De principiis

 To one who has received instruction and has practiced the ticklings and irritations occur, but reason, having been greatly strengthened and nourished

 He speaks to us as having free will and being the cause of our own destruction or salvation for he says, or do you despise the riches of his goodnes

 Since it was possible for him to be persuaded, and he certainly would have been persuaded, not being of an earthly nature, when constrained by the won

 In the underlying matter, from the one heat the wax is melted, but the clay is dried so the one energy working through moses on the one hand exposed

 In proportion to the unspeakable beneficence, to the greatest possible degree of blessedness they have attained. 3.1.13 therefore, he who is abandoned

 Stony hearts” and places in them “fleshy ones,” so that “his ordinances may be kept” and the commandments observed, it is not in our power to put away

 From the old [testament], being accused of such things. but if they seek a defense concerning the gospel, it must be said to them, unless they act rep

 Such things, by which having been seen and heard, the sin of those who after such great and numerous things have not believed is proven to be heavier

 Therefore, that which is from god is manifoldly and exceedingly more for salvation than that which is in our power. therefore, i think the saying mean

 Of the body, according to what he has done, whether it be good or bad” is it sound, when those who have done evil things have come to this course of a

 To advance to better things, while others fall from better things to worse, and some are preserved in good things or ascend from good things to better

 Nor when the teachers were many, to be preached everywhere in the world, so that greeks and barbarians, wise and foolish were added to the worship

 “grace is poured out on his lips”? for a proof of the “grace poured out on his lips” is that after a short time of his teaching (for he taught for abo

 In the sun and moon and stars and is not so manifest in the events of human life, as in the souls and the bodies of animals, since the “for what purp

 They thought, since the creator was imperfect and not good, that the savior had come announcing a more perfect god, whom they say is not the creator,

 You did not enter, and you hindered those who were entering.” 4.2.4 the way, therefore, that appears to us for how one ought to approach the scripture

 Character. but a spiritual interpretation for the one who is able to show of what “heavenly things the pattern and shadow” the jews “according to the

 Is so great upon the earth, and if not only upon the earth, but also elsewhere, it is necessary for us to learn. 4.2.8 these things, and others like t

 Like a farmer, that god 'planted a paradise in eden toward the east,' and made in it a 'tree of life,' visible and perceptible, so that by tasting of

 But also the saying “to be struck on the right jaw” is most improbable, since everyone who strikes, unless he happens to have some unnatural condition

 Every part has the spiritual, but not every part the corporeal for in many places the corporeal is shown to be impossible. therefore, much attention

 Of us.” and in another epistle: “but you have come to mount zion and to the city of the living god, the heavenly jerusalem, and to myriads of angels,

 Of israel or of those being far off, and the “descent into egypt of the seventy souls”, that there they might become “as the stars of heaven in number

is so great upon the earth, and if not only upon the earth, but also elsewhere, it is necessary for us to learn. 4.2.8 These things, and others like them, being set forth by the illuminating Spirit to the souls of the holy ministers of the truth, there was a second purpose, on account of those unable to bear the labor of discovering such great things, to hide the account of the aforementioned subjects in words that presented a narrative containing a report about the sensible creations and the creation of man and of those born from the first in succession down to the many, and in other histories reporting the deeds of the just and the sins sometimes committed by these same people, as humans, and the wickedness and licentiousness and greed of the lawless and impious. And most paradoxically, through the history of wars and of conquerors and conquered, some of the secret things are made plain to those who are able to investigate these matters. And still more wonderfully, through written legislation the laws of truth are prophesied, all these things having been written down in a connected series with a power truly befitting the wisdom of God. For it was also intended that the garment of spiritual things, I mean the corporeal aspect of the scriptures, should in many respects be made not unhelpful, and be able to improve the many, so far as they can receive it. 4.2.9 But since, if the usefulness of the legislation and the coherence and elegance of the history had been clearly apparent throughout, we would have been incredulous that anything other than the obvious could be understood in the scriptures, the Word of God arranged for certain 'stumbling-blocks' and 'offenses' and 'impossibilities' to be inserted in the midst of the law and the history, so that we, not being entirely drawn away by the diction, which has an unmixed attractiveness, might not either, by learning nothing worthy of God, completely abandon the doctrines, or, by not moving beyond the letter, learn nothing more divine. And it is necessary to know this too, that since the primary purpose was to relate the spiritual connection in things that have happened and are to be done, wherever the Word found events in the history that could be adapted to these mystical matters, it used them, hiding the deeper meaning from the many; but where, in the narrative of the sequence of intelligible things, the pre-recorded action of certain events did not follow on account of more mystical matters, the scripture wove into the history that which did not happen, sometimes what could not even have happened, and sometimes what could have happened, but in fact did not, and at times there are a few words inserted which are not literally true, and at other times many more. The same analogy must be understood also in the case of the legislation, in which it is often possible to find what is useful on the surface, fitting for the times of the legislation; but sometimes a useful reason is not apparent. And at other times even impossible things are legislated for the sake of the more astute and inquisitive, so that by giving themselves to the ordeal of examining the scriptures, they may receive a worthy conviction about the necessity of seeking a meaning worthy of God in such things. And not only concerning the things before the coming did the Spirit arrange these matters, but since it is the same Spirit and from the one God, it has done the same thing in the Gospels and in the writings of the Apostles, since not even these have a history that is completely unmixed with things interwoven on the corporeal level which did not happen, nor do the legislation and the commandments in them always show what is reasonable from this perspective. What is the reason for the obscurity in the divine scripture and for what is in some places impossible or irrational according to the literal meaning 4.3.1 For who that has understanding will suppose that the 'first and second and third day, and the evening and the morning' came into being without a sun and moon and stars? And the first day, as it were, even without a heaven? And who is so foolish as to think in the manner of a man

