Nor insult the blooming youth; keep it pure, that it may be beautiful. Become a king of beauty, not a tyrant; let it remain free; then I will recognize your beauty, when you have kept the image pure; then I will worship the 4.49.3 beauty, when it is a true archetype of beautiful things. But now it is the tomb of the beloved, it is the temple of Antinous and a city; and just as, I think, the temples, so also the tombs are admired, pyramids and mausoleums and labyrinths, other temples of the dead, as those are tombs of the gods. 4.50.1 And I will set before you as a teacher the prophetess Sibyl, who delivers oracles not of false Phoebus, whom foolish men called a god, and falsely named a prophet, but of the great God, whom the hands of men did not fashion, like voiceless, stone-hewn idols. 4.50.2 She, however, calls the temples ruins, foretelling that the temple of Ephesian Artemis will be swallowed up "by chasms and earthquakes" thus, and prostrate Ephesus will wail, weeping by its banks and seeking the temple that is no longer inhabited; 4.50.3 and she says that the temple of Isis and Sarapis in Egypt will be thrown down and burned; Isis, thrice-wretched goddess, you remain by the streams of the Nile, alone, a speechless maenad on the sands of Acheron, then continuing; And you, Sarapis, overlaid with many unworked stones, you lie a mighty ruin in thrice-wretched Egypt. 4.50.4 But if you do not listen to the prophetess, listen at least to your philosopher, Heraclitus of Ephesus, as he reproaches the statues for their lack of sensation; "and to these statues 4.50.5 they pray, just as if someone were to chatter with houses". For are they not monstrous, who turn to stones, and then indeed set them up before their gates as if they were effective? They worship Hermes as a god and set up the Agyieus as a doorkeeper. For if they insult them as being without sensation, why do they worship them as gods? But if they think they partake of sensation, why do they set them up 4.51.1 as doorkeepers? But the Romans, ascribing their greatest successes to Fortune and considering her the greatest goddess, carried her and set her up in the dung-pit, having assigned a worthy temple, the latrine, to the goddess. 4.51.2 For senseless stone and wood and rich gold care for nothing, not for the savor of burnt offerings, not for blood, not for smoke, by which being honored and filled with smoke they are blackened; nor for honor, nor for insult; but they are more dishonored than any animal, the 4.51.3 statues. And how the senseless things have been deified, it comes to me to be at a loss and to pity the wretched ones for their folly in being deceived; for even if some animals do not have all the senses, such as maggots and caterpillars and whatever appears maimed straight from its first birth, like moles and the shrew-mouse, which Nicander calls "both blind and dreadful 4.51.4"; yet they are better than these wooden images and statues that are completely deaf; for they have at least some one sense, say, hearing or touch or one analogous to smell or taste; but the statues partake of not one 4.51.5 sense. And there are many animals which have neither sight nor hearing nor voice, such as the race of oysters, but yet they live and grow, and moreover they are affected by the moon; but the statues are idle, inactive, senseless, they are bound and nailed and fastened, they are cast, filed, sawn, planed, 4.51.6 carved. Indeed, the statue-makers outrage the deaf earth, altering it from its own nature, persuading men by their art to worship it; but the god-makers worship not gods and demons, in my opinion at least, but earth and art, which is what statues are. For in truth a statue is dead matter shaped by the hand of a craftsman; but for us the image is not a perceptible thing of perceptible matter, but intelligible. Intelligible, not perceptible, is [the image] God, the only truly existing God. 4.52.1 And indeed on the contrary in the very circumstances, the superstitious, those of the
