18

of its shining forth; but now that the word of salvation has been poured forth, and has become especially powerful among us, to attempt to alter and disturb the affairs of the Christians, was nothing other than to shake the Roman dominion, and to endanger the whole commonwealth, and to suffer at our own hands such things as not even our enemies would pray to befall us, and of this new and wonderful philosophy and kingdom, by which we are prosperous, and have returned to that golden age and state, the one free from sedition and strife.

ΟΕʹ. Or was it that a public post tolerably well administered, and a remission of taxes, and a selection of magistrates, and a punishment of thefts, and all the other things of a temporary and momentary felicity and show, were going to furnish a great benefit to the commonwealth, and that our ears had to be buzzed with the praises of these things; but that peoples and cities in sedition, and races torn asunder, and households divided, and marriages sundered, all of which were likely to follow that evil, and indeed did follow it exceedingly, were either most excellent for his reputation, or for the safety of the commonwealth? And yet who is so prone to impiety, or so devoid of common sense, as to agree with this? For just as in bodies, when one or two members are in a weaker condition, the rest bear up not 35.601 with difficulty, and the good of health is preserved by the greater part, by which perhaps even those members might return to a better state; but when the greater part is in sedition and in a bitter state, there is no way for the whole not to be in a bad way, and such a thing is already a clear danger; so also among subjects it happens that individual sicknesses are concealed by the better condition of the commonwealth; but when the majority are in a corrupt state, there is danger for the whole. Which, it seems to me, anyone else would see, even among those who vehemently hate us at the present time, and with so great an increase of Christians. But his wickedness has darkened his reasoning; and for this reason he weaves his persecution for the small and the great alike.

Οςʹ. That, then, was extremely boyish and frivolous, and not worthy of a man who was an emperor, nor indeed of any other person of even moderately sound mind, that, thinking our disposition would follow the change of name, or at least to shame us as though accused of something most shameful, he immediately made an innovation regarding our title, naming us Galileans instead of Christians and legislating that we be so called; showing by his action that the name of Christ is the greatest and most honorable thing for glory, from the fact that he devised to deprive us of it; or at least fearing the power of the name, like the demons, and for this reason changing to another name that was neither customary nor familiar.

ΟΖʹ. But we will not disturb their names for them; for there is nothing else more ridiculous to which we could change them, the Phalli, and the Ithyphalli, and the Black-bottoms, and the Bottomless, and the goat-footed one, and the revered Pan, the one god from all the suitors, who received his name from the outrage, as was fitting. For one must either, among them, wrong one most excellent god into many, or from many become one most shameful god; therefore we shall not begrudge them either their practices or their 35.604 names; but let them enjoy their own folly, and pride themselves on the most shameful things; and if they wish, we will also grant them the Ox-slayer, and the Thrice-evening one, so that we may gratify them even more; the one who was both so begotten, and who begets magnificently, and who performed a thirteenth labor, in one night, with the fifty daughters of Thestius, so that from these things he might be named a god; since for those wishing to innovate in such matters, there are many names against him from his own actions that are both more shameful and more appropriate for Christians. For what would prevent us also from retorting in kind to the emperor of the Romans, or as he thought, of the world, deluded as he was

18

ἐκλάμψεως· νῦν δὲ ἤδη τοῦ σωτηρίου λόγου χεθέντος, καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς μάλιστα δυναστεύσαντος, τὸ πειρᾶσθαι τὰ Χριστιανῶν μετατιθέναι καὶ παρακινεῖν, οὐδὲν ἕτε ρον ἦν ἢ τὴν Ῥωμαίων παρασαλεύειν ἀρχὴν, καὶ τῷ κοινῷ παντὶ κινδυνεύειν, καὶ ὧν οὐδ' ἂν οἱ ἐχθροὶ χεῖρόν τι καθ' ἡμῶν εὔξαιντο, ταῦτα πάσχειν ὑφ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῆς νέας ταύτης καὶ θαυμαστῆς φιλοσοφίας καὶ βασιλείας, ὑφ' ἧς ἡμεῖς εὐδαίμονες, καὶ πρὸς τὴν χρυσῆν ἐκείνην γενεάν τε καὶ πολιτείαν ἐπανεληλύθαμεν, τὴν ἀστασίαστόν τε καὶ ἄμαχον.

