John Chrysostom, On Matthew

piety had been planted. But if it also happened after these things, it was a few things and sporadically; for instance, when the sun stood still for those who had been born, making an attempt. How then does Luke both give a genealogy, and does this through more names? Since Matthew had prepared the way, he wishes to teach us something more than what has been said. And each one similarly imitated his teacher; the one, Paul, flowing beyond rivers; the other, Peter, who was studious of brevity. And why ever did Matthew, at the beginning, not say, like the prophet: The vision which I saw; and, The word that came to me? Because he was writing to people of good will, and who were paying close attention to him. For both the miracles that happened cried out, and those who received them were very faithful. But in the time of the prophets there were not so many miracles proclaiming them, and the great throng of the false prophets reveled 57.41 of the course, and again it recoiled backwards. And one might see this having happened in our own time as well. For in our own generation, in the time of Julian who surpassed all in impiety, many strange things also came to pass. For when the Jews attempted to raise up the temple in Jerusalem, fire leaped out from the foundations and hindered them all; and when both the treasurer, and that man's uncle and namesake, displayed his drunken insolence against the sacred vessels, the one expired being eaten by worms, while the other burst asunder in the midst; and the fact that the springs failed when sacrifices were made there, and that famine fell upon the cities together with the emperor himself, was a very great sign. 2. For it is God's custom to do such things: whenever evils increase, and He sees His own people being ill-treated, and their adversaries extremely intoxicated with their tyranny against them, then to display His own power; which He also did in Persia in the case of the Jews. That he therefore did not do this simply or at random, dividing the ancestors of Christ into three portions, is clear from what has been said. But consider also from where he begins, and where he ends: From Abraham to David; from David to the carrying away to Babylon; from this to Christ Himself. For both at the beginning he has set down the two in succession, both David and Abraham, and in summing up he mentioned both similarly. For, as I have already said, the promises had been made to them. Why ever then, just as he mentioned the carrying away to Babylon, did he not also mention the descent into Egypt? Because they no longer feared the former, but they still trembled at the latter; and the one was ancient, but the other was recent and had just happened; and there they were brought down not because of sins, but here they were carried away because of transgressions. But if someone should also attempt to translate the interpretations of their names, he will find from this too that there is much contemplation, contributing greatly to the New Testament; for instance, from Abraham, from Jacob,from Solomon, from Zerubbabel; for these names were not given to them simply. But lest we seem to be tiresome by making this too long, let us leave these things and proceed to what is more urgent. Therefore, having spoken of all the ancestors, and ending with Joseph, he did not stop there, but added: Joseph the husband of Mary; showing that it was on her account that he also traced this man's genealogy. Then, lest when you hear "husband of Mary," you might think He was born by the common law of nature, consider how he corrects this by what follows. You have heard, he says, a husband, you have heard a mother, you have heard a name given to the child; therefore, hear also the manner of the birth. Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise. What birth are you speaking of to me? Tell me; and yet you have stated the ancestors. But I wish to speak of the manner of the birth also. Do you see how he has roused the hearer? For as if about to say something newer, he promises to speak of the manner also. And consider the excellent consistency of what has been said. 57.42 For he did not come immediately to the birth, but first reminds us how many generations He was from Abraham, how many from David, from the carrying away to Babylon, and through these things he casts the attentive hearer into an examination of the times, showing that this is He

