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teachers? And what need is there to speak of teachers and prophets, when they even slaughtered their own sons? For they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons. They ignored nature, and were they going to observe days? Tell me; they trampled on kinship, they forgot their children, they forgot the very God who made them; For, it says, you have forsaken the God who begot you, and have forgotten God who nourishes you; they forsook God, and were they going to keep feasts? And who would say this? Since Christ also for this reason celebrated the Passover with them, not so that we might celebrate it with them, but so that He might bring the truth to the shadow. For He both endured circumcision, and observed Sabbaths, and celebrated feasts, and ate unleavened bread, and did all these things in Jerusalem. But we are subject to none of these things, but Paul cries out, saying: If you are circumcised, Christ will be of no advantage to you. And concerning the unleavened bread again: Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. For our unleavened bread is not kneaded flour, but a sincere manner of life, and a virtuous life.

δʹ. For what reason then did Christ do this? Because the old Passover was a type of that which was to come, and the truth had to be placed upon the type, first showing the shadow, He then brought the truth to the table; and when the truth was brought in, the shadow then is hidden, and has no place. Do not, therefore, bring this forward, but show me that Christ commanded us to do so. For I show the contrary, that not only did He not command us to observe days, but He also released us from this necessity. Hear, at any rate, what Paul says; and when I say Paul, I mean Christ; for it is He who moves the soul of Paul. What then does he say? You observe days and months and seasons and years. I am afraid for you, lest I have labored for you in vain. And again, As often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death. And by saying "as often," He made the one who approaches master, 48.867 having freed him from all observation of days. For Passover and Lent are not the same, but Passover is one thing, and Lent is another. For Lent occurs once a year, but Passover three times a week; and sometimes even four, or rather, as often as we wish; for Passover is not a fast, but the offering and the sacrifice that takes place at each assembly. And that this is so, hear Paul saying, For Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us; and, As often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death. Therefore, as often as you approach with a clean conscience, you celebrate Passover, not when you fast, but when you partake of that sacrifice. For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death. And Passover is to proclaim the death. For the offering made today, and the one celebrated yesterday, and the one each day is like and the same as the one made on that day of the Sabbath, and that one is in no way more venerable than this, nor this one more insignificant than that, but one and the same, equally awesome and salvific. For what reason, then, he says, do we fast for these forty days? In old times many used to approach the mysteries carelessly and at random, and especially during this season, in which Christ handed them down. The fathers, therefore, aware of the harm resulting from this careless approach, came together and established forty days of fasting, of prayers, of hearing, of assemblies, so that during these days all of us, having been cleansed with diligence through prayers, and through almsgiving, and through fasting, and through all-night vigils, and through tears, and through confession, and through all other things, might so approach with a clean conscience according to our ability. And that they achieved a great thing, through this condescension into a custom

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διδασκάλους; Καὶ τί χρὴ λέγειν διδασκάλους καὶ προφήτας, ὅπουγε καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν κατέσφαξαν; Ἔθυσαν γὰρ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν τοῖς δαιμονίοις. Τὴν φύσιν ἠγνόησαν, καὶ ἡμέρας ἤμελλον παρατηρεῖν; εἰπέ μοι· τὴν συγγένειαν κατεπάτησαν, τῶν τέκνων ἐπελάθοντο, αὐτοῦ τοῦ πεποιηκότος αὐτοὺς Θεοῦ ἐπελάθοντο· Θεὸν γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν γεννήσαντά σε ἐγκατέλιπες, καὶ ἐπελάθου Θεοῦ τοῦ τρέφοντός σε· τὸν Θεὸν ἐγκατέλιπον, καὶ ἑορτὰς φυλάττειν ἤμελλον; καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο εἴποι; Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς διὰ τοῦτο μετ' αὐτῶν τὸ πάσχα ἐποίησεν, οὐχ ἵνα ποιῶμεν ἡμεῖς μετ' ἐκείνων, ἀλλ' ἵνα τῇ σκιᾷ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπαγάγῃ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ περιτομὴν ὑπέμεινε, καὶ σάββατα ἐτήρησε, καὶ ἑορτὰς ἐπετέλεσε, καὶ ἄζυμα ἔφαγε, καὶ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ταῦτα ἔπραξεν ἅπαντα. Ἀλλ' οὐδενὶ τούτων ἡμεῖς ὑποκείμεθα, ἀλλὰ βοᾷ Παῦλος λέγων· Ἐὰν περιτέμνησθε, Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει. Καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀζύμων πάλιν· Ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν, μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ, μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας. Ἡμῶν γὰρ τὰ ἄζυμα οὐκ ἄλευρον πεφυραμένον, ἀλλ' εἰλικρινὴς πολιτεία, καὶ βίος ἐνάρετος.