τηλικαύτη ἐστὶν ἐπὶ γῆς, καὶ εἰ μὴ μόνον ἐπὶ γῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ, ἀναγκαῖον ἡμᾶς μαθεῖν. 4.2.8 Τούτων δὴ καὶ τῶν παραπλησίων προκειμένων τῷ φωτίζοντι πνεύματι τὰς τῶν ἁγίων ὑπηρετῶν τῆς ἀληθείας ψυχάς, δεύτερος ἦν σκοπὸς διὰ τοὺς μὴ δυναμένους τὸν κάματον ἐνεγκεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ τὰ τηλικαῦτα εὑρεῖν, κρύψαι τὸν περὶ τῶν προειρημένων λόγον ἐν λέξεσιν ἐμφαινούσαις διήγησιν περιέχουσαν ἀπαγγελίαν τὴν περὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν δημιουργημάτων καὶ ἀνθρώπου κτίσεως καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῶν πρώτων κατὰ διαδοχὴν μέχρι πολλῶν γεγενημένων, καὶ ἄλλαις ἱστο ρίαις ἀπαγγελλούσαις δικαίων πράξεις καὶ τῶν αὐτῶν τούτων ποτὲ γενόμενα ἁμαρτήματα ὡς ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀνόμων καὶ ἀσεβῶν πονη ρίας καὶ ἀκολασίας καὶ πλεονεξίας. παραδοξότατα δέ, διὰ ἱστορίας τῆς περὶ πολέμων καὶ νενικηκότων καὶ νενικημένων τινὰ τῶν ἀπορ ρήτων τοῖς ταῦτα βασανίζειν δυναμένοις σαφηνίζεται. καὶ ἔτι θαυ μασιώτερον, διὰ γραπτῆς νομοθεσίας οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας νόμοι προ φητεύονται, μετὰ ἀληθῶς πρεπούσης θεοῦ σοφίᾳ δυνάμεως πάντων τούτων εἱρμῷ ἀναγεγραμμένων. προέκειτο γὰρ καὶ τὸ ἔνδυμα τῶν πνευματικῶν, λέγω δὲ τὸ σωματικὸν τῶν γραφῶν, ἐν πολλοῖς ποιῆσαι οὐκ ἀνωφελὲς δυνάμενόν τε τοὺς πολλούς, ὡς χωροῦσι, βελτιοῦν. 4.2.9 Ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ, εἰ δι' ὅλων σαφῶς τὸ τῆς νομοθεσίας χρή σιμον αὐτόθεν ἐφαίνετο καὶ τὸ τῆς ἱστορίας ἀκόλουθον καὶ γλα φυρόν, ἠπιστήσαμεν ἂν ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸ πρόχειρον νοεῖσθαι δύνασθαι ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς, ᾠκονόμησέ τινα οἱονεὶ «σκάνδαλα» καὶ «προσκόμματα» καὶ «ἀδύνατα» διὰ μέσου ἐγκαταταχθῆναι τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ ἱστορίᾳ ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, ἵνα μὴ πάντη ὑπὸ τῆς λέξεως ἑλκόμενοι τὸ ἀγωγὸν ἄκρατον ἐχούσης, ἤτοι ὡς μηδὲν ἄξιον θεοῦ μανθάνοντες, τέλεον ἀποστῶμεν τῶν δογμάτων, ἢ μὴ κινούμενοι ἀπὸ τοῦ γράμματος μηδὲν θειότερον