18

truly by the inspiration of the Superior One, whose good servant he is proud to be, a minister of good things. 11.7 Truly convinced, O greatest emperor, that these things are most dear and acceptable to you, my present discourse wishes to reveal to all the reasons and causes of your God-loving works, praying to be an interpreter, as it were, of your mind and a messenger of your God-loving soul, teaching all things that are necessary and fitting for all to be taught, who have a desire to learn the reasons of the power of our savior God, for which reasons He, though pre-existing of old and taking care of the universe, at length came down to us from heaven, and for which reasons He put on human nature, and for which reasons He proceeded to death, and the causes of the immortal life after these things and of the revival from the dead, not only these but also rational proofs and clear teachings necessary for those still in need of them. 11.8 But indeed it is time to begin from some point among these very things. Those who have exchanged the worship of the world-making and all-sovereign God of the universe for things created by Him, honoring with the same title as their Maker and Creator the sun and moon and the other parts of the world and the primary elements, earth, water, air, fire, and calling these things gods, which were nowhere in any way, nor would they exist nor have been named, unless they had been brought into being by the world-making Word of God, do not seem to me to differ from those who, passing by the architect of the masterpieces in the royal palaces, are exceedingly struck by the ceilings and walls and the many-colored and ornate paintings on them and the gold-bearing intricate works and stone carvings, and attribute to these very things the title of the craftsman’s wisdom, when they ought not to ascribe the cause of the wonder to the things seen but only to their architect, and to confess that the many things are works of wisdom, but that he alone is wise who provided to the many the cause of their being such. 11.9 Indeed, they would differ in no way from mere infants, those who marvel at the musical instrument itself, the seven-stringed lyre, but not at the inventor of its construction and the master of its art, or those who, passing by the champion in wars, adorn his spear and shield with triumphal wreaths, or those who honor equally with the great king, the one responsible for the great and royal city, its markets and squares and buildings, its inanimate precincts and gymnasia, when they ought to be exceedingly struck not by columns nor stones but by the wise creator of great works and lawgiver. 11.10 In the same way, indeed, those viewing this whole universe with the eyes of the flesh must not attribute the cause either to the sun or to the moon or to any other of the heavenly bodies, but it is fitting to confess that all things are works of wisdom, and yet not to honor and worship them in the same way as their Maker and Creator, but from the sight of these things themselves to theologize and worship with every disposition of the soul the all-sovereign Word of God, who is no longer perceived by the eyes of the body but only by a translucent and pure mind; since in the case of a human body, no one has ever declared the eyes or head or hands or feet or the rest of the flesh of a wise and knowledgeable man to be wise, much less the outer covering of his cloak, nor are the furnishings of a house wise, nor the philosopher's serviceable implements, but every sensible person marvels at the unseen and invisible mind in the man. 11.11 For this reason, therefore, and rather than the visible intricate works of the whole cosmos, which are bodies and made from one substance, one must be exceedingly struck by the unseen and invisible Word, the very shaper and adorner of the universe, who is the only-begotten of God, whom the Maker of all things, who is beyond and above all being, having Himself begotten Him from Himself, established as leader and pilot of this universe. 11.12 For since it was not possible for the fluid substance of bodies and the nature of the recently created rational beings to approach the all-sovereign God on account of the excess of his

