved, and that this wooden image was a statue of Pluto; who, having received the statue, set it up on the promontory, which they now call Rhakotis, where also the temple of Sarapis is honored, and the place is near these spots. And Ptolemy, having brought Blistiche the concubine who died in Canopus, 4.48.3 buried her under the aforementioned shrine. But others say that Sarapis is a Pontic image, and was transferred to Alexandria with festive honor. Isidore alone says that the statue was transferred from the Seleucians near Antioch, when they too were in a famine and were fed by Ptolemy 4.48.4. But Athenodorus, son of Sandon, wishing to make Sarapis ancient, I know not how fell into contradiction, proving it to be a created statue; he says that Sesostris the Egyptian king, having subdued most of the nations among the Greeks, on returning to Egypt brought with him 4.48.5 sufficient artisans; therefore he himself commanded that his own ancestor Osiris be sumptuously fashioned, and Bryaxis the craftsman constructed it, not the Athenian, but some other with the same name as that Bryaxis; who for the work used a mixed and varied material. For he had filings of gold and silver, and of bronze and iron and lead, and tin besides, and not one of the Egyptian stones was wanting, fragments of sapphire and hematite and emerald, 4.48.6 but also of topaz. Therefore, having ground everything down and mixed it, he colored it with blue, on account of which the color of the statue is rather dark, and having mixed everything with the drug left over from the embalming of Osiris and Apis, he fashioned Sarapis; whose name also signifies the fellowship of the funeral rite and the creation from the burial, having become a compound from Osiris and Apis, Osirapis.4.49.1 And another new god in Egypt, and almost among the Greeks, the emperor of the Romans has reverently deified, his lover who was exceedingly beautiful, Antinous, whom he consecrated just as Zeus did Ganymede; for desire that has no fear is not easily restrained; and people now worship the sacred nights of Antinous, which the lover who stayed awake with him knew were shameful 4.49.2. Why do you count for me as a god one honored for fornication? And why did you command him to be mourned as a son? And why do you relate his beauty? Beauty marred by insolence is shameful. Do not tyrannize, O man, over beauty
Παλλάδιον τὸ διοπετὲς καλούμενον, ὃ ∆ιομήδης καὶ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἱστοροῦνται μὲν ὑφελέσθαι ἀπὸ Ἰλίου, παρακαταθέσθαι δὲ ∆ημοφῶντι, ἐκ τῶν Πέλοπος ὀστῶν κατεσκευάσθαι, καθάπερ τὸν Ὀλύμπιον ἐξ ἄλλων ὀστῶν Ἰνδικοῦ θηρίου. Καὶ δὴ τὸν ἱστοροῦντα ∆ιονύσιον ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ μέρει τοῦ Κύκλου παρίστημι. 4.47.7 Ἀπελλᾶς δὲ ἐν τοῖς ∆ελφικοῖς δύο φησὶ γεγονέναι τὰ Παλ 4.47.7 λάδια, ἄμφω δ' ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων δεδημιουργῆσθαι. Ἀλλ' ὅπως μηδεὶς ὑπολάβῃ καὶ ταῦτά με ἀγνοίᾳ παρεικέναι, παραθήσομαι τοῦ Μορύχου ∆ιονύσου τὸ ἄγαλμα Ἀθήνησι γεγονέναι μὲν ἐκ τοῦ φελλάτα καλουμένου λίθου, ἔργον δὲ εἶναι Σίκωνος τοῦ Εὐπαλάμου, ὥς φησι Πολέμων ἔν τινι 4.47.8 ἐπιστολῇ. Ἐγενέσθην δὲ καὶ ἄλλω τινὲ δύο Κρητικὼ οἶμαι ἀνδριαντοποιὼ (Σκύλλις καὶ ∆ίποινος ὠνομαζέσθην)· τούτω δὲ τὰ ἐν Ἄργει τοῖν ∆ιοσκούροιν ἀγάλματα κατεσκευασάτην καὶ τὸν ἐν Τίρυνθι Ἡρακλέους ἀνδριάντα καὶ τὸ τῆς Μου νυχίας Ἀρτέμιδος ξόανον ἐν Σικυῶνι. 