4.56.4 offspring of the earth, all these things that you see? Why then, O foolish and empty-minded ones (for I will say it again), having blasphemed the super-celestial place, have you dragged piety down to the ground, fashioning for yourselves chthonic gods and pursuing these created things before the uncreated 4.56.5 God, have you fallen into a deeper gloom? The Parian stone is beautiful, but not yet Poseidon; ivory is beautiful, but not yet the Olympian; matter is always in need of art, but God is in need of nothing. Art has come forward, the matter is clothed with the form, and the richness of the substance is convertible to profit, but by its shape alone it becomes an object of reverence. 4.56.6 Your statue is gold, it is wood, it is stone, it is earth, if you think from a higher perspective, having received its form from the craftsman. But I have been taught to walk on the earth, not to worship it; for it is not right for me ever to entrust the hopes of my soul to inanimate things. 4.57.1 One must therefore go as close as possible to the statues, so that the related error may be exposed even by their appearance; for the forms of the statues have very clearly impressed upon them the 4.57.2 disposition of the demons. If, then, anyone going about should look at the paintings and the statues, he would at once recognize your gods by their shameful forms, Dionysus from his robe, Hephaestus from his art, Demeter from her misfortune, Ino from her veil, Poseidon from his trident, Zeus from the swan; the pyre reveals Heracles, and if anyone sees a naked woman depicted, 4.57.3 he thinks of the "golden" Aphrodite. Thus that Cypriot Pygmalion fell in love with an ivory statue; the statue was of Aphrodite and it was naked; the Cypriot is overcome by its form and unites with the statue, and Philostephanus relates this; Another Aphrodite in Cnidus was of stone and was beautiful, and another man fell in love with her and unites with the stone; Posidippus relates it, the former in his work *On Cyprus*, the latter in his *On Cnidus*. So much power did art have to deceive, becoming a procuress for erotic men into a pit of destruction. 4.57.4 The creative art is powerful, but it is not able to deceive a rational person, nor indeed those who have lived according to reason; for doves have flown towards paintings of doves, because of the similarity of the depiction, and horses have neighed at well-painted horses. They say a maiden fell in love with an image and a beautiful youth with a statue of Cnidus, but it was the eyes of the beholders 4.57.5 that were deceived by the art. For no one would have had intercourse with a goddess, nor would anyone be