the disciples say they have five loaves and the two fish in Matthew and Mark and Luke, without noting whether they were of wheat or of barley; but John alone said the loaves were of barley, for which reason perhaps the disciples do not confess having them themselves in John's gospel, but say in him that 'There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two small fish.' And as long as these five loaves and two fish were not brought by the disciples to Jesus, they did not increase nor multiply nor were they able to feed many; but when the Savior took them, first he looked up to heaven, with the rays of his eyes as it were drawing down power from there, which was to be mixed with the loaves and the fish, about to feed the five thousand, and after this he blessed the five loaves and the two fish, by his word and blessing increasing and multiplying them, and third, dividing and breaking them, he gave them to the disciples, so that they might set them before the crowds, then the loaves and the fish were sufficient, so that all ate and were satisfied and there was not room to eat some of the blessed loaves. For so much was left over for the crowds which was not according to the crowds, but according to the disciples who were able to take up the leftover of the fragments and put them into baskets filled with the leftovers, being as many in number as the tribes of Israel. Therefore, concerning Joseph it is written in the Psalms: 'His hands served in the basket,' but concerning the disciples of Jesus, that the twelve took up the leftover of the fragments, I think, twelve baskets not half-full, but full. And they are, I think, until now and until the consummation of the age, the twelve full baskets of the fragments of the living bread, which the crowds are not able to eat, with the disciples of Jesus who are greater than the crowds. And those eating from the five loaves before the twelve baskets of leftovers were related to the number five, having reached as far as the sensible things, and for this reason five thousand; or also those who ate reached as far as the sensible things, since these too were fed by the one who looked up to heaven and blessed and broke them, and not children nor women, but men. For there are also, I think, differences in sensible foods, so that some of them are for those who have done away with 'the things of a child,' and some are for those still childish and carnal 'in Christ.' 11.3 And these things have been said by us on account of 'those eating were five thousand men, apart from children and women'; which is ambiguous: for either those who ate were five thousand men and there was no child or woman among those eating, or that there were five thousand men alone, with neither children nor women being counted. Some, therefore, as we have already said, have understood it this way, that neither children nor women were present for what had been increased and multiplied from the five loaves and the two fish. But one might say that, with many eating and partaking of the loaves of blessing according to their worth and ability, those worthy of being numbered—analogous to the twenty-year-old Israelites counted in the book of Numbers—were men; but those not worthy of such an account and number were children and women. Interpret allegorically for me also the children according to 'I could not speak to you as to spiritual men but as to carnal, as to babes in Christ,' and the women according to 'for I want to present you all as a pure virgin to Christ,' and the men according to 'when I became a man, I did away with the things of a child.' Let us not pass over then unexplained also the 'having commanded the crowds to recline on the grass, taking the five loaves and the two fish, looking up to heaven he blessed, and breaking he gave the loaves to the disciples, and the disciples to the crowds. And they all ate.' For what does 'and having commanded all the crowds to recline on the grass' mean, and what is worthy of the command of Jesus to understand in this passage? But I think that he commanded the crowds to recline on the grass on account of what was said in Isaiah
πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας οἱ μαθηταὶ λέγουσιν ἔχειν παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ καὶ τῷ Μάρκῳ καὶ τῷ Λουκᾷ, οὔθ' ὅτι πύρινοι οὔθ' ὅτι κρίθινοι ἦσαν ὑποσημειωσάμενοι· ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης μόνος κριθίνους εἶπεν εἶναι τοὺς ἄρτους, διὸ τάχα οὐδὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ ὁμολογοῦσιν <ἔχειν> αὐτοὺς παρ' ἑαυτοῖς ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ἰωάννου εὐαγγελίῳ, ἀλλὰ λέγουσι παρ' αὐτῷ ὅτι «ἔστι παιδάριον ὧδε ὃς ἔχει πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους καὶ δύο ὀψάρια». Καὶ ὅσον μὲν οἱ πέντε ἄρτοι οὗτοι καὶ οἱ δύο ἰχθύες οὐκ ἐφέροντο ὑπὸ τῶν μαθητῶν τῷ Ἰησοῦ, οὐκ ηὔξανον οὐδὲ ἐπλήθυνον οὐδὲ ἐδύναντο τρέφειν πλείονας· ὅτε δὲ λαβὼν αὐτοὺς ὁ σωτὴρ πρῶτον ἀνέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ταῖς ἀκτῖσι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ οἱονεὶ καταβιβάζων δύναμιν ἐκεῖθεν, τὴν ἀνακραθησομένην τοῖς ἄρτοις καὶ τοῖς ἰχθύσι, μέλλουσι τρέφειν τοὺς πεντακισχιλίους, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ηὐλόγησε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας, τῷ λόγῳ καὶ τῇ εὐλογίᾳ αὔξων καὶ πληθύνων αὐτούς, καὶ τρίτον μερίζων καὶ κλῶν ἔδωκε τοῖς μαθηταῖς, ἵν' ἐκεῖνοι τοῖς ὄχλοις παραθῶσι, τότε διήρκεσαν οἱ ἄρτοι καὶ οἱ ἰχθύες, ὡς φαγεῖν πάντας καὶ κορεσθῆναι καί τινας τῶν εὐλογηθέντων ἄρτων μὴ χωρῆσαι φαγεῖν. Ἐπερίσσευσε γὰρ τοῖς ὄχλοις τοσαῦτα ἃ κατὰ μὲν τοὺς ὄχλους οὐκ ἦν, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς δυναμένους μαθητὰς ἆραι τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων καὶ ἀποθέσθαι εἰς κοφίνους πληρουμένους τῶν περισσευμάτων, ὄντας τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοσούτους ὅσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἐν Ψαλμοῖς γέγραπται· «Αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κοφίνῳ ἐδούλευσαν», περὶ δὲ τῶν Ἰησοῦ μαθητῶν ὅτι ἦραν τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων οἱ δώδεκα, οἶμαι, δώδεκα κοφίνους οὐχ ἡμιτελεῖς, ἀλλὰ πλήρεις. Καί εἰσιν, οἶμαι, μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο καὶ ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος οἱ πλήρεις κόφινοι δώδεκα τῶν κλασμάτων ἄρτου ζῶντος, οὓς μὴ δύνανται οἱ ὄχλοι ἐσθίειν, παρὰ τοῖς τῶν ὄχλων κρείττοσι μαθηταῖς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ. Ἦσαν δὲ οἱ ἐσθίοντες ἀπὸ τῶν πέντε ἄρτων τῶν πρὸ τῶν περισσευσάντων κοφίνων δώδεκα συγγενεῖς τῷ πέντε ἀριθμῷ μέχρι τῶν αἰσθητῶν φθάσαντες καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πεντακισχίλιοι· ἢ καὶ μέχρι τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἔφθασαν οἱ φαγόντες, ἐπεὶ καὶ οὗτοι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀναβλέψαντος εἰς οὐρανὸν ἐτράφησαν καὶ εὐλογήσαντος καὶ κλάσαντος αὐτούς, καὶ οὐ παῖδες οὐδὲ γυναῖκες, ἀλλ' ἄνδρες. Εἰσὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν αἰσθηταῖς, οἶμαι, τροφαῖς διαφοραί, ὡς τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν εἶναι <τῶν> καταργησάντων «τὰ τοῦ νηπίου», τινὰς δὲ τῶν νηπίων ἔτι καὶ σαρκίνων «ἐν Χριστῷ». 11.3 Καὶ ταῦτα δὲ ἡμῖν λέλεκται διὰ τὸ οἱ ἐσθίοντες ἦσαν ἄνδρες πεντακισχίλιοι χωρὶς παιδίων καὶ γυναικῶν· ὅπερ ἀμφίβολόν ἐστιν· ἢ γὰρ οἱ φαγόντες ἦσαν ἄνδρες πεντα κισχίλιοι καὶ οὐδεὶς ἦν ἐν τοῖς ἐσθίουσι παιδίον ἢ γυνή, ἢ ὅτι μόνον ἄνδρες πεντακισχίλιοι ἦσαν μὴ ἀριθμουμένων μήτε παίδων μήτε γυναικῶν. Τινὲς μὲν οὖν, ὡς φθάσαντες εἰρή καμεν, οὕτως ἐξειλήφασιν, ὅτι οὔτε παιδία οὔτε γυναῖκες παρῆσαν τοῖς ηὐξηκόσι καὶ πεπληθυσμένοις ἀπὸ τῶν πέντε ἄρτων καὶ τῶν δύο ἰχθύων. Εἴποι δ' ἄν τις ὅτι, πολλῶν φαγόντων καὶ κατ' ἀξίαν καὶ δύναμιν μετειληφότων ἀπὸ τῶν τῆς εὐλογίας ἄρτων, οἱ μὲν ἀριθμῶν ἄξιοι- ἀνάλογον τοῖς ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν Ἀριθμῶν ἀριθμηθεῖσιν εἰκοσαετέσιν Ἰσραηλίταις- ἄνδρες ἦσαν· οἱ δὲ μὴ ἄξιοι τηλικούτου λόγου καὶ ἀριθμοῦ παῖδες ἦσαν καὶ γυναῖκες. Τροπολόγει δέ μοι καὶ τοὺς παῖδας κατὰ τὸ «οὐκ ἠδυνήθην ὑμῖν λαλῆσαι ὡς πνευματικοῖς ἀλλ' ὡς σαρκίνοις, ὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ», καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας κατὰ τὸ «βούλομαι δὲ τοὺς πάντας ὑμᾶς παρθένον ἁγνὴν παραστῆσαι τῷ Χριστῷ», τοὺς δὲ ἄνδρας κατὰ τὸ «ὅτε γέγονα ἀνήρ, κατήργηκα τὰ τοῦ νηπίου». Μὴ παρέλθωμεν <δὲ> ἀδιήγητον καὶ τὸ κελεύσας τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου, λαβὼν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας, ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ηὐλόγησε, καὶ κλάσας ἔδωκε τοῖς μαθηταῖς τοὺς ἄρτους, οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις. Καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες. Τί γὰρ σημαίνει τὸ καὶ κελεύσας πάντας τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου καὶ τί ἄξιόν ἐστι τῆς κελεύσεως Ἰησοῦ νοῆσαι κατὰ τὸν τόπον; Νομίζω δὲ ὅτι τοὺς ὄχλους ἐκέλευσεν ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐν τῷ χόρτῳ διὰ τὸ ἐν Ἡσαΐᾳ λελεγμένον