18

ἐπιπνοίας δὲ ἀληθῶς τοῦ κρείττονος, οὗ θεράπων ἀγαθὸς ἀγαθῶν ὑπηρέτης εἶναι σεμνύνεται. 11.7 ταῦτά σοι, βασιλεῦ μέγιστε, φίλτατα καὶ προσήγορα εἶναι ἀληθῶς πεπεισμένος, τῶν σῶν φιλοθέων ἔργων τοὺς λόγους καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ὁ παρών μοι λόγος εἰς τοὺς πάντας ἐκφῆναι βούλεται, ὑφερμηνευτής τις εἶναι τῆς σῆς διανοίας καὶ τῆς φιλοθέου ψυχῆς ἄγγελος ὑπάρχειν εὐχόμενος, διδάσκων πάντα ἃ δεῖ καὶ προσήκει παιδεύεσθαι πάντα, ᾧ πόθος ἐστὶ μανθάνειν τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ δυνάμεως τοὺς λόγους, δι' οὓς καὶ πάλαι προὼν καὶ τοῦ παντὸς ἐπιμελόμενος ὀψέ ποτε οὐρανόθεν εἰς ἡμᾶς κατῄει, καὶ δι' οὓς φύσιν ἀνθρωπείαν ὑπεδύετο, καὶ δι' οὓς ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον παρῄει, τῆς τε μετὰ ταῦτα ζωῆς ἀθανάτου καὶ τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναβιώσεως τὰς αἰτίας οὐ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ λογικὰς ἀποδείξεις ἐναργῆ τε διδάγματα τοῖς εἰσέτι τούτων δεομένοις ἀναγκαῖα. 11.8 ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ τούτων αὐτῶν ἐνθένδε ποθὲν ἄρξασθαι ὥρα. οἱ τὸ σέβας τοῦ κοσμοποιοῦ καὶ πανηγεμόνος θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων τοῖς πρὸς αὐτοῦ γεννηθεῖσιν ἀντικαταλλαξάμενοι ἥλιόν τε καὶ σελήνην καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τοῦ κόσμου μέρη τά τε πρῶτα στοιχεῖα, γῆν, ὕδωρ, ἀέρα, πῦρ, τῇ ἴσῃ προσηγορίᾳ τῷ τούτων ποιητῇ καὶ δημιουργῷ τιμήσαντες καὶ θεοὺς ταῦτα προσειπόντες, ἃ οὐδαμῆ οὐδαμῶς ἦν, οὐδ' ὑπῆρχεν ἂν οὐδ' ὠνόμαστο, εἰ μὴ τῷ κοσμοποιῷ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγῳ παρέστη, οὔ μοι δοκοῦσι τούτων διαφέρειν, ὅσοι τὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα τῶν ἐν τοῖς βασιλικοῖς οἴκοις μεγαλουργημάτων παριόντες ὀρόφους καὶ τοίχους καὶ τὰς ἐν τούτοις πολυχρώμους καὶ πολυανθεῖς γραφὰς χρυσόφορα τε δαιδάλματα καὶ λίθων γλυφὰς ὑπερεκπλήττονται, τούτοις τε αὐτοῖς τῆς τοῦ τεχνίτου σοφίας ἀνατίθενται τὴν ἐπηγορίαν, δέον μὴ τοῖς ὁρωμένοις μόνῳ δὲ τῷ τούτων ἀρχιτέκτονι τὴν τοῦ θαύματος ἐπιγράφειν αἰτίαν, καὶ σοφίας ἔργα τὰ πολλὰ εἶναι ὁμολογεῖν σοφὸν δ' ἐκεῖνον μόνον τὸν δὴ τοῖς πολλοῖς τοῦ τοιαδὶ εἶναι παρασχόντα αἰτίαν. 11.9 νηπίων γοῦν κομιδῆ παίδων διαφέροιεν ἂν οὐδὲν καὶ οἱ τῆς ἑπταχόρδου λύρας αὐτὸ δὴ τὸ μουσικὸν ὄργανον ἀλλ' οὐ τὸν τῆς συντάξεως εὑρέτην τε καὶ ἐπιστήμονα τῆς σοφίας ἀποθαυμάζοντες, ἢ οἱ τὸν ἐν πολέμοις ἀριστέα παριόντες τὸ δὲ δόρυ καὶ τὴν ἀσπίδα ἐπινικίοις κοσμοῦντες στεφάνοις, ἢ οἱ τῷ μεγάλῳ βασιλεῖ τῷ τῆς μεγάλης καὶ βασιλικῆς παραιτίῳ πόλεως ἐξ ἴσου τιμῶντες ἀγορὰς καὶ πλατείας καὶ οἰκοδομήματα τεμένη τε ἄψυχα καὶ γυμνάσια, δέον μὴ κίονας μηδὲ λίθους τὸν δὲ τῶν σοφῶν μεγαλουργὸν καὶ νομοθέτην ὑπερεκπλήττεσθαι. 11.10 κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ σύμπαν τόδε σαρκὸς ὀφθαλμοῖς θεωμένους οὔτε ἡλίῳ οὔτε σελήνῃ οὔτ' ἄλλῳ τῶν κατ' οὐρανὸν ἀναθετέον τὴν αἰτίαν, σοφίας δ' ἔργα τὰ πάντα προσῆκον ὁμολογεῖν, μηδὲ μὴν ὁμοίως τῷ τούτων ποιητῇ τε καὶ δημιουργῷ τιμᾶν τε καὶ σέβειν, ἐκ δὲ τούτων αὐτῶν τῆς ὄψεως τὸν μηκέτι σώματος ὀφθαλμοῖς μόνῳ δὲ νῷ διαυγεῖ καὶ καθαρῷ νοούμενον τὸν παμβασιλέα θεοῦ λόγον πάσῃ διαθέσει ψυχῆς θεολογεῖν τε καὶ προσκυνεῖν· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου σώματι οὐδεὶς πώποτε τοῦ σοφοῦ καὶ ἐπιστήμονος ὀφθαλμοὺς ἢ κεφαλὴν ἢ χεῖρας ἢ πόδας ἢ τὰς λοιπὰς σάρκας, πολλοῦ δεῖ τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ τρίβωνος περιβολὴν σοφὴν ἀνηγόρευσεν, οὐδὲ σοφὰ τῆς οἰκίας τὰ ἔπιπλα οὐδὲ τοῦ φιλοσόφου τὰ ὑπηρετικὰ σκεύη, τὸν δ' ἀφανῆ καὶ ἀόρατον ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ νοῦν πᾶς τις ἔμφρων θαυμάζει. 11.11 ταύτῃ τοι καὶ μᾶλλον πρὸ τῶν ὁρωμένων δαιδαλμάτων τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου, σωμάτων ὄντων καὶ ἐκ μιᾶς ὕλης πεποιημένων, τὸν ἀφανῆ καὶ ἀόρατον λόγον τὸν δὴ τοῦ παντὸς εἰδοποιόν τε καὶ κοσμήτορα ὑπερεκπληκτέον, ὄντα τοῦ θεοῦ μονογενῆ, ὃν ὁ τῶν ὅλων ποιητὴς ὁ πάσης ἐπέκεινα καὶ ἀνωτάτω οὐσίας αὐτὸς ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεννήσας ἡγεμόνα καὶ κυβερνήτην τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς κατεστήσατο. 11.12 ἐπεὶ γὰρ μὴ οἷόν τε ἦν τὴν ῥευστὴν τῶν σωμάτων οὐσίαν τήν τε τῶν ἄρτι γενομένων λογικῶν φύσιν τῷ πανηγεμόνι θεῷ πελάζειν δι' ὑπερβολὴν τῆς