John Chrysostom, On John

the prophets turn about this form of proof; and not simply, but also while contending against the glory of idols. For gods, he says, who did not make the heaven and the earth, let them perish; and again, I by my hand stretched out the heaven; and to show that this is an indication of divinity, he places it everywhere. But the evangelist himself was not content with these sayings, but also called him life and light. If, therefore, he was always with the Father, if he himself created all things, if he himself brought forth and holds all things together (for this he hinted at through the word "life"), if he enlightens all things; who is so foolish as to say that through these things the evangelist was zealous to introduce a lessening of divinity, things through which it is especially possible to show equality and exact likeness? Let us not, then, confuse the creation with the creator, lest we too hear, that They worshipped the creation rather than the creator. For even if they were to say this was spoken of the heavens, nevertheless in the discourse concerning these things he utterly forbade the worship of creation, as being a Gentile practice. 4. Let us not, therefore, subject them to this curse. For this reason the Son of God came, that he might deliver us from this worship; for this reason he took the form of a servant, that he might free us from this slavery; for this reason he was spat upon, for this reason he was struck, for this reason he endured a shameful death. Let us not then make all these things fruitless, nor return again to our former impiety, or rather to one much more grievous. For it is not the same thing to worship the creation, and to bring down the Creator himself to the lowliness of the creation, as far as it is in our power. For he remains what he is. For you are the same, he says, and your years will not fail. Let us therefore glorify him, as we have received from the fathers; let us glorify him, both through faith and through works. For there is no benefit to us for salvation from sound doctrines, if our life is corrupt. Therefore let us regulate it according to what is pleasing to God, putting ourselves far from all baseness, injustice, greed, as strangers and sojourners, and aliens to the things here. And if anyone has much money and possessions, let him use them as a sojourner who a little later will depart from them both willingly and unwillingly. And if anyone is wronged by another, let him not be angry eternally, or rather, not even for a time. For the Apostle did not give us more than one day to use for anger; For, he says, let not the sun go down on your wrath. And reasonably so; for it is desirable that even in so short a time nothing unpleasant should happen. But if night should also overtake it, what has happened becomes more terrible, with a vast fire 59.51 being gathered for us from memory, and at our leisure we examine them more bitterly. Therefore, before we take up this deadly leisure, and kindle a fiercer fire, he commands us to anticipate and extinguish the terrible thing. For the passion of anger is sharp, and sharper than any flame. Therefore we need great speed to anticipate the flame, and not allow it to be raised on high. For this disease is thus the cause of many evils. At any rate, it has overthrown whole houses, and dissolved ancient friendships, and has wrought inconsolable tragedies in a short and momentary time. For the impulse of his anger, he says, is his fall. Let us not then leave the beast unbridled, but let us put on it a strong muzzle from all sides, the fear of the future judgment. When a friend grieves you or one of your household provokes you, consider your sins against God, and that by your gentleness toward that person you make that tribunal gentler for yourself; For, forgive, he says, and you will be forgiven; and the passion will quickly flee. In addition to these things, consider this also, whether at any time when carried away into wildness you controlled yourself, and whether at any time you were swept away by the passion, and compare both occasions, and from this you will receive great correction. For tell me: when did you praise yourself, when you were defeated, or when you were victorious? Is it not then that we vehemently accuse ourselves and are ashamed, even when no one reproves us, and much the

