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transparent, in temperance and in a life according to virtue, and with right and pious doctrines I command to honor the divine. 1.6.67 And again: Moses indeed advised those who were then blood-stained not to murder, but I, to those who have been instructed in this and have fulfilled the first commandment, I legislate the more perfect one, commanding them not even to be held by the passion of anger. And again: Moses for his part commanded adulterers and the licentious not to commit adultery, nor to commit sodomy, nor to pursue pleasures contrary to nature, bringing death as the punishment for those who transgress, but I wish my own not even to look at a woman with licentious desire. 1.6.68 And again: He for his part said: 'You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to God your oaths;' 'but I say to you, do not swear at all, but let your word be yes, yes, no, no; for whatever is more than these is from the evil one.' 1.6.69 And again: He for his part urged to defend oneself against wrongdoers and to wrong them in return, saying: 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth,' 'but I say to you, do not resist the evil one, but whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also; and to him who wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak also.' 1.6.71 And again: He for his part advised to love one's friend, but to hate one's enemies, but I, through an excess of love for mankind and forbearance, I legislate to love your enemies and to pray 'for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven, who makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust.' 1.6.72 And in addition to these things, he for his part was adapted to the hardness of the many and gave commands suitable for the passionate, delivering a piety that was altered and inferior to the ancient way; but I call all back to the pious and God-loving life of the God-loving men of old. 1.6.73 And on top of all, he for his part promised a 'land flowing with milk and honey' as if to infants; but I procure the kingdom of heaven for those who are able to receive it. 1.6.74 These things and such things as these the word of the new covenant proclaimed to all the nations through the teaching of Christ. And these were the things which the Christ of God advised his disciples to proclaim to all the nations, saying: 'Go and make disciples of all the nations, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you;' 1.6.75 which things, delivering them to all men, both Greeks and barbarians, to keep, he clearly revealed what Christianity is, and who we are, and of what sort is the teacher of such words and lessons, namely, our Savior and Lord Jesus, the Christ of God, who established this new and all-virtuous way of life throughout the whole world, so that not only men but also women, rich and poor, and slaves along with masters, learn to practice such philosophy. 1.6.76 And indeed the introducer of this new legislation is introduced as having lived in all things according to the law of Moses; which itself is worthy of wonder, that indeed, being about to establish himself as a lawgiver of a new way of life, of the new covenant according to his gospel, he did not reject the things of Moses as hostile and contrary; for he would have been thought to be ordaining things hostile to Moses, and thus he would have provided to the godless heretics a pretext for much slander against Moses and the prophets, and to those of the circumcision a reasonable cause for the conspiracy against him, who indeed as a transgressor and apostate from the law conspired the plot against him for death. 1.7.1 But now, having lived in all things according to the law of Moses, he has used his apostles as ministers of his new legislation, on the one hand teaching that it is necessary to consider the things of Moses not foreign nor hostile to his own piety, and on the other hand having become the author and introducer of a new and saving legislation for all men, so that he in no way transgressed against the things that seemed good to Moses, but first put an end to those things, and became their fulfillment, and so upon the

