Phaeacians, that they might be the most skilled of all men; (like) the little ear, which alone is unaspirated (made smooth) of all the others being aspirated and having an acute accent. The preposition *epi* as always brings like (god) to [to] like. XYLON (wood), of the part of speech, of a noun, of neuter gender, of a derivative form. And from where does it come? From *xyo* (I scrape), that which is suitable for being scraped. The XY is unaspirated, why? From *xyo*. And that, why? Verbs in -YŌ are written with a simple Y (upsilon psilon), except for *oio* meaning "I suppose," and *oio* meaning "I carry," and *oio* meaning "I am alone," from which also comes "Odysseus was left alone," instead of "he was left alone." And otherwise: neuter nouns of one class ending in -YLON are written with a simple Y, for example *skylon* (spoil), *phylon* (tribe); it is added "of one 44 class" because of *koilon* (hollow); for this is written with the OI diphthong; but this is not an objection to us; for from *koïlon* it became *koilon* by synaeresis. Why is it barytone? Neuter nouns ending in -ON with a Y in the penultimate syllable are barytone, *pyon* (the ulcer), *bryon*, *xylon*, and the like. PEPHYTEUMENON (having been planted), of what part of speech is it? From where does it come? From *phyteuo* (I plant), this from *phyton* (plant), and *phyton* from *phyo* (I grow), "I sprout." How many things does it mean? ...As in, "one generation of men springs up, and another passes away"; "I exist," as "the god being by nature from sunless gates," and "I hold," "I embrace," as in "then he grew to his hand, and he spoke the word and called him by name." *Phyteuo*, and the future is *phyteuso*, the perfect is *pephyteuka*? The passive is *pephyteumai*, the participle is *o pephyteumenos*. Why does it lower the accent? Participles in -MENOS are proparoxytone, except for the passive perfect, and this too when it is by affection is proparoxytone, as in *ormemenos* from *ormemenos*, and *degmenos* from *dedegmenos*, and in similar cases. And why "except for the passive perfect"? Because the passive perfect suffered syncope in the verb and a lack of a syllable, for this reason it was not able to have its own participle be proparoxytone, so that it might not give the impression that the syncope occurred in the participle. For syncopes raise the accents, *opisōthen*, *opisthen*. The PHY is short, why? It is found short in the poet, "they neither plant a plant, nor do they plow." *Phyteuo* and the future is *phyteuso*, the perfect is *pephyteuka*; the middle perfect; it does not form one. Why? Pure verbs ending in -Ō with a penultimate diphthong through A(U) form neither a middle perfect nor a second aorist, for example *basileuo*, *douleuo*, *phyteuo*, except for *akouo*. TAS DIEXODOUS (the ways out), a feminine noun, a compound derivative, for it is formed from the preposition *dia* and *ex* and *odon*. How 45 is the nominative singular? *Diexodos*. How many parts of