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setting us to fasts, is clear from that. For if we throughout the whole year should continue crying out and proclaiming a fast, no one pays attention to what is said; but if only the season of the forty days arrives, even with no one exhorting or advising, even the most sluggish person is aroused, receiving counsel and exhortation from the season. If therefore a Jew and a Greek asks you, for what reason do you fast, do not say, that it is because of the Pascha, nor that it is because of the cross, since you give him a great handle; for we do not fast because of the Pascha, nor because of the cross, but because of our sins, since we are about to approach the mysteries; since the Pascha is not a cause for fasting nor for mourning, but for gladness and joy. For the cross took away sin, became the purification of the world, the reconciliation of a long-standing enmity, opened the gates of heaven, made the hated into friends, led our nature back up to heaven, seated it at the right hand of the throne, and provided us with countless other good things. Therefore one must not mourn or be dejected, but exult and rejoice over all these things. For this reason Paul also says, But far be it from me to boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. And again, But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners 48.868 Christ died for us. And John says something like this: For God so loved the world. How? Tell me. And having passed over all other things, he has set forth the cross. For having said, God so loved the world, he added, That he gave His only begotten Son, that he might be crucified, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. If therefore the cross is a cause of love and boasting, let us not say that we mourn because of it; for we do not mourn because of it, God forbid! but because of our own sins. For this reason we fast. 5. Therefore the catechumen never celebrates Pascha, although he fasts annually, since he does not partake of the offering, just as he who does not fast, if he approaches with a clean conscience, celebrates Pascha, whether he partakes of communion today, or tomorrow, or whenever. For the best approach is judged not in the observance of seasons, but in a clean conscience. But we do the opposite. We do not purify our mind, but if we should approach on that day, we think we celebrate Pascha, even if we are full of countless sins. But it is not so, it is not so, but even if you should approach on the Sabbath itself with a wicked conscience, you have fallen away from the communion, you have departed without celebrating the Pascha; just as even if you communicate today, having washed away your sins, you have celebrated the Pascha precisely. Therefore you ought to have kept this precision and vigor not in the observance of seasons, but in your approach. And just as you now choose to endure everything, rather than change the custom, so you ought to despise this, and choose to suffer and do everything, so as not to approach with sins. For that God has no regard for seasons and such observance, hear him judging: you saw me hungry, he says, and you fed me, thirsty, and you gave me drink, naked, and you clothed me; and to those on the left he brings charges opposite to these. And again, bringing in another, he punishes him for bearing a grudge: For you wicked, he says, servant, I forgave you all that debt; should you not also have had compassion on your fellow servant, just as I had pity on you? Again, the virgins, because they had no oil in their lamps, he shut out of the bridal chamber; another, because he entered not having a wedding garment, but was clothed in filthy garments, being clothed in fornication and impurity; but because he celebrated the Pascha in this or that month, no one was ever punished or accused. And what shall I say of us who have been freed from all such necessity, and who live as citizens above in the heavens, where there are no months, nor sun, nor moon, nor cycle of years? For not even in the case of the Jews themselves, if one should wish to consider accurately, will he see much account being made of the time, but