μάθωμεν. χρὴ δὲ καὶ τοῦτο εἰδέναι, ὅτι τοῦ προηγου μένου σκοποῦ τυγχάνοντος τὸν ἐν τοῖς πνευματικοῖς εἱρμὸν ἀπαγ γεῖλαι γεγενημένοις καὶ πρακτέοις, ὅπου μὲν εὗρε γενόμενα κατὰ τὴν ἱστορίαν ὁ λόγος ἐφαρμόσαι δυνάμενα τοῖς μυστικοῖς τούτοις, ἐχρή σατο ἀποκρύπτων ἀπὸ τῶν πολλῶν τὸν βαθύτερον νοῦν· ὅπου δὲ ἐν τῇ διηγήσει τῆς περὶ τῶν νοητῶν ἀκολουθίας οὐχ εἵπετο ἡ τῶνδέ τινων πρᾶξις ἡ προαναγεγραμμένη διὰ τὰ μυστικώτερα, συνύφηνεν ἡ γραφὴ τῇ ἱστορίᾳ τὸ μὴ γενόμενον, πῇ μὲν μηδὲ δυνατὸν γενέσθαι, πῇ δὲ δυνατὸν μὲν γενέσθαι, οὐ μὴν γεγενημένον, καὶ ἔσθ' ὅτε μὲν ὀλίγαι λέξεις παρεμβεβλημέναι εἰσὶ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα οὐκ ἀληθευόμεναι, ἔσθ' ὅτε δὲ πλείονες. τὸ δ' ἀνάλογον καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς νομοθεσίας ἐκλη πτέον, ἐν ᾗ ἔστι πλεονάκις εὑρεῖν καὶ τὸ αὐτόθεν χρήσιμον, πρὸς τοὺς καιροὺς τῆς νομοθεσίας ἁρμόζον· ἐνίοτε δὲ λόγος χρήσιμος οὐκ ἐμφαίνεται. καὶ ἄλλοτε καὶ ἀδύνατα νομοθετεῖται διὰ τοὺς ἐντρε χεστέρους καὶ ζητητικωτέρους, ἵνα τῇ βασάνῳ τῆς ἐξετάσεως τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐπιδιδόντες ἑαυτοὺς πεῖσμα ἀξιόλογον λάβωσι περὶ τοῦ δεῖν τοῦ θεοῦ ἄξιον νοῦν εἰς τὰ τοιαῦτα ζητεῖν. οὐ μόνον δὲ περὶ τῶν πρὸ τῆς παρουσίας ταῦτα τὸ πνεῦμα ᾠκονόμησεν, ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἅτε τὸ αὐτὸ τυγχάνον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς θεοῦ, τὸ ὅμοιον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν εὐαγγελίων πεποίηκε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων, οὐδὲ τούτων πάντη ἄκρατον τὴν ἱστορίαν τῶν προσυφασμένων κατὰ τὸ σωματικὸν ἐχόντων μὴ γεγενημένων, οὐδὲ τὴν νομοθεσίαν καὶ τὰς ἐντολὰς πάντως τὸ εὔλογον ἐντεῦθεν ἐμφαίνοντα. Τίς ὁ τῆς ἐν τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ ἀσαφείας λόγος καὶ τοῦ κατὰ τὸ ῥητὸν ἔν τισιν ἀδυνάτου ἢ ἀλόγου 4.3.1 Τίς γοῦν νοῦν ἔχων οἰήσεται «πρώτην καὶ δευτέραν καὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν ἑσπέραν τε καὶ πρωΐαν» χωρὶς ἡλίου γεγονέναι καὶ σελήνης καὶ ἀστέρων; τὴν δὲ οἱονεὶ πρώτην καὶ χωρὶς οὐρανοῦ; τίς δ' οὕτως ἠλίθιος ὡς οἰηθῆναι τρόπον ἀνθρώπου