speech are there? One part of speech. Why? Prepositions with indeclinables and with the nominatives of nouns are in composition, but with the oblique cases they are in composition. But every preposition, if it comes to be compounded in the nominative, preserves the composition also in the oblique cases. The XO is short, why? Compounds from *odos* are written with O, for example *anodos*, *kathodos*, *eisodos*, *exodos*, *proodos*; *palinodia* being written with a long Ō is not an objection to us, from *palin* and *ode*. HYDŌR from *hyo* "I wet," *hyor*, and with the pleonasm of D, *hydor*. In how many ways is D pleonastic? In four ways; look in *aner*. The Y is simple, why? From *hyo* "I wet." And that, why? Verbs in -YŌ are written with a simple Y. A rough breathing on the Y, why? A Y beginning any word is aspirated. The DŌR is omega, why? All words in -ŌR are written with a long Ō, except for *anor*, (*agor*,) *kalor*, *etor*, *aor*, *Bosor*, *Nabouchodonosor*. It is barytone. (why?) Words in -ŌR of more than one syllable of every form and gender are barytone, for example *Hektor*, *Nestor*, *mestor*, *helor*, *hydor*, and the like. *ichor* is noted as oxytone, since this alone differed in its declension. For disyllabic masculine nouns in -ŌR not having L are declined with O, for example *Nestoros*, *Hektoros*. Therefore *ichor*, not being declined like the others, also changed in respect to its accent. *Hydor*, is the Y long or short? It varies in quantity; but the

Φαίηκες, ι῾´να πάντων ι᾿´δριες α᾿νδρῶν· (ω᾿῀ς) τὸ ὠτίον, ο῾´περ μόνον ζυλοῦται (ψιλοῦται) τῶν α᾿´λλων πάντων δασυνομένων καὶ ὀξυνομένων. Τὴν ε᾿πι` πρόθεσιν ὡς α᾿ει` τὸν ὁμοῖον α᾿´γει (θεὸς) ὡς [ε᾿πι`] τὸν ὁμοῖον. ΞΎΛΟΝ, μέρους λόγου, ο᾿νο´ματος, γένους ου᾿δετέρου, ει᾿´δους παραγώγου. Καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ ξύω τὸ ἐπιτή δειον πρὸς τὸ ξύεσθαι. Τὸ ΞΥ ψιλὸν, διατί;Ἐκ τοῦ ξύω· Καὶ ἐκεῖνο διὰ τί; Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΥΩ ῥήματα διὰ τοῦ Υ ψιλοῦ γράφεται, πλὴν τοῦ οι᾿´ω τὸ ὑπολαμβάνω, καὶ οι᾿´ω τὸ κομίζω, καὶ οἰῶ τὸ μονῶ, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ οἰώθη δ'Ὀδυσσεύς. α᾿ντὶ τοῦ ἐμονώθη. Καὶ α᾿´λλως· τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΥΛΟΝ ου᾿δε´τερα μονογενῆ διὰ τοῦ Υ ψιλοῦ γράφεται, οι῾῀ον σκῦλον, φῦλον· πρόσκειται "μονο 44 γενῆ" διὰ τὸ κοῖλον· τοῦτο γὰρ διὰ τῆς ΟΙ διφθόγγου γρά φεται· α᾿λλ' ου᾿κ ἀντίκειται ἡμῖν· α᾿πο` γὰρ τοῦ κόι¨λον γέγονε κατὰ συναίρεσιν κοῖλον. ∆ιατί βαρύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΝ λή γοντα ου᾿δε´τερα τῷ Υ παραλήγοντα βαρύνεται, πύον (τὸ ε῾´λκος,) βρύον, ξύλον, καὶ τὰ ο῾´μοια. ΠΕΦΥΤΕΥΜΈΝΟΝ, ποίου μέρους λόγου ε᾿στίν;Ὅθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ φυτεύω, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ φυτὸν, τὸ δὲ φυτὸν παρὰ τὸ φύω, τὸ ἀναβλαστάνω. Πόσα σημαίνει; ...