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ἡμᾶς νηστείας καταστήσαντες, δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἂν διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ μένωμεν βοῶντες καὶ κηρύττοντες νηστείαν, οὐδεὶς προσέχει τοῖς λεγομένοις· ἂν δὲ ἐπιστῇ μόνον ὁ τῆς τεσσαρακοστῆς καιρὸς, καὶ μηδενὸς παραινοῦντος μηδὲ συμβουλεύοντος, καὶ ὁ σφόδρα νωθρότατος διανίσταται, τὴν παρὰ τοῦ καιροῦ λαμβάνων συμβουλὴν καὶ παραίνεσιν. Ἂν οὖν ἔρηταί σε Ἰουδαῖος καὶ Ἕλλην, τίνος ἕνεκεννηστεύεις, μὴ εἴπῃς, ὅτι διὰ τὸ πάσχα, μηδὲ ὅτι διὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἐπεὶ πολλὴν αὐτῷ δίδως τὴν λαβήν· οὐ γὰρ διὰ τὸ πάσχα νηστεύομεν, οὐδὲ διὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τὰ ἡμέτερα, ἐπειδὴ μέλλομεν μυστηρίοις προσιέναι· ἐπεὶ τό γε πάσχα οὐ νηστείας ἐστὶν οὐδὲ πένθους, ἀλλὰ εὐφροσύνης καὶ χαρᾶς ὑπόθεσις. Ὁ γὰρ σταυρὸς ἀνεῖλε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, καθάρσιον τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐγένετο, καταλλαγὴ χρονίας ἔχθρας, ἀνέῳξε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὰς πύλας, τοὺς μισουμένους φίλους ἐποίησεν, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐπανήγαγεν, ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου ἐκάθισε τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν, μυρία ἕτερα παρέσχεν ἡμῖν ἀγαθά. Οὐ τοίνυν πενθεῖν οὐδὲ κατεστάλθαι χρὴ, ἀγάλλεσθαι δὲ καὶ χαίρειν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἁπάντων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλός φησιν, Ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ πάλιν, Συνίστησι δὲ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀγάπην εἰς ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι ἔτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ὄντων ἡμῶν 48.868 Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανε. Καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης οὕτω πώς φησιν· Οὕτω γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον. Πῶς; εἰπέ. Καὶ πάντα παραδραμὼν τἄλλα, τὸν σταυρὸν τέθεικεν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Οὕτως ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ἐπήγαγεν, Ὅτι τὸν μονογενῆ αὐτοῦ Υἱὸν ἔδωκεν, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται, ἀλλ' ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀγάπης ὑπόθεσις καὶ καύχημα ὁ σταυρὸς, μὴ λέγωμεν ὅτι δι' αὐτὸν πενθοῦμεν· οὐ γὰρ πενθοῦμεν δι' ἐκεῖνον, μὴ γένοιτο! ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ οἰκεῖα ἁμαρτήματα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο νηστεύομεν. εʹ. Ὁ γοῦν κατηχούμενος οὐδέποτε πάσχα ἐπιτελεῖ, καίτοι νηστεύων κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν, ἐπειδὴ προσφορᾶς οὐ κοινωνεῖ, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ μὴ νηστεύων, ἂν μετὰ καθαροῦ προσέλθῃ συνειδότος, πάσχα ἐπιτελεῖ, κἂν σήμερον, κἂν αὔριον, κἂν ὁποτεοῦν μετάσχῃ τῆς κοινωνίας. Οὐ γὰρ ἐν παρατηρήσει καιρῶν, ἀλλ' ἐν συνειδότι καθαρῷ ἡ ἀρίστη κρίνεται πρόσοδος. Ἡμεῖς δὲ τοὐναντίον ποιοῦμεν. Τὴν μὲν διάνοιαν οὐ καθαίρομεν, εἰ δὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ προσέλθοιμεν ἐκείνῃ, νομίζομεν πάσχα ἐπιτελεῖν, κἂν μυρίων γέμωμεν ἁμαρτημάτων. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα, οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ Σαββάτῳ προσέλθῃς μετὰ πονηροῦ συνειδότος, ἐξέπεσες τῆς κοινωνίας, ἀπῆλθες οὐκ ἐπιτελέσας τὸ πάσχα· ὥσπερ οὖν κἂν σήμερον κοινωνῇς, τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἀπονιψάμενος, τὸ πάσχα ἐπετέλεσας ἀκριβῶς. Ἐχρῆν τοίνυν τὴν ἀκρίβειαν ταύτην ὑμᾶς καὶ τὴν εὐτονίαν μὴ ἐν τῇ τῶν καιρῶν παρατηρήσει, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ προσόδῳ φυλάττειν. Καὶ καθάπερ αἱρεῖσθε νῦν πάντα ὑπομεῖναι, ἢ μεταθεῖναι τὴν συνήθειαν, οὕτως ἔδει τούτου μὲν καταφρονεῖν, πάντα δὲ αἱρεῖσθαι πάσχειν καὶ ποιεῖν, ὥστε μὴ μεθ' ἁμαρτημάτων προσιέναι. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐδεὶς λόγος καιρῶν τῷ Θεῷ καὶ παρατηρήσεως τοιαύτης, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ δικάζοντος· Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, φησὶ, καὶ ἐθρέψατε, διψῶντα, καὶ ἐποτίσατε, γυμνὸν, καὶ περιεβάλετε· καὶ τοῖς ἐξ εὐωνύμων τὰ ἐναντία τούτοις ἐγκαλεῖ. Καὶ πάλιν ἄλλον ἐπεισαγαγὼν ἐπὶ μνησικακίᾳ κολάζει· Πονηρὲ γὰρ, φησὶ, δοῦλε, πᾶσαν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἐκείνην ἀφῆκά σοι· οὐκ ἔδει καὶ σὲ ἐλεῆσαι τὸν σύνδουλόν σου, ὡς καὶ ἐγώ σε ἠλέησα; Πάλιν τὰς παρθένους, ἐπειδὴ ἔλαιον οὐκ εἶχον ἐν ταῖς λαμπάσι, τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἀπέκλεισεν· ἕτερον, ἐπειδὴ ἔνδυμα γάμου οὐκ ἔχων εἰσῆλθεν, ἀλλὰ ῥυπαρὰ ἠμφίεστο ἱμάτια, πορνείαν καὶ ἀκαθαρσίαν περιβεβλημένος· ὅτι δὲ τῷ δεῖνι μηνὶ καὶ τῷ δεῖνι ἐποίησε τὸ πάσχα, οὐδεὶς ἐκολάσθη ποτὲ οὐδὲ ἐνεκλήθη. Καὶ τί λέγω περὶ ἡμῶν τῶν ἀπηλλαγμένων πάσης τοιαύτης ἀνάγκης, καὶ ἄνω πολιτευομένων ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἔνθα μῆνες, καὶ ἥλιος, καὶ σελήνη, καὶ ἐνιαυτῶν περίοδος οὐκ ἔστιν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτῶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἂν ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστῆσαι ἐθελήσῃ τις, οὐ πολὺν ὄψεται τοῦ χρόνου γινόμενον λόγον, ἀλλὰ