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διαυγεῖ, ἐν σωφροσύνῃ καὶ τῷ κατ' ἀρετὴν βίῳ, δόγμασίν τε ὀρθοῖς καὶ εὐσεβέσι τὸ θεῖον γεραίρειν προστάττω. 1.6.67 καὶ πάλιν· Μωσῆς μὲν ὡς ἂν μιαιφόνοις οὖσι τοῖς τότε μὴ φονεύειν παρῄνει, ἐγὼ δὲ τοῖς ἐν τούτῳ προπαιδαγωγηθεῖσι καὶ τὴν πρώτην ἐντολὴν κατωρθωκόσι νομοθετῶ τὴν τελειοτέραν, μηδ' ὀργῆς ἐνέχεσθαι πάθει προστάττων. καὶ αὖθις· ὁ μὲν Μωσῆς μοιχοῖς καὶ ἀκολάστοις διετάττετο τὸ μὴ μοιχεύειν, μηδὲ ἀρσενοκοιτεῖν, μηδὲ τὰς παρὰ φύσιν ἡδονὰς διώκειν, θάνατον τὴν τιμωρίαν τοῖς παραβαίνουσιν ἐπάγων, ἐγὼ δὲ μηδ' ἐμβλέπειν γυναῖκα μετ' ἐπιθυμίας ἀκολάστου τοὺς ἐμοὺς βούλομαι. 1.6.68 καὶ πάλιν· ὁ μὲν ἔλεγεν· «οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις, ἀποδώσεις δὲ τῷ θεῷ τοὺς ὅρκους σου· ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ὀμόσαι ὅλως, ἀλλ' ἔσται ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ· τὸ δὲ περισσὸν τούτων ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἐστιν». 1.6.69 καὶ πάλιν· ὁ μὲν τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ἀμύνασθαι καὶ ἀνταδικεῖν παρεκελεύετο λέγων· «ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος, ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ἀντιστῆναι τῷ πονηρῷ, ἀλλ' ὅστις σε ῥαπίσει εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα σου, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην· καὶ τῷ θέλοντί σοι κριθῆναι καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν, ἄφες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον». 1.6.71 καὶ πάλιν· ὁ μὲν παρῄνει τὸν μὲν φίλον ἀγαπᾶν, μισεῖν δὲ τοὺς ἐχθρούς, ἐγὼ δὲ καθ' ὑπερβολὴν φιλανθρωπίας καὶ ἀνεξικακίας ἀγαπᾶν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν νομοθετῶ καὶ προσεύχεσθαι «ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων, ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ὅστις τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους». 1.6.72 καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ μὲν πρὸς τὴν τῶν πολλῶν σκληρίαν ἡρμόζετο καὶ τοῖς ἐμπαθέσι κατάλληλα διετάττετο, ἐξηλλαγμένον καὶ ὑποβεβηκότα παρὰ τὸν παλαιὸν τρόπον παραδιδοὺς εὐσεβείας· ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν τῶν πρόπαλαι θεοφιλῶν ἀνδρῶν εὐσεβῆ καὶ θεοφιλῆ βίον ἀνακαλοῦμαι τοὺς πάντας. 1.6.73 καὶ ἐφ' ἅπασιν ὁ μὲν «γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι» οἷα νηπίοις ἐπηγγέλλετο· ἐγὼ δὲ βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν τοῖς οἵοις τε χωρεῖν προξενῶ. 1.6.74 Ταῦτα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ὁ τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης λόγος διὰ τῆς Χριστοῦ διδασκαλίας πᾶσι κατήγγειλε τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. καὶ ταῦτα ἦν ἃ τοῖς αὐτοῦ μαθηταῖς ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσι καταγγέλλειν παρῄνει, φήσας· «πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν»· 1.6.75 ἃ καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις Ἕλλησί τε καὶ βαρβάροις φυλάττειν παραδιδούς, σαφῶς τί ποτέ ἐστιν ὁ χριστιανισμὸς ἐξέφηνεν, τίνες θ' ἡμεῖς καὶ ὁποῖος ὁ τῶν τοιῶνδε λόγων τε καὶ μαθημάτων διδάσκαλος, αὐτὸς ὁ σωτὴρ καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ τὴν καινὴν ταύτην καὶ πανάρετον πολιτείαν καθ' ὅλου τοῦ κόσμου συστησάμενος, ὥστε τοιαῦτα μανθάνειν φιλοσοφεῖν μὴ μόνον ἄνδρας ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκας, πλουσίους τε καὶ πένητας, καὶ δούλους ἅμα δεσπόταις. 1.6.76 Καὶ μὴν ὁ τῆς καινῆς ταύτης νομοθεσίας εἰσαγωγεὺς τὰ πάντα κατὰ τὸν Μωσέως νόμον εἰσῆκται πεπολιτευμένος· ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ θαυμάζειν ἄξιον, ὅτι δὴ νέας πολιτείας νομοθέτης μέλλων καταστήσεσθαι, τῆς κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον αὐτοῦ καινῆς διαθήκης, οὐχ ὡς ἐχθρὰ καὶ ἐναντία τὰ Μωσέως παρῃτήσατο· ἦ γὰρ ἂν ἐνομίσθη τὰ πολέμια Μωσεῖ διατάττεσθαι, οὕτω τε ἂν καὶ παρέσχεν τῆς κατὰ Μωσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν τοῖς ἀθέοις αἱρεσιώταις πλείστης δυσφημίας ὑπόθεσιν, τοῖς τε ἐκ περιτομῆς εὔλογον τῆς κατ' αὐτοῦ συσκευῆς αἰτίαν, οἳ δὴ ὡς παραβάτῃ καὶ ἀποστάτῃ τοῦ νόμου τὴν πρὸς θάνατον ἐπιβουλὴν αὐτῷ συνεσκευάσαντο. 1.7.1 Νυνὶ δὲ πάντα κατὰ τὸν Μωσέως νόμον πεπολιτευμένος τοῖς ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ κέχρηται διακόνοις τῆς καινῆς αὐτοῦ νομοθεσίας, ὁμοῦ μὲν καὶ τὰ Μωσέως οὐκ ἀλλότρια οὐδ' ἐχθρὰ τῆς οἰκείας θεοσεβείας ἡγεῖσθαι δεῖν διδάξας, ὁμοῦ δὲ καὶ αὐθέντης καὶ εἰσηγητὴς νέας καὶ σωτηρίου πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις καταστὰς νομοθεσίας, ὡς μηδαμῶς εἰς τὰ Μωσεῖ δοκοῦντα παρανομῆσαι αὐτόν, τέλος δ' ἐκείνοις ἐπιθεῖναι πρότερον, καὶ πληρωτὴν αὐτῶν γενέσθαι, καὶ οὕτως ἐπὶ τὴν