Ὡς τὸ, α᾿νθρώπων γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει, ἡ δ' α᾿πολήγει· τὸ ὑπάρχω, ὡς ὁ θεὸς πεφυκὼς ε᾿κ πυλῶν α᾿νηλίων, καὶ τὸ κρατῶ, περιπλέκω, ὡς τὸ ε᾿´ν τ' α᾿´ρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ε᾿´πος τ' ε᾿´φατ' ε᾿´κ τ' ο᾿νο´μαζε. Φυτεύω, καὶ ὁ μέλλων φυτεύσω, ὁ παρακείμενος πεφύτευκα; ὁ παθητικὸς πεφύτευμαι, ἡ μετοχὴ ὁ πεφυτευμένος. ∆ιατί καταβιβάζει τὸν τόνον; Αἱ ει᾿ς ΜΈΝΟΣ μετοχαὶ προπαροξύνονται, πλὴν τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου, καὶ ου῾῀τος δὲ ο῾´τε κατὰ πάθος ε᾿στὶ προπαροξύνεται, ὡς τὸ ὡρμημένος ω῾´ρμενος, καὶ δεδεγμένος δέγμενος, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίων. Καὶ διατί "πλὴν τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου;" ∆ιότι ὁ παθητικὸς παρακείμενος συγκοπὴν ε᾿´παθεν ε᾿ν τῷ ῥήματι καὶ ε᾿´νδειαν συλλαβῆς, τούτου χάριν ου᾿κ ἠδύνατο ε᾿´χειν τὴν ι᾿δι´αν μετοχὴν προπαροξύτονον, ι῾´να μὴ παράσχῃ ε᾿´μφασιν, ο῾´τι ε᾿ν τῇ μετοχῇ ἐγένετο ἡ συγκοπή. Αἱ γὰρ συγκοπαὶ ἀναβιβά ζουσι τοὺς τόνους, ο᾿πι´σωθεν, ο᾿´πισθεν. Τὸ ΦΥ βραχὺ, διατί; Παρὰ τῷ ποιητῇ ευ῾´ρηται βραχὺ, ου᾿´τε φυτεύουσι φυτὸν, ου᾿´τ' α᾿ροῶσι. Φυτεύω καὶ ὁ μέλλων φυτεύσω, ὁ παρακείμενος πεφύτευκα· ὁ μέσος παρακείμενος· ου᾿ ποιεῖ. ∆ιατί; Τὰ ει᾿ς Ω καθαρὰ(ὸν) λήγοντα ῥήματα διφθόγγῳ τῇ διὰ τοῦ Α(Υ) παραληγούσῃ ου᾿´τε μέσον παρακείμενον ποιοῦσιν, ου᾿´τε δεύτερον ἀόριστον, οι῾῀ον βασιλεύω, δουλεύω, φυτεύω, πλὴν τοῦ ἀκούω. ΤᾺΣ ∆ΙΕΞΌ∆ΟΥΣ, ο᾿´νομα θηλυκὸν, παρασύνθετον, γίνεται γὰρ παρὰ τὴν διὰ πρόθεσιν καὶ τὴν ε᾿ξ καὶ τὸ ὁδόν.Ἡ 45 ευ᾿θεῖα τῶν ἑνικῶν πῶς ε᾿στι; ∆ιέξοδος. Πόσα μέρη λόγου ει᾿σι´ν;Ἓν μέρος λόγου. ∆ιατί; Αἱ προθέσεις μετὰ τῶν α᾿πτώτων καὶ τῶν ευ᾿θειῶν τῶν ο᾿νομάτων ε᾿ν συνθέσει ει᾿σι`, μετὰ δὲ τῶν πλαγίων ε᾿ν συνθέσει. Πᾶσα δὲ πρόθεσις ἐὰν φθάσῃ συντεθῆναι ε᾿π' ευ᾿θείας, φυλάσσει τὴν σύνθεσιν καὶ ἐν ταῖς πλαγίαις. Τὸ ΞΟ μικρὸν, διατί; Τὰ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν συγκείμενα διὰ τοῦ Ο γράφεται, οι῾῀ον α᾿´νοδος, κάθοδος, ει᾿´σοδος, ε᾿´ξοδος, πρόοδος· ου᾿κ ἀντίκειται ἡμῖν τὸ παλινῳδία διὰ τοῦ Ω μεγάλου γραφόμενον, α᾿πο` τοῦ πάλιν καὶ ᾠδή. Ὕ∆ΩΡ παρὰ τὸ υ῾´ω τὸ βρέχω, υ῾´ωρ, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ∆ υ῾´δωρ. Ποσαχῶς πλεονάζει τὸ ∆; Τετραχῶς· ζήτει ει᾿ς τὸν α᾿νη´ρ. Τὸ Υ ψιλὸν, διατί;Ἐκ τοῦ υ῾´ω τὸ βρέχω. Καὶ ἐκεῖνο διατί; Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΥΩ ῥήματα διὰ τοῦ Υ ψιλοῦ γράφεται. Ει᾿ς τὸν Υ δασεῖαν, διατί; Τὸ Υ πάσης λέξεως α᾿´ρχον δασύνεται. Τὸ ∆ΩΡ Ω, διατί; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΩΡ α῾´παντα διὰ τοῦ Ω μεγάλου γράφεται, πλὴν τοῦ α᾿´νορ, (α᾿γο`ρ,) κάλορ, η᾿῀τορ, α᾿´ορ, Βοσὸρ, Ναβουχοδονόσορ. Βαρύνεται. (διὰ τί;) Τὰ ει᾿ς ΩΡ ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν ε᾿πι` παντὸς σχήματος καὶ γένους βαρύ νονται, οι῾῀ονἝκτωρ, Νέστωρ, μήστωρ, ε῾´λωρ, υ῾´δωρ, καὶ τὰ ο῾´μοια. Σεσημείωται τὸ ἰχὼρ ο᾿ξυ`, ε᾿πεὶ τοῦτο μόνον διήλ λαξε περὶ τὴν κλίσιν. Τὰ γὰρ ει᾿ς ΩΡ α᾿ρσενικὰ δισύλλαβα μὴ ε᾿´χοντα τὸ Λ διὰ τοῦ Ο κλίνονται, οι῾῀ον Νέστορος, Ἕκτορος. Τὸ τοίνυν ι᾿χω`ρ μὴ ὁμοίως τοῖς α᾿´λλοις κλιθὲν ε᾿νη´λλαξε καὶ περὶ τὸν τόνον. Ὕδωρ, τὸ Υ μακρόν ε᾿στιν η᾿` βραχύ; ∆ιφορεῖται κατὰ τὸν χρόνον· α᾿λλὰ τὸ μὲν