ἀποδείξεως τὸ εἶδος περιστρέφουσιν οἱ προφῆται· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῶν εἰδώλων ἀγωνιζόμενοι δόξαν. Θεοὶ γὰρ, φησὶν, οἳ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐποίησαν, ἀπολέσθωσαν· καὶ πάλιν· Ἐγὼ τῇ χειρί μου ἐξέτεινα τὸν οὐρανόν· καὶ δεικνὺς θεότητος εἶναι δηλωτικὸν, πανταχοῦ αὐτὸ τίθησιν. Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς οὐδὲ τούτοις ἠρκέσθη τοῖς ῥήμασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ζωὴν αὐτὸν ἐκάλεσε καὶ φῶς. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀεὶ μετὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἦν, εἰ πάντα αὐτὸς ἐδημιούργησε, εἰ πάντα αὐτὸς παρήγαγε καὶ συγκροτεῖ (τοῦτο γὰρ διὰ τῆς ζωῆς ᾐνίξατο), εἰ πάντα φωτίζει· τίς οὕτως ἀνόητος, ὡς εἰπεῖν, τὸν εὐαγγελιστὴν διὰ τούτων ἐσπουδακέναι ἐλάττωσιν θεότητος εἰσηγήσασθαι, δι' ὧν μάλιστα ἰσότητα καὶ ἀπαραλλαξίαν ἐνδείξασθαι δυνατόν ἐστι; Μὴ δὴ συγχέωμεν τὴν κτίσιν μετὰ τοῦ κτίσαντος, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀκούσωμεν, ὅτι Ἐσεβάσθησαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ περὶ οὐρανῶν λέγοιεν τοῦτο εἰρῆσθαι, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐν τῷ περὶ τούτων λόγῳ παντελῶς ἀπεῖπε τὸ μὴ δεῖν κτίσει λατρεύειν, ὡς Ἑλληνικὸν ὄν. δʹ. Μὴ τοίνυν ταύτῃ ὑποβάλωμεν αὐτοὺς τῇ ἀρᾷ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἦλθεν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς, ἵνα ταύτης ἡμᾶς ἀπαλλάξῃ τῆς λατρείας· διὰ τοῦτο δούλου μορφὴν ἔλαβεν, ἵνα τῆς δουλείας ἐλευθερώσῃ ταύτης· διὰ τοῦτο ἐνεπτύσθη, διὰ τοῦτο ἐῤῥαπίσθη, διὰ τοῦτο θάνατον ὑπέμεινε τὸν ἐπονείδιστον. Μὴ δὴ ταῦτα πάντα ἀνόνητα ποιῶμεν, μηδὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν προτέραν ἐπανερχώμεθα ἀσέβειαν, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπὶ πολλῷ χαλεπωτέραν. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον τῇ κτίσει λατρεύειν, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν ∆ημιουργὸν εἰς κτίσεως κατάγειν εὐτέλειαν, τό γε εἰς ἡμᾶς ἧκον. Αὐτὸς γὰρ μένει τοιοῦτος ὢν οἷός ἐστι. Σὺ γὰρ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσι. ∆οξάζωμεν οὖν αὐτὸν, ὥσπερ παρελάβομεν παρὰ τῶν πατέρων· δοξάζωμεν αὐτὸν, καὶ διὰ πίστεως καὶ δι' ἔργων. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὄφελος ἡμῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν δογμάτων ὑγιῶν, διεφθαρμένης ἡμῖν τῆς ζωῆς. ∆ιὸ ῥυθμίσωμεν αὐτὴν πρὸς τὸ τῷ Θεῷ δοκοῦν, αἰσχρότητος ἁπάσης, ἀδικίας, πλεονεξίας πόῤῥω καθιστῶντες ἑαυτοὺς, ὡς ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι, καὶ τῶν ἐνταῦθα ἀλλότριοι. Κἂν χρήματά τις ἔχῃ πολλὰ καὶ κτήματα, οὕτως αὐτοῖς κεχρήσθω, ὡς πάροικος καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον αὐτῶν ἀποστησόμενος καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων. Κἂν ἠδικημένος τις ᾖ παρά τινος, μὴ ἀθάνατα ὀργιζέσθω, μᾶλλον δὲ μηδὲ πρόσκαιρα. Μιᾶς γὰρ ἡμῖν πλέον οὐκ ἔδωκεν ὁ Ἀπόστολος ἡμέρας τῇ ὀργῇ καταχρήσασθαι· Ὁ ἥλιος γὰρ, φησὶ, μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν. Καὶ εἰκότως· ἀγαπητὸν γὰρ καὶ ἐν οὕτω βραχεῖ καιρῷ μηδὲν γενέσθαι ἀηδές. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἡ νὺξ καταλάβοι, δεινότερα γίνεται τὰ γεγενημένα, μυρίου πυ 59.51 ρὸς ἀπὸ τῆς μνήμης ἡμῖν συλλεγομένου, καὶ κατὰ σχολὴν πικρότερον ἡμῶν ἐξεταζόντων αὐτά. Πρὶν οὖν τῆς ὀλεθρίας ταύτης ἐπιλαβέσθαι σχολῆς, καὶ σφοδροτέραν ἀνάψαι τὴν πυρὰν, κελεύει προκαταλαμβάνειν καὶ σβεννύναι τὸ δεινόν. Ὀξὺ γὰρ τὸ πάθος ἐστὶ τῆς ὀργῆς, καὶ φλογὸς ἁπάσης ὀξύτερον. ∆ιὸ πολλοῦ δεῖ τοῦ τάχους ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ προκαταλαβεῖν τὴν φλόγα, καὶ μὴ συγχωρῆσαι πρὸς ὕψος ἀρθῆναι. Καὶ γὰρ πολλῶν οὕτως αἴτιον γίνεται κακῶν τὸ νόσημα τοῦτο. Οἰκίας γοῦν ὁλοκλήρους ἀνέτρεψε, καὶ συνηθείας ἀρχαίας διέλυσε, καὶ τραγῳδίας ἀπαραμυθήτους εἰργάσατο ἐν βραχεῖ καὶ ἀκαριαίῳ χρόνῳ. Ἡ γὰρ ῥοπὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ, πτῶσις αὐτῷ, φησί. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀχαλίνωτον ἐῶμεν τὸ θηρίον, ἀλλὰ κημὸν αὐτῷ πάντοθεν σφοδρὸν, τοῦ δικαστηρίου τοῦ μέλλοντος τὸν φόβον, ἐμβάλλωμεν. Ὅταν σε λυπήσῃ φίλος ἢ καὶ παροξύνῃ τις τῶν οἰκείων, ἐννόησον τὰ ἡμαρτημένα σοι εἰς Θεὸν, καὶ ὅτι τῇ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἐπιεικείᾳ πραότερον σαυτῷ καθιστᾷς τὸ δικαστήριον ἐκεῖνο· Ἄφετε γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ἀφεθήσεται ὑμῖν· καὶ ταχέως δραπετεύσει τὸ πάθος Πρὸς τούτοις κἀκεῖνο σκόπησον, εἴποτε εἰς ἀγριότητα ἐξενεχθεὶς ἐκράτησας σαυτοῦ, καὶ εἴποτε παρεσύρης ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους, καὶ ἀμφοτέρους παράβαλε τοὺς καιροὺς, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν πολλὴν λήψῃ διόρθωσιν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι· πότε σαυτὸν ἐπῄνεσας, ἡνίκα ἡττήθης, ἢ ὅτε ἐκράτησας; Οὐχὶ τότε σφοδρῶς μὲν ἐγκαλοῦμεν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ αἰσχυνόμεθα, καὶ μηδενὸς ἐλέγχοντος ἡμᾶς, καὶ πολὺ τὸ