buried with a corpse, nor would a sane person fall in love with a demon and a stone. But art deceives you with a different kind of sorcery, if not leading you to fall in love, then leading you to honor and worship both the statues and the 4.57.6 paintings. The painting is a likeness; let the art be praised, but let it not deceive man as if it were truth. The horse stands still, the dove is motionless, its wing is idle; but the cow of Daedalus, made of wood, caught a wild bull, and art, deceiving, compelled the beast to mount a lustful woman. 4.58.1 Such a frenzy have the arts, practicing their evil craft, produced in the foolish. But the keepers and guardians of apes have marveled at them, because none of the wax or clay likenesses and dolls deceives them; will you then become even worse than apes, by paying attention to little statues of stone and wood and gold and ivory and to 4.58.2 paintings. So many destructive toys have been made for you by their creators—the stone-cutters and statue-makers, and again painters and carpenters and poets—introducing a great crowd of such beings, in the fields Satyrs and Pans, and in the woods the mountain Nymphs and the Hamadryads, yes and indeed, also about the waters and the rivers and the springs the Naiads and about the sea 4.58.3 the Nereids. And Magi already demons as ministers of their own impiety
4.56.4 ἔκγονα, τῆς γῆς, τὰ πάντα ταῦτα ὅσα ὁρᾷς; Τί δὴ οὖν, ὦ μάταιοι καὶ κενόφρονες (πάλιν γὰρ δὴ ἐπαναλήψομαι), τὸν ὑπερουράνιον βλασφημήσαντες τόπον εἰς τοὔδαφος κατεσύρατε τὴν εὐσέβειαν, χθονίους ὑμῖν ἀναπλάττοντες θεοὺς καὶ τὰ γενητὰ ταῦτα πρὸ τοῦ ἀγενήτου μετιόντες 4.56.5 θεοῦ βαθυτέρῳ περιπεπτώκατε ζόφῳ; Καλὸς ὁ Πάριος λίθος, ἀλλ' οὐδέπω Ποσειδῶν· καλὸς ὁ ἐλέφας, ἀλλ' οὐδέπω Ὀλύμπιος· ἐνδεὴς ἀεί ποτε ἡ ὕλη τῆς τέχνης, ὁ θεὸς δὲ ἀνενδεής. Προῆλθεν ἡ τέχνη, περιβέβληται τὸ σχῆμα ἡ ὕλη, καὶ τὸ πλούσιον τῆς οὐσίας πρὸς μὲν τὸ κέρδος ἀγώγιμον, μόνῳ δὲ τῷ σχήματι γίνεται σεβάσμιον. 4.56.6 Χρυσός ἐστι τὸ ἄγαλμά σου, ξύλον ἐστίν, λίθος ἐστίν, γῆ ἐστιν, ἐὰν ἄνωθεν νοήσῃς, μορφὴν παρὰ τοῦ τεχνίτου προσλαβοῦσα. Γῆν δὲ ἐγὼ πατεῖν, οὐ προσκυνεῖν μεμελέ τηκα· οὐ γάρ μοι θέμις ἐμπιστεῦσαί ποτε τοῖς ἀψύχοις τὰς τῆς ψυχῆς ἐλπίδας. 4.57.1 Ἰτέον οὖν ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα ἐγγυτάτω τῶν ἀγαλμάτων, ὡς οἰκεία ἡ πλάνη κἀκ τῆς προσόψεως ἐλέγχηται· ἐναπο μέμακται γὰρ πάνυ δὴ σαφῶς τὰ εἴδη τῶν ἀγαλμάτων τὴν 4.57.2 διάθεσιν τῶν δαιμόνων. Εἰ γοῦν τις τὰς γραφὰς καὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα περινοστῶν θεῷτο, γνωριεῖ ὑμῶν παραυτίκα τοὺς θεοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἐπονειδίστων σχημάτων, τὸν ∆ιόνυσον ἀπὸ τῆς στολῆς, τὸν Ἥφαιστον ἀπὸ τῆς