ΟΕʹ. Ἢ δρόμος μὲν ἀνεκτῶς διοικούμενος, καὶ φόρων ἄνεσις, καὶ ἀρχόντων ἐκλογὴ, καὶ κλο πῶν ἐπιτίμησις, καὶ τἄλλα ὅσα τῆς προσκαίρου καὶ ἀκαριαίας μακαριότητος καὶ φαντασίας, μεγάλην ἔμελλε τῷ κοινῷ παρέξειν τὴν ὠφέλειαν, καὶ περι θρυλλεῖσθαι ἡμῶν ἔδει τὰ ὦτα τούτων ἐπαινουμέ νων· δῆμοι δὲ στασιάζοντες καὶ πόλεις, καὶ γένη ῥηγνύμενα, καὶ οἰκίαι διιστάμεναι, καὶ συζυγίαι σχι ζόμεναι, ἃ τῷ κακῷ πάντα ἦν εἰκὸς ἀκολουθεῖν ἐκείνῳ, καὶ μέντοι καὶ ἠκολούθησε σφόδρα, ἢ πρὸς εὐδοξίαν ἐκείνῳ κάλλιστα εἶχεν, ἢ τῷ κοινῷ πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν; Καίτοι τίς οὕτως ἢ πρὸς ἀσέβειαν εὔκολος, ἢ τῶν κοινῶν ἔξω λογισμῶν, ὅστις ἂν ταῦτα συμφήσειεν; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς σώμασιν, ἑνὸς μὲν ἢ δυοῖν μελῶν ἀσθενέστερον διακειμένων, οὐ 35.601 χαλεπῶς ἀναφέρει τὰ λοιπὰ, καὶ συντηρεῖται τὸ τῆς ὑγιείας ἀγαθὸν τῷ πλείονι, ᾧ τάχα ἂν κἀκεῖνα πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον ἐπανέλθοι· τοῦ δὲ πλείονος στασιά ζοντος καὶ πικρῶς ἔχοντος, οὐδὲ μία μηχανὴ μὴ τὸ πᾶν ἔχειν κακῶς, καὶ κίνδυνος ἤδη τὸ τοιοῦτο σαφής· οὕτω κἀν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις τὰς μὲν καθ' ἕκα στον ἀῤῥωστίας συμβαίνει τῷ κοινῷ κρύπτεσθαι κρεῖσσον ἔχοντι· τῶν πλειόνων δὲ σαθρῶς ἐχόν των, τῷ παντὶ κίνδυνος. Ὅ μοι δοκεῖ ἄλλον μὲν ἂν ἰδεῖν, καὶ τῶν σφόδρα μισούντων ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ, καὶ τῇ τοσαύτῃ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἐπιδόσει. Τοῦ δὲ ἡ πονηρία τοῖς λογισμοῖς ἐπεσκότισε· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μικροῖς τε ὁμοίως καὶ μείζοσι πλέκει τὸν διωγμόν.

Οςʹ. Ἐκεῖνο μὲν οὖν καὶ σφόδρα μειρακιῶδες καὶ κοῦφον, καὶ οὐχ ὅπως βασιλέως ἀνδρὸς, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἄλ λου τινὸς τῶν καὶ μετρίως στιβαρῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, ὅτι, τῇ μεταθέσει τῆς κλήσεως ἕψεσθαι νομίσας τὴν ἡμετέραν διάθεσιν, ἢ αἰσχυνεῖν γε ἡμᾶς ὥσπερ τι τῶν αἰσχίστων ἐγκαλουμένους, εὐθὺς καινοτομεῖ περὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν, Γαλιλαίους ἀντὶ Χριστιανῶν ὀνομάσας τε καὶ καλεῖσθαι νομοθετήσας· ἔργῳ δηλῶν, ὅτι μέγιστον εἰς δόξαν καὶ τιμιώτα τον ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ κλῆσις, ἐξ ὧν ἀποστερῆσαι ταύτης ἡμᾶς ἐπενόησεν· ἢ φοβούμενός γε τὴν δύνα μιν τῆς προσηγορίας, ὥσπερ οἱ δαίμονες, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μεταβαίνων ἐφ' ἕτερον ὄνομα τῶν οὐκ εἰωθό των οὐδὲ γνωρίμων.

ΟΖʹ. Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ παρακινήσομεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὀνό ματα· οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστιν εἰς ὅ τι μεταθείημεν ἂν ἄλλο γελοιότερον, τοὺς φαλλοὺς, καὶ τοὺς ἰθυφάλλους, καὶ τοὺς μελαμπύγους, καὶ τοὺς ἀπύγους, καὶ τὸν τραγόπουν, καὶ τὸν σεμνὸν Πᾶνα, τὸν ἐκ πάντων μνηστήρων ἕνα θεὸν, καὶ ὄνομα λαβόντα τὴν ὕβριν, ὥσπερ ἦν ἄξιον. ∆εῖ γὰρ ἢ ἀδικεῖν παρ' ἐκείνοις εἰς πολλὰς ἕνα καὶ τὸν κράτιστον, ἢ ἐκ πολλῶν γίνεσθαι καὶ τὸν αἴσχιστον· οὐκοῦν φθονήσομεν αὐτοῖς οὔτε τῶν πραγμάτων οὔτε τῶν 35.604 ὀνομάτων· ἀλλ' ἀπολαυέτωσαν τῆς ἑαυτῶν εὐηθείας, καὶ τοῖς αἰσχίστοις ἐγκαλλωπιζέσθωσαν· εἰ βούλοιντο δὲ, καὶ τὸν Βουθοίναν παρήσομεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὸν Τριέσπερον, ἵνα καὶ μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς χαρισώμεθα· τὸν καὶ γεννώμενον οὕτω, καὶ γεννῶντα μεγαλοπρε πῶς, καὶ ἆθλον ποιησάμενον τρισκαιδέκατον, ἐν μιᾷ νυκτὶ, τὰς Θεστίου πεντήκοντα θυγατέρας, ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ὀνομασθῇ θεός· ἐπεὶ βουλομένοις γε τὰ τοιαῦτα καινοτομεῖν, καὶ πολλαὶ κατ' ἐκείνου κλήσεις ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνου Χριστιανοῖς αἰσχίους τε ἅμα καὶ οἰκειοτέραι. Τί γὰρ ἂν κωλύσειε καὶ ἡμᾶς τῷ βασιλεῖ κατὰ τὸ ἴσον ἀντιπαίζοντας Ῥωμαίων, ὡς δὲ ᾤετο, καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης, ἠπατημένος