4.48.1 Καὶ τί περὶ ταῦτα διατρίβω, ἐξὸν αὐτὸν τὸν μεγαλο δαίμονα ὑμῖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ὅστις ἦν, ὃν δὴ κατ' ἐξοχὴν πρὸς πάντων σεβασμοῦ κατηξιωμένον ἀκούομεν, τοῦτον ἀχειρο 4.48.2 ποίητον εἰπεῖν τετολμήκασιν, τὸν Αἰγύπτιον Σάραπιν; Οἳ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἱστοροῦσιν χαριστήριον ὑπὸ Σινωπέων Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ Φιλαδέλφῳ τῷ Αἰγυπτίων πεμφθῆναι βασιλεῖ, ὃς λιμῷ τρυχομένους αὐτοὺς ἀπ' Αἰγύπτου μετα πεμψαμένους σῖτον [ὁ Πτολεμαῖος] ἀνεκτήσατο, εἶναι δὲ τὸ ξόανον τοῦτο ἄγαλμα Πλούτωνος· ὅς, δεξάμενος τὸν ἀνδριάντα, καθίδρυσεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἄκρας, ἣν νῦν Ῥακῶτιν καλοῦσιν, ἔνθα καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τετίμηται τοῦ Σαράπιδος, γειτνιᾷ δὲ τοῖς τόποις τὸ χωρίον. Βλιστίχην δὲ τὴν παλλα κίδα τελευτήσασαν ἐν Κανώβῳ μεταγαγὼν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος 4.48.3 ἔθαψεν ὑπὸ τὸν προδεδηλωμένον σηκόν. Ἄλλοι δέ φασι Ποντικὸν εἶναι βρέτας τὸν Σάραπιν, μετῆχθαι δὲ εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν μετὰ τιμῆς πανηγυρικῆς. Ἰσίδωρος μόνος παρὰ Σελευκέων τῶν πρὸς Ἀντιοχείᾳ τὸ ἄγαλμα μεταχθῆναι λέγει, ἐν σιτοδείᾳ καὶ αὐτῶν γενομένων καὶ ὑπὸ Πτολεμαίου 4.48.4 διατραφέντων. Ἀλλ' ὅ γε Ἀθηνόδωρος ὁ τοῦ Σάνδωνος ἀρχαΐζειν τὸν Σάραπιν βουληθεὶς οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως περιέπεσεν, ἐλέγξας αὐτὸν ἄγαλμα εἶναι γενητόν· Σέσωστρίν φησι τὸν Αἰγύπτιον βασιλέα, τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησι παραστησάμενον ἐθνῶν, ἐπανελθόντα εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐπαγαγέσθαι 4.48.5 τεχνίτας ἱκανούς· τὸν οὖν Ὄσιριν τὸν προπάτορα τὸν αὑτοῦ δαιδαλθῆναι ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸς πολυτελῶς, κατασκευάζει δὲ αὐτὸν Βρύαξις ὁ δημιουργός, οὐχ ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὁμώνυμος ἐκείνῳ τῷ Βρυάξιδι· ὃς ὕλῃ κατακέχρηται εἰς δημιουργίαν μικτῇ καὶ ποικίλῃ. Ῥίνημα γὰρ χρυσοῦ ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἀργύρου χαλκοῦ τε καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μολίβδου, πρὸς δὲ καὶ κασσιτέρου, λίθων δὲ Αἰγυπτίων ἐνέδει οὐδὲ εἷς, σαπφείρου καὶ αἱματίτου θραύσματα σμαράγδου τε, 4.48.6 ἀλλὰ καὶ τοπαζίου. Λεάνας οὖν τὰ πάντα καὶ ἀναμίξας ἔχρωσε κυάνῳ, οὗ δὴ χάριν μελάντερον τὸ χρῶμα τοῦ ἀγάλματος, καὶ τῷ ἐκ τῆς Ὀσίριδος καὶ τοῦ Ἄπιος κηδείας ὑπολελειμμένῳ φαρμάκῳ φυράσας τὰ πάντα διέπλασεν τὸν Σάραπιν· οὗ καὶ τοὔνομα αἰνίττεται τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς κηδείας καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ταφῆς δημιουργίαν, σύνθετον ἀπό τε Ὀσίριδος καὶ Ἄπιος γενόμενον Ὀσίραπις.4.49.1 Καινὸν δὲ ἄλλον ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ὀλίγου δεῖν καὶ παρ' Ἕλλησι, σεβασμίως τεθείακεν θεὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ Ῥωμαίων τὸν ἐρώμενον ὡραιότατον σφόδρα γενόμενον, Ἀντίνοον, ὃν ἀνιέρωσεν οὕτως ὡς Γανυμήδην ὁ Ζεύς· οὐ γὰρ κωλύεται ῥᾳδίως ἐπιθυμία φόβον οὐκ ἔχουσα· καὶ νύκτας ἱερὰς τὰς Ἀντινόου προσκυνοῦσιν ἄνθρωποι νῦν, ἃς αἰσχρὰς ἠπίστατο 4.49.2 ὁ συναγρυπνήσας ἐραστής. Τί μοι θεὸν καταλέγεις τὸν πορνείᾳ τετιμημένον; τί δὲ καὶ ὡς υἱὸν θρηνεῖσθαι προσέ ταξας; τί δὲ καὶ τὸ κάλλος αὐτοῦ διηγῇ; αἰσχρόν ἐστι τὸ κάλλος ὕβρει μεμαραμμένον. Μὴ τυραννήσῃς, ἄνθρωπε, τοῦ κάλλους