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But that I might pass over the others, being many, from these things which I wish to say, learn and be taught that by the self-determination of his will, each man, becomes either contrite and humble, or hard-hearted and proud. And rightly so. For when two men renounce the world who are of the same craft, of the same race, of the same age, sometimes even brothers, of one mind, of like character, evil, I say, and hard, merciless, most cruel, lovers of the flesh and lovers of money, and who have equally pursued every form of wickedness and evil, and they enter together into the arena of the ascetic life, one of them achieves every virtue at once, by the fervor of his faith and purpose, making a cutting off of all evils, but the other becomes worse than he was before his renunciation. Why then were the things of virtue not equally accomplished by them, (63) just as the things of wickedness had reached their peak? Is it not that the one, with the purpose of a good soul, endured all the painful things according to God, and in addition to these, from his very entry and renunciation, gave heed intelligently to the divine Scriptures and of his own accord chose to do the good, imitating the lives of the more devout men and vying with them in fastings and prayers, in supplications, in silence of the lips, in contrition and tears, in abstinence from pleasant foods and untimely conversations, in abstinence from temper and anger and clamor, laboriously enduring insults and tribulations and hardships, and choosing the lowly and more dishonorable of tasks, not contradicting or grumbling when commanded, but readily accomplishing all things and always pursuing the last place and considering himself lowlier than all and, to speak simply, doing all things with knowledge, as the divine Scriptures clearly teach us, so that, having obtained mercy and forgiveness for his former evils, he might find boldness before God? But the other, doing the opposite of all these things with the purpose of an evil soul, remained what he was even before his renunciation, an evil man, that I may not say even worse than he was.

Thus not from nature, as some suppose, but from choice does every man become either humble and easily moved to contrition, or hard of heart and calloused and without contrition. For when, tell me, will he be pricked in his soul and a tear drop from his eyes, who almost every day wanders here and there and cares neither for silence of the lips, nor for prayer, (64) nor for reading and quiet, but sometimes conversing with those near him in the assemblies, and depriving not only himself but also those with whom he converses of any benefit, and at other times slandering and reviling the devout among the brethren and sometimes even the superior? When will he acquire contrition who meddles in all the affairs of the monastery, and not only the affairs of the monastery, but also the life of each individual? and sometimes saying to some of the brethren: "I heard such-and-such yesterday," he says, and at other times: "Did you learn what happened to so-and-so, the humble one?" and again: "Have you heard of the misfortune of so-and-so?". When then will such a man remember his own evils, so that, being in pain, he might bring down a tear from his eyes? And what of him who leaves the assembly at the time of the reading of the divine Scriptures and sitting near or far off converses with certain others - with sometimes he and sometimes the others putting forth unprofitable topics and speaking thus: "Have you heard," he says, "what the abbot has done to brother so-and-so?" and the other: "Well, if I tell you what he did to so-and-so, the humble one, what will you have to say?" and thus, one who speaks such things and worse than these, and occupies and is occupied with such idle talk, when will he come to a consciousness of his own sins and bewail himself?

For he who does not pay attention to the God-inspired oracles, nor sets a door about his lips, nor turns away his ear from a vain report and is mindful of the final defense and the fearful judgment seat of Christ, how we all must stand before Him naked and exposed and give an account for the

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Ἵνα δέ τούς ἄλλους παρήσω πολλούς ὄντας, ἐκ τούτων ὧν εἰπεῖν βούλομαι μάθετε καί διδάχθητε ὅτι προαιρέσεως αὐτεξουσιότητι ἕκαστος, ἤ κατανυκτικός καί ταπεινός, ἤ σκληροκάρδιος καί ὑπερήφανος γίνεται. Καί εἰκότως. ∆ύο γάρ τινων ἀποτασσομένων τῷ βίῳ ὁμοτέχνων, ὁμογενῶν, συνηλικιωτῶν, ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε καί ἀδελφῶν, ὁμογνωμόνων, ὁμοτρόπων, πονηρῶν, φημί, καί σκληρῶν, ἀσπλάχνων, ὠμοτάτων, φιλασάρκων καί φιλαργύρων καί πᾶν εἶδος κακίας καί πονηρίας μετελθόντων ἐπίσης, καί εἰσερχομένων αὐτῶν ἅμα εἰς τό τῆς ἀσκήσεως στάδιον, ὁ μέν αὐτῶν κατορθοῖ πᾶσαν ὁμοῦ ἀρετήν, ζέσει πίστεως καί προθέσεως, πάντων ἀποκοπήν ποιούμενος τῶν κακῶν, ὁ δέ χείρων ἤ ὅπερ ἦν πρό τοῦ ἀποτάξασθαι γίνεται. Πόθεν οὖν οὐκ ἐπίσης καί τά τῆς ἀρετῆς αὐτοῖς κατωρθώθη, (63) ὥσπερ καί τά τῆς κακίας ἐκορυφώθη; Οὐχί ὅτι ὁ μέν προθέσει ψυχῆς ἀγαθῆς πάντα τά κατά Θεόν ὑπέμεινε λυπηρά, καί πρός τούτοις προσέχων ἦν ἐξ αὐτῆς εἰσόδου καί ἀποταγῆς νουνεχῶς ταῖς θείαις Γραφαῖς καί οἴκοθεν ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ τό ἀγαθόν ποιεῖν ἐξελέξατο, μιμούμενος τούς τῶν εὐλαβεστέρων ἀνδρῶν βίους καί συναμιλλώμενος αὐτοῖς ἐν νηστείαις καί προσευχαῖς, ἐν δεήσεσιν, ἐν σιωπῇ χειλέων, ἐν κατανύξει καί δάκρυσιν, ἐν ἀποχῇ βρωμάτων ἡδέων καί ἀκαίρων ὁμιλιῶν, ἐν ἀποχῇ θυμοῦ καί ὀργῆς καί κραυγῆς, ὑπομένων ἐμπόνως ὕβρεις καί θλίψεις καί στενοχωρίας, καί τά εὐτελῆ καί ἀτιμότερα ἐκλεγόμενος τῶν ἔργων, μή ἀντιλέγων ἤ γογγύζων ἐπιτασσόμενος, ἀλλά προθύμως ἐπιτελῶν πάντα καί τόν ἔσχατον ἀεί μεταδιώκων τόπον καί ἑαυτόν εὐτελέστερον λογιζόμενος πάντων καί, ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, πάντα ποιῶν μετά γνώσεως, ὅσα ἡμᾶς αἱ θεῖαι Γραφαί σαφῶς ἐκδιδάσκουσιν, ἵνα τυχών ἐλέους καί συγχωρήσεως τῶν προτέρων κακῶν, εὕρῃ παρρησίαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ; Ὁ δέ τά ἐναντία τούτων πάντων προθέσει ψυχῆς πονηρᾶς ποιῶν, ἔμεινεν ὅπερ ἦν καί πρό τοῦ ἀποτάξασθαι πονηρός, ἵνα μή λέγω καί χείρων ἤ ὅπερ ἦν.

