you, O king; the more abundantly you pour out benefits upon us, the more you increase by being filled. From this, no one has been left out of such wealth of goodness, but both he who is brilliant in speech and he who is obscure in craft, both he who is skilled in language and he who has not conversed with words, both those near and those far away, all together have drunk from your streams. This is something one would not find, if he searched, to have happened in former times, but if an ambitious nature prepared any of the ancient kings to do good, it confined such virtue to those within the court. But those in the several cities were no less deprived of everything than before, but you the man from the far north has known without seeing, and the man of the east and of the west. And upon all you pour out your benefit abundantly, but especially upon as many as have been zealous for learning and have intensely applied themselves to philosophy; for, emulating all noble things, O king, you have honored this above all, because it is both first and better than the others. And what is more marvelous, is that the soldier has recognized you as a soldier, and the general knows that he knows this one thing, generalship, and the judge calls you a lawgiver, and the orator a Demosthenes, and the philosopher a Plato; for according to the occasions you handle each matter in the best way, so as now to compose your speech well and to use an approved and rousing style, and now a grave one, looking inward, and now loving beauty in words, and now gravity and thoughtfulness in concepts. Thus, then, God fashioned you like a statue from each of the best things and joined you together from opposites, giving you a lofty spirit and a contrite soul, unswerving reason, a most steadfast mind, and the ability to change with the times and a judgment altered for the better, a royal nature and unspeakable moderation. You both adorn your thoughts with your diction and dignify your diction with your mind, you have practiced eloquence, and have loved depth of thought, and have longed for the natures of the sciences, you both keep the scales of justice unwavering and pour out the springs of friendship upon the souls of all, you both preserve the royal magnificence inviolate and guard the moderate character of your soul unadulterated, you alone, to omit the rest, are a foundation of mercy, a stream of compassion, a spring of philanthropy, an abyss of benefactions, a flower of beauty, a comeliness of equity, an image of virtue, an example of profound judgment. With you alone no one could be compared. if, at least, one wishes to look at matters according to reason, but if one should wish to see in comparisons with another how much you surpass the others, he will compare you with the most divine one alone, to whom the title of "most divine," along with his virtues and his fortunes against the barbarians, was fittingly applied. Yet even if you are equals in piety, yet he turned to reverence late, while for you a pious inheritance has come down as it were from your forefathers. And he, having used meekness in part, raised a murderous right hand against some, but you have transgressed the rule of your judgment in no case. And he built the city that bears his name and fortified it with visible walls, but you have shown it more brilliant with better great works and an excess of buildings, letting loose upon it also the river from Eden, so that the flower of the city might not wither. Such are you, O king, adorned with all kinds of virtues, crowned with all kinds of beauties, before all things exulting in learning and crowned with the pure crown of philosophy. 4 Another discourse to the same king O king, without addition and connection, and alone of beings incomparable and unconnected; for let the luminaries depart; for they are warblings of the thoughts and, as it were, images of paradigms. For you are not the sun, such as this perceptible one, which is struck by vapors and covered by clouds, nor a light brought from there and mixed with air and falling upon