δʹ. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐποίησεν ὁ Χριστὸς τότε; Ἐπειδὴ τὸ παλαιὸν πάσχα τύπος ἦν τοῦ μέλλοντος ἔσεσθαι, ἔδει δὲ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπιτεθῆναι τῷ τύπῳ, πρότερον δείξας τὴν σκιὰν, τότε ἐπήγαγε τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης· τῆς ἀληθείας δὲ ἐπενεχθείσης, ἡ σκιὰ λοιπὸν ἀποκρύπτεται, καὶ οὐδὲ καιρὸν ἔχει. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο προβάλλου, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνό μοι δεῖξον, ὅτι οὕτως ἐκέλευσε ποιεῖν ὁ Χριστός. Ἐγὼ γὰρ τοὐναντίον δείκνυμι, ὅτι οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐκέλευσε παρατηρεῖν ἡμέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπέλυσεν ἡμᾶς τῆς ἀνάγκης ταύτης. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί φησιν ὁ Παῦλος· ὅταν δὲ τὸν Παῦλον εἴπω, τὸν Χριστὸν λέγω· ἐκεῖνος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ τὴν Παύλου κινῶν ψυχήν. Τί οὖν οὗτός φησιν; Ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθε καὶ μῆνας καὶ καιροὺς καὶ ἐνιαυτούς. Φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς, μήπως εἰκῆ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς. Καὶ πάλιν, Ὁσάκις ἂν ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον, καὶ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε. Ὁσάκις δὲ εἰπὼν, κύριον ἐποίησε τὸν προσιόντα, 48.867 πάσης ἡμερῶν παρατηρήσεως ἀπαλλάξας αὐτόν. Οὐ γὰρ ταὐτὸν πάσχα καὶ τεσσαρακοστὴ, ἀλλ' ἕτερον πάσχα, καὶ ἕτερον τεσσαρακοστή. Τεσσαρακοστὴ μὲν γὰρ ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ γίνεται, πάσχα δὲ τρίτον τῆς ἑβδομάδος· ἔστι δ' ὅτε καὶ τέταρτον, μᾶλλον δὲ ὁσάκις ἂν βουλώμεθα· πάσχα γὰρ οὐ νηστεία ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ἡ προσφορὰ καὶ ἡ θυσία ἡ καθ' ἑκάστην γινομένη σύναξιν. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἄκουσον τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος, Τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός· καὶ, Ὁσάκις ἂν ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον, καὶ τὸ ποτήριον πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε. Ὥστε ὁσάκις ἂν προσίῃς μετὰ καθαροῦ συνειδότος, πάσχα ἐπιτελεῖς, οὐχ ὅταν νηστεύῃς, ἀλλ' ὅταν τῆς θυσίας ἐκείνης μετέχῃς. Ὁσάκις γὰρ ἂν ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον, καὶ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε. Πάσχα δέ ἐστι τὸ τὸν θάνατον καταγγέλλειν. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ σήμερον γινομένη προσφορὰ, καὶ ἡ χθὲς ἐπιτελεσθεῖσα, καὶ ἡ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ὁμοία ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ γινομένῃ κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην τὴν τοῦ Σαββάτου, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐκείνη ταύτης σεμνοτέρα, οὐδὲ αὕτη ἐκείνης εὐτελεστέρα, ἀλλὰ μία καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ, ὁμοίως φρικτὴ καὶ σωτήριος. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν νηστεύομεν, φησὶ, τὰς τεσσαράκοντα ταύτας ἡμέρας; Πολλοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν τοῖς μυστηρίοις προσῄεσαν ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε, καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον, καθ' ὃν ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτὰ παρέδωκε. Συνειδότες οὖν οἱ πατέρες τὴν βλάβην τὴν γινομένην ἐκ τῆς ἠμελημένης προσόδου, συνελθόντες ἐτύπωσαν ἡμέρας τεσσαράκοντα νηστείας, εὐχῶν, ἀκροάσεως, συνόδων, ἵν' ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις καθαρθέντες μετ' ἀκριβείας ἅπαντες καὶ δι' εὐχῶν, καὶ δι' ἐλεημοσύνης, καὶ διὰ νηστείας, καὶ διὰ παννυχίδων, καὶ διὰ δακρύων, καὶ δι' ἐξομολογήσεως, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, οὕτω κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἡμετέραν μετὰ καθαροῦ συνειδότος προσίωμεν. Καὶ ὅτι μέγα κατώρθωσαν, διὰ τῆς συγκαταβάσεως ταύτης εἰς συνήθειαν