μηδὲ ἐνυβρίσῃς ἀνθοῦντι τῷ νέῳ· τήρησον αὐτὸ καθαρόν, ἵνα ᾖ καλόν. Βασιλεὺς τοῦ κάλλους γενοῦ, μὴ τύραννος· ἐλεύθερον μεινάτω· τότε σου γνωρίσω τὸ κάλλος, ὅτε καθαρὰν τετήρηκας τὴν εἰκόνα· τότε προσκυνήσω τὸ 4.49.3 κάλλος, ὅτε ἀληθινὸν ἀρχέτυπόν ἐστι τῶν καλῶν. Ἤδη δὲ τάφος ἐστὶ τοῦ ἐρωμένου, νεώς ἐστιν Ἀντινόου καὶ πόλις· καθάπερ δέ, οἶμαι, οἱ ναοί, οὕτω δὲ καὶ οἱ τάφοι θαυμά ζονται, πυραμίδες καὶ μαυσώλεια καὶ λαβύρινθοι, ἄλλοι ναοὶ τῶν νεκρῶν, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι τάφοι τῶν θεῶν. 4.50.1 ∆ιδάσκαλον δὲ ὑμῖν παραθήσομαι τὴν προφῆτιν Σίβυλλαν οὐ ψευδοῦς Φοίβου χρησμηγόρον, ὅν τε μάταιοι ἄνθρωποι θεὸν εἶπον, ἐπεψεύσαντο δὲ μάντιν, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλοιο, τὸν οὐ χέρες ἔπλασαν ἀνδρῶν εἰδώλοις ἀλάλοις λιθοξέστοισιν ὅμοιον. 4.50.2 Αὕτη μέντοι ἐρείπια τοὺς νεὼς προσαγορεύει, τὸν μὲν τῆς Ἐφεσίας Ἀρτέμιδος "χάσμασι καὶ σεισμοῖς" καταποθήσεσθαι προμηνύουσα οὕτως, ὕπτια δ' οἰμῴξει Ἔφεσος κλαίουσα παρ' ὄχθαις καὶ νηὸν ζητοῦσα τὸν οὐκέτι ναιετάοντα· 4.50.3 τὸν δὲ Ἴσιδος καὶ Σαράπιδος ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ κατενεχθήσεσθαί φησι καὶ ἐμπρησθήσεσθαι· Ἶσι, θεὰ τριτάλαινα, μένεις ἐπὶ χεύματα Νείλου μούνη, μαινὰς ἄναυδος ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις Ἀχέροντος, εἶτα ὑποβᾶσα· καὶ σύ, Σάραπι λίθους ἀργοὺς ἐπικείμενε πολλούς, κεῖσαι πτῶμα μέγιστον ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ τριταλαίνῃ. 4.50.4 Σὺ δὲ ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ προφήτιδος ἐπακούεις, τοῦ γε σοῦ ἄκουσον φιλοσόφου, τοῦ Ἐφεσίου Ἡρακλείτου, τὴν ἀναισθησίαν ὀνειδίζοντος τοῖς ἀγάλμασι· "καὶ τοῖς ἀγάλμασι τουτέοισιν 4.50.5 εὔχονται, ὁκοῖον εἴ τις δόμοις λεσχηνεύοιτο". Ἦ γὰρ οὐχὶ τερατώδεις οἱ λίθους προστρεπόμενοι, εἶτα μέντοι καὶ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἱστάντες αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐνεργεῖς; Ἑρμῆν προσ κυνοῦσιν ὡς θεὸν καὶ τὸν Ἀγυιέα θυρωρὸν ἱστάντες. Εἰ γὰρ ὡς ἀναισθήτους ὑβρίζουσιν, τί προσκυνοῦσιν ὡς θεούς; Εἰ δὲ αἰσθήσεως αὐτοὺς μετέχειν οἴονται, τί τούτους 4.51.1 ἱστᾶσι θυρωρούς; Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ τὰ μέγιστα κατορθώματα τῇ Τύχῃ ἀνατιθέντες καὶ ταύτην μεγίστην οἰόμενοι θεόν, φέροντες εἰς τὸν κοπρῶνα ἀνέθηκαν αὐτήν, ἄξιον νεὼν τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα νείμαντες τῇ θεῷ. 4.51.2 Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀναισθήτῳ λίθῳ καὶ ξύλῳ καὶ χρυσίῳ πλουσίῳ οὐθ' ὁτιοῦν μέλει, οὐ κνίσης, οὐχ αἵματος, οὐ καπνοῦ, ᾧ δὴ τιμώμενοι καὶ τυφόμενοι ἐκμελαίνονται· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τιμῆς, οὐχ ὕβρεως· τὰ δὲ καὶ παντός ἐστιν ἀτιμότερα ζῴου, τὰ 4.51.3 ἀγάλματα. Καὶ ὅπως γε τεθείασται τὰ ἀναίσθητα, ἀπορεῖν ἔπεισί μοι καὶ κατελεεῖν τοὺς πλανωμένους τῆς ἀνοίας ὡς δειλαίους· εἰ γὰρ καί τινα τῶν ζῴων οὐχὶ πάσας ἔχει τὰς αἰσθήσεις, ὥσπερ εὐλαὶ καὶ κάμπαι καὶ ὅσα διὰ τῆς πρώτης γενέσεως εὐθὺς ἀνάπηρα φαίνεται, καθάπερ οἱ σπάλακες καὶ ἡ μυγαλῆ, ἥν φησιν ὁ Νίκανδρος "τυφλήν τε σμερδνήν 4.51.4 τε"· ἀλλά γε ἀμείνους εἰσὶ τῶν ξοάνων τούτων καὶ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων τέλεον ὄντων κωφῶν· ἔχουσιν γὰρ αἴσθησιν μίαν γέ τινα, φέρε εἰπεῖν ἀκουστικὴν ἢ ἁπτικὴν ἢ τὴν ἀναλογοῦσαν τῇ ὀσφρήσει ἢ τῇ γεύσει· τὰ δὲ οὐδὲ μιᾶς 4.51.5 αἰσθήσεως μετέχει, τὰ ἀγάλματα. Πολλὰ δέ ἐστι τῶν ζῴων, ὅσα οὐδὲ ὅρασιν ἔχει οὔτε ἀκοὴν οὔτε μὴν φωνήν, οἷον καὶ τὸ τῶν ὀστρέων γένος, ἀλλὰ ζῇ γε καὶ αὔξεται, πρὸς δὲ καὶ τῇ σελήνῃ συμπάσχει· τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα ἀργά, ἄπρακτα, ἀναίσθητα, προσδεῖται καὶ προσκαθηλοῦται καὶ προσπήγνυται, χωνεύεται, ῥινᾶται, πρίεται, περιξέεται, 4.51.6 γλύφεται. Κωφὴν μὲν δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζουσιν οἱ ἀγαλματο ποιοί, τῆς οἰκείας ἐξιστάντες φύσεως, ὑπὸ τῆς τέχνης προσκυνεῖν ἀναπείθοντες· προσκυνοῦσιν δὲ οἱ θεοποιοὶ οὐ θεοὺς καὶ δαίμονας κατά γε αἴσθησιν τὴν ἐμήν, γῆν δὲ καὶ τέχνην, τὰ ἀγάλματα ὅπερ ἐστίν. Ἔστιν γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς τὸ ἄγαλμα ὕλη νεκρὰ τεχνίτου χειρὶ μεμορφωμένη· ἡμῖν δὲ οὐχ ὕλης αἰσθητῆς αἰσθητόν, νοητὸν δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν. Νοητόν, οὐκ αἰσθητόν ἐστι [τὸ ἄγαλμα] ὁ θεός, ὁ μόνος ὄντως θεός. 4.52.1 Καὶ δὴ ἔμπαλιν ἐν αὐταῖς που ταῖς περιστάσεσιν οἱ δεισιδαίμονες, οἱ τῶν