τέχνης, τὴν ∆ηὼ ἀπὸ τῆς συμφορᾶς, ἀπὸ τοῦ κρηδέμνου τὴν Ἰνώ, ἀπὸ τῆς τριαίνης τὸν Ποσειδῶ, ἀπὸ τοῦ κύκνου τὸν ∆ία· τὸν δὲ Ἡρακλέα δείκνυσιν ἡ πυρά, κἂν γυμνὴν ἴδῃ τις ἀνάγραπτον γυναῖκα, 4.57.3 τὴν "χρυσῆν" Ἀφροδίτην νοεῖ. Οὕτως ὁ Κύπριος ὁ Πυγ μαλίων ἐκεῖνος ἐλεφαντίνου ἠράσθη ἀγάλματος· τὸ ἄγαλμα Ἀφροδίτης ἦν καὶ γυμνὴ ἦν· νικᾶται ὁ Κύπριος τῷ σχήματι καὶ συνέρχεται τῷ ἀγάλματι, καὶ τοῦτο Φιλοσ τέφανος ἱστορεῖ· Ἀφροδίτη δὲ ἄλλη ἐν Κνίδῳ λίθος ἦν καὶ καλὴ ἦν, ἕτερος ἠράσθη ταύτης καὶ μίγνυται τῇ λίθῳ· Ποσίδιππος ἱστορεῖ, ὁ μὲν πρότερος ἐν τῷ περὶ Κύπρου, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος ἐν τῷ περὶ Κνίδου. Τοσοῦτον ἴσχυσεν ἀπατῆσαι τέχνη προαγωγὸς ἀνθρώποις ἐρωτικοῖς εἰς βάραθρον γενο 4.57.4 μένη. ∆ραστήριος μὲν ἡ δημιουργική, ἀλλ' οὐχ οἵα τε ἀπατῆσαι λογικὸν οὐδὲ μὴν τοὺς κατὰ λόγον βεβιωκότας· ζωγραφίας μὲν γὰρ, δι' ὁμοιότητα σκιαγραφίας περιστερᾶς, προσέπτησαν πελειάδες καὶ ἵπποις καλῶς γεγραμμέναις προσεχρεμέτισαν ἵπποι. Ἐρασθῆναι κόρην εἰκόνος λέγουσιν καὶ νέον καλὸν Κνιδίου ἀγάλματος, ἀλλ' ἦσαν τῶν θεατῶν 4.57.5 αἱ ὄψεις ἠπατημέναι ὑπὸ τῆς τέχνης. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν θεᾷ τις συνεπλάκη, οὐδ' ἂν νεκρᾷ τις συνετάφη, οὐδ' ἂν ἠράσθη δαίμονος καὶ λίθου ἄνθρωπος σωφρονῶν. Ὑμᾶς δὲ ἄλλῃ γοητείᾳ ἀπατᾷ ἡ τέχνη, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἐπὶ τὸ ἐρᾶν προσάγουσα, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸ τιμᾶν καὶ προσκυνεῖν τά τε ἀγάλματα καὶ τὰς 4.57.6 γραφάς. Ὁμοία γε ἡ γραφή· ἐπαινείσθω μὲν ἡ τέχνη, μὴ ἀπατάτω δὲ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὡς ἀλήθεια. Ἕστηκεν ὁ ἵππος ἡσυχῇ, ἡ πελειὰς ἀτρεμής, ἀργὸν τὸ πτερόν, ἡ δὲ βοῦς ἡ ∆αιδάλου ἡ ἐκ τοῦ ξύλου πεποιημένη ταῦρον εἷλεν ἄγριον καὶ κατηνάγκασεν τὸ θηρίον ἡ τέχνη πλανήσασα ἐρώσης ἐπιβῆναι γυναικός. 4.58.1 Τοσοῦτον οἶστρον αἱ τέχναι κακοτεχνοῦσαι τοῖς ἀνοή τοις ἐνεποίησαν. Ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν πιθήκους οἱ τούτων τροφεῖς καὶ μελεδωνοὶ τεθαυμάκασιν, ὅτι τῶν κηρίνων ἢ πηλίνων ὁμοιωμάτων καὶ κοροκοσμίων ἀπατᾷ τούτους οὐδέν· ὑμεῖς δὲ ἄρα καὶ πιθήκων χείρους γενήσεσθε λιθίνοις καὶ ξυλίνοις καὶ χρυσέοις καὶ ἐλεφαντίνοις ἀγαλματίοις καὶ 4.58.2 γραφαῖς προσανέχοντες. Τοσούτων ὑμῖν οἱ δημιουργοὶ ἀθυρμάτων ὀλεθρίων οἱ λιθοξόοι καὶ οἱ ἀνδριαντοποιοὶ γραφεῖς τε αὖ καὶ τέκτονες καὶ ποιηταί, πολύν τινα καὶ τοιοῦτον ὄχλον παρεισάγοντες, κατ' ἀγροὺς μὲν Σατύρους καὶ Πᾶνας, ἀνὰ δὲ τὰς ὕλας Νύμφας τὰς ὀρειάδας καὶ τὰς ἁμαδρυάδας, ναὶ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τὰ ὕδατα καὶ περὶ τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τὰς Ναΐδας καὶ περὶ τὴν θάλατταν 4.58.3 τὰς Νηρεΐδας. Μάγοι δὲ ἤδη ἀσεβείας τῆς σφῶν αὐτῶν ὑπηρέτας δαίμονας