σύ, βασιλεῦ· ὅσῳ μᾶλλον ἐπιρρεῖς ἡμῖν τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἀφθόνως, τοσοῦτον αὐξάνεις πληρούμενος. ἐντεῦθεν δὲ οὐδεὶς ἀπολέλειπται τοῦ τοιούτου πλούτου τῆς ἀγαθότητος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ τὸν λόγον λαμπρὸς καὶ ὁ τὴν τέχνην ἄσημος καὶ ὁ τὴν γλῶσσαν δεινὸς καὶ ὁ τοῖς λόγοις μὴ προσωμιληκώς, οἵ τε προσεχεῖς καὶ οἱ πόρρω ξύμπαντες ὁμοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν σῶν ναμάτων πεπώκασιν. ὃ οὐδεὶς ἂν εὕροις διερευνώμενος ἐπὶ τῶν πρώην καιρῶν γεγονός, ἀλλ' εἴ τινας τῶν πάλαι βασιλέων φύσις φιλότιμος πρὸς τὸ εὐεργετεῖν παρεσκεύασε, τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ βήματος τὴν τοιαύτην ἀρετὴν περιώρισεν. οἱ δ' ἐπὶ τῶν καθέκαστα πόλεων οὐδὲν ἧττον ἢ πρότερον πάντων ἐστέρηνται, ἀλλά σε καὶ ὁ ὑπερβόρειος ἔγνωκε μὴ ἰδὼν καὶ ὁ ἑῷος καὶ ὁ ἑσπέριος. καὶ πᾶσι μὲν ἐγχεῖς τὴν εὐεργεσίαν ἄφθονον, μάλιστα δὲ ὅσοι περὶ τοὺς λόγους διεσπουδάκασι καὶ τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ συντόνως προσέβησαν· πάντα γὰρ ζηλῶν τὰ καλά, βασιλεῦ, ταύτην ὑπὲρ πάντα τετίμηκας, ὅτι καὶ πρώτη καὶ κρείττων τῶν ἄλλων. Καὶ τό γε θαυμασιώτερον, ὅτι στρατιώτης μέν σε ὡς στρατιώτην ἐγνώρισε, καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦτο μόνον εἰδέναι ἐπίσταται, τὴν στρατηγικήν, καὶ ὁ δικαστὴς νομοθέτην καλεῖ, καὶ ∆ημοσθένην ὁ ῥήτωρ, καὶ Πλάτωνα ὁ φιλόσοφος· παρὰ γὰρ τοὺς καιροὺς μεταχειρίζῃ ὡς ἄριστα ἕκαστα, ὡς νῦν μὲν εὖ συντιθέναι τὸν λόγον καὶ δοκίμῳ χρῆσθαι καὶ διεγηγερμένῳ τῷ λόγῳ, νῦν δὲ ἐμβριθεῖ καὶ εἴσω συννεύοντι, καὶ νῦν μὲν τὸ ἐν λέξεσι κάλλος ἀγαπᾶν, νῦν δὲ τὸ ἐν νοήμασι σεμνὸν καὶ πεφροντισμένον. ὡς ἄρα σε ἐξ ἑκάστου τῶν ἀρίστων ὡς ἄγαλμα συνέπλασεν ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων συνήρμοσε, φρόνημα δοὺς ὑψηλὸν καὶ συντετριμμένην ψυχήν, ἀμετάθετον λογισμόν, νοῦν σταθηρότατον, καὶ τὸ ἐν καιροῖς μεταβάλλεσθαι καὶ γνώμην ἀλλοιουμένην τοῖς κρείττοσι, φύσιν βασίλειον καὶ μετριοφροσύνην ἄρρητον. σὺ καὶ τῇ λέξει κοσμεῖς τὰ νοήματα καὶ τὴν λέξιν σεμνύνεις τῷ νῷ, σὺ καὶ καλλιρρημοσύνην ἤσκησας, καὶ νοημάτων βάθος ἠγάπησας, καὶ τὰς τῶν μαθημάτων φύσεις ἐπόθησας, σὺ καὶ τὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ζυγὰ φυλάττεις ἀρρεπῆ καὶ τὰς τῆς φιλίας πηγὰς ταῖς ἁπάντων ψυχαῖς ἐπιρρεῖς, σὺ καὶ τὴν βασιλικὴν μεγαλοπρέπειαν συντηρεῖς ἀκαθαίρετον καὶ τὸ μέτριον τῆς ψυχῆς ἰδίωμα διαφυλάττεις ἀνόθευτον, σὺ καὶ μόνος, ἵνα τἆλλα ἐάσω, ἐλέους βάσις, εὐσπλαγχνίας κρουνός, φιλανθρωπίας πηγή, εὐεργεσιῶν ἄβυσσος, καλλονῆς ἄνθος, ἐπιεικείας εὐπρέπεια, ἀρετῆς εἰκών, γνώμης βαθείας παράδειγμα. Σοὶ μόνῳ οὐδεὶς ἂν συγκριθείη. εἴ γε κατὰ λόγον ἐθέλει τις βλέπειν τὰ πράγματα, εἰ δέ σε βούλοιτο ταῖς πρὸς ἕτερον ἐξαιτήσεσιν ἰδεῖν ὁπόσον τῶν ἄλλων ὑπερέχεις, τῷ θειοτάτῳ σε καὶ μόνῳ παραβαλεῖται, ᾧ τὴν τοῦ θειοτάτου κλῆσιν μετὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν καὶ αἱ κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων τύχαι προσήρμοσαν. πλὴν ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ τὴν εὐσέβειαν ἴσοι, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνος μὲν ὀψὲ μετέθετο πρὸς τὸ σέβας, σοὶ δ' ἐκ προγόνων ὥσπερ εὐσεβὴς κλῆρος κατενήνεκται. κἀκεῖνος μὲν ἐκ μέρους χρησάμενος τῇ πραότητι ἐπ' ἐνίους φονῶσαν ᾖρε τὴν δεξιάν, σὺ δὲ τὸν τῆς γνώμης κανόνα ἐπ' οὐδενὶ παραβέβηκας. κἀκεῖνος μὲν τὴν ὁμώνυμον πόλιν ᾠκοδομήσατο καὶ τείχεσι τοῖς φαινομένοις ἐπύργωσε, σὺ δὲ λαμπροτέραν ἀπέδειξας κρείττοσι μεγαλουργίαις καὶ οἰκοδομημάτων ὑπερβολῇ, ἐπαφεὶς αὐτῇ καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐδέμ ποταμόν, ἵνα μὴ τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἄνθος μαραίνοιτο. τοιοῦτος σύ, βασιλεῦ, παντοίαις κοσμούμενος ἀρεταῖς, παντοίοις κάλλεσι στεφανούμενος, πρὸ πάντων καὶ λόγοις ἐπαγαλλόμενος καὶ τῷ ἀκηράτῳ στέφει τῆς φιλοσοφίας καταστεφόμενος. 4 Ἕτερος λόγος πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν βασιλέα Ὦ βασιλεῦ, προσθήκης ἄτερ καὶ συναφῆς καὶ μόνε τῶν ὄντων ἀπαράμιλλε καὶ ἀσύναπτε· οἱ γὰρ φωστῆρες χαιρέτωσαν· τερετίσματα γάρ εἰσι τῶν νοήσεων καὶ οἷον εἰκόνες παραδειγμάτων. οὔτε γὰρ ἥλιος σύ, ὁποῖος οὗτος ὁ αἰσθητὸς ἀτμοῖς βαλλόμενος καὶ νέφεσι καλυπτόμενος, οὔτε φῶς ἐκεῖθεν φερόμενον καὶ ἀέρι κιρνώμενον καὶ ἐμπῖπτον