Οὕτως οὐκ ἐκ φύσεως, ὥσπερ τινές οἴονται, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ προαιρέσεως γίνεται πᾶς ἄνθρωπος εἴτε ταπεινός καί εὐκατάνυκτος, εἴτε σκληρός τήν καρδίαν καί πεπωρωμένος καί ἀκατάνυκτος. Πότε γάρ, εἰπέ μοι, κατανυγήσεται τήν ψυχήν καί δάκρυον ἐκ ὀφθαλμῶν σταλάξει ὁ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν σχεδόν ὧδε κἀκεῖσε περιερχόμενος καί μήτε σιωπῆς χειλέων, μήτε εὐχῆς, (64) μήτε ἀναγνώσεως καί ἡσυχίας ἐπιμελούμενος, ἀλλά ποτέ μέν προσομιλῶν τοῖς πλησίον ἐν ταῖς συνάξεσι, καί οὐ μόνον ἑαυτόν ἀλλά καί οἷς προσομιλεῖ τῆς ὠφελείας ἀποστερῶν, ποτέ δέ διασύρων καί λοιδορούμενος τούς εὐλαβεῖς τῶν ἀδελφῶν καί αὐτόν ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε τόν προηγούμενον; Πότε κατάνυξιν κτήσεται ὁ πάντα περιεργαζόμενος τά τῆς μονῆς, καί οὐ μόνον τά τῆς μονῆς, ἀλλά καί ἑνός ἑκάστου τόν βίον; καί ποτέ μέν λέγων πρός τινας τῶν ἀδελφῶν· "Ἤκουσα χθές τό καί τό" φησί, ποτέ δέ· "Ἔμαθες τί τῷ δεῖνι συνέβη τῷ ταπεινῷ;" καί πάλιν· "Ἠκούσατε τοῦ δεῖνος τήν συμφοράν; ". Ὁ τοιοῦτος ἄρα πότε τῶν οἰκείων ἀναμνημονεύσει κακῶν, ἵνα καί πονέσας δάκρυον καταφέρῃ ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ; Ὁ δέ καί τῆς συνάξεως ἐξερχόμενος ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς ἀναγνώσεως τῶν θείων Γραφῶν καί ἐγγύς ἤ μακράν καθήμενος καί προσομιλῶν μετά τινων - ποτέ μέν ἐκείνου ποτέ δέ τῶν ἄλλων τάς ἀνωφελεῖς συντυχίας προβαλλομένων καί οὕτω λεγόντων· "Ἠκούσατε, φησί, τί τόν δεῖνα πεποίηκεν ἀδελφόν ὁ ἡγούμενος; " ὁ δέ· "Λοιπόν, ἐάν εἴπω ὑμῖν τί τόν δεῖνα πεποίηκεν τόν ταπεινόν, τί ἔχετε εἰπεῖν; "καί οὕτω τοιαῦτα καί χείρονα τούτων ὁ ὁμιλῶν καί ἀπασχολῶν καί ἀπασχολούμενος εἰς φλυαρίας τοιαύτας, πότε εἰς συναίσθησιν ἔλθῃ τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτημάτων καί ἑαυτόν ἀποκλαύσεται;

Ὁ γάρ μή προσέχων τοῖς θεοπνεύστοις λογίοις, μηδέ θύραν τιθέμενος περί τά χείλη αὐτοῦ, μηδέ ἀποστρέφων τό οὖς αὐτοῦ ἐξ ἀκοῆς ματαίας καί μεμνημένος τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀπολογίας καί τοῦ φοβεροῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅπως γυμνοί καί τετραχηλισμένοι ὀφείλομεν παραστήσεσθαι πάντες αὐτῷ καί δοῦναι λόγον ὑπέρ τῶν