τῆς εὐσεβείας φυτευθείσης. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα γέγονεν, ὀλίγα καὶ σποράδην· οἷον, ἡνίκα ὁ ἥλιος ἔστη τοῦ γεγενημένοις ἐπιχειρῶν. Πῶς οὖν ὁ Λουκᾶς, καὶ γενεαλογεῖ, καὶ διὰ πλειόνων τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Ἅτε τοῦ Ματθαίου προοδοποιήσαντος, βούλεταί τι τῶν εἰρημένων διδάξαι πλέον ἡμᾶς. Καὶ ἕκαστος δὲ ὁμοίως τὸν διδάσκαλον ἐμιμήσατο· ὁ μὲν τὸν Παῦλον, ὑπὲρ τοὺς ποταμοὺς ῥέοντα· ὁ δὲ τὸν Πέτρον, βραχυλογίας ἐπιμελούμενον. Καὶ τί δήποτε ἀρχόμενος ὁ Ματθαῖος οὐκ εἶπεν, ὥσπερ ὁ προφήτης· Ὅρασις ἢν εἶδον· καὶ, Ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος πρός με; Ὅτι πρὸς εὐγνώμονας ἔγραφε, καὶ σφόδρα αὐτῷ προσέχοντας. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὰ γενόμενα θαύματα ἐβόα, καὶ οἱ δεχόμενοι σφόδρα ἦσαν πιστοί. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν προφητῶν οὔτε θαύματα ἦν τοσαῦτα αὐτοὺς ἀνακηρύττοντα, καὶ πολὺ τὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν ἐπεκώμαζεν 57.41 δρόμου, καὶ πάλιν ἀνεχαίτισεν εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω. Ἴδοι δ' ἄν τις τοῦτο καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γεγενημένον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ, ἐπὶ τοῦ πάντας ἀσεβείᾳ νικήσαντος Ἰουλιανοῦ, πολλὰ καὶ παράδοξα συνέβη. Καὶ γὰρ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ναὸνἀναστῆσαι ἐπιχειρούντων, πῦρ τῶν θεμελίων ἐκπηδῆσαν ἅπαντας διεκώλυσε· καὶ ὅτε ἐπὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἱερὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ παροινίαν ἐπεδείξατο ὅ τε ταμίας, ὅ τε θεῖος καὶ ὁμώνυμος ἐκείνου, ὁ μὲν σκοληκόβρωτος γενόμενος ἐξέψυξεν, ὁ δὲ ἐλάκισε μέσος· καὶ τὸ τὰς πηγὰς δὲ ἐπιλιπεῖν, θυσιῶν ἐκεῖ γενομένων, καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ βασιλέως τὸν λιμὸν εἰς τὰς πόλεις συνεμπεσεῖν, σημεῖον μέγιστον ἦν. βʹ. Ἔθος γὰρ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ· ὅταν αὐξηθῇ τὰ κακὰ, καὶ τοὺς μὲν αὐτοῦ κακουμένους ἴδῃ, τοὺς δὲ ἐναντίους σφόδρα τῇ κατ' αὐτῶν τυραννίδι μεθύοντας, τότε τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι δυναστείαν· ὃ καὶ ἐν Περσίδι πεποίηκεν ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὅτι μὲν οὖνοὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχε ποιῶν, εἰς τρεῖς μοίρας τοὺς προγόνους διένειμε τοῦ Χριστοῦ, δῆλον ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων. Σκόπει δὲ καὶ πόθεν ἄρχεται, καὶ ποῦ τελευτᾷ· Ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ εἰς τὸν ∆αυΐδ· ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆αυῒδ εἰς τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος· ἀπὸ ταύτης εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀρχόμενος τοὺς δύο τέθεικεν ἐφεξῆς, τόν τε ∆αυῒδ καὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ἀνακεφαλαιούμενος ἀμφοτέρων ἐμνημόνευσεν ὁμοίως. Καὶ γὰρ, ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἦσαν αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι γεγενημέναι. Τί δήποτε δὲ, ὥσπερ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος ἐμνήσθη, οὐκ ἐμνήσθη καὶ τῆς καθόδου τῆς εἰς Αἴγυπτον; Ὅτι ἐκείνους μὲν οὐκέτι ἐδεδοίκεσαν, τούτους δὲ ἔτρεμον ἔτι· καὶ τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον ἦν, τὸ δὲ νεαρὸν καὶ ἄρτι γεγενημένον· κἀκεῖ μὲν οὐ δι' ἁμαρτήματα κατηνέχθησαν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ διὰ παρανομίας ἀπηνέχθησαν. Εἰ δέ τις καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν τὰς ἑρμηνείας μεταβαλεῖν ἐπιχειρήσειε, πολλὴν εὑρήσει καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν θεωρίαν οὖσαν, καὶ μεγάλα πρὸς τὴν Καινὴν συντελοῦσαν ∆ιαθήκην· οἷον, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ,ἀπὸ τοῦ Σολομῶνος, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζοροβάβελ· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ταῦτα αὐτοῖς ἐπετίθετο τὰ ὀνόματα. Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ δόξωμεν πολὺ μῆκος ποιοῦντες ἐνοχλεῖν, ταῦτα παρέντες ἐπὶ τὰ κατεπείγοντα ἴωμεν. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τοὺς προγόνους ἅπαντας, καὶ τελευτήσας εἰς τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν· Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας· δεικνὺς ὅτι δι' ἐκείνην καὶ τοῦτον ἐγενεαλόγησεν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἀκούσας Ἄνδρα Μαρίας, τῷ κοινῷ νομίσῃς τετέχθαι τῆς φύσεως νόμῳ, σκόπει πῶς αὐτὸ διορθοῦται τῇ ἐπαγωγῇ. Ἤκουσας, φησὶν, ἄνδρα, ἤκουσας μητέρα, ἤκουσας ὄνομα τῷ παιδίῳ τεθέν· οὐκοῦν ἄκουε καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς γεννήσεως. Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ γέννησις οὕτως ἦν. Ποίαν μοι γέννησιν λέγεις; εἰπέ μοι· καίτοιγε τοὺς προγόνους εἶπας. Ἀλλὰ βούλομαι καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς γεννήσεως εἰπεῖν. Εἶδες πῶς διανέστησε τὸν ἀκροατήν; Ὡς γὰρ μέλλων τι καινότερον ἐρεῖν, ἐπαγγέλλεται καὶ τὸν τρόπον λέγειν. Καὶ σκόπει τῶν εἰρημένων ἀκολουθίαν ἀρίστην. 57.42 Οὐδὲ γὰρ εὐθέως ἐπὶ τὴν γέννησιν ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀναμιμνήσκει πρῶτον ἡμᾶς, πόστος ἦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, πόστος ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆αυῒδ, ἀπὸ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ τὸν ἀκριβῆ διὰ τούτων ἀκροατὴν εἰς ἐξέτασιν ἐμβάλλει τῶν χρόνων, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν