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and Son introduce each other to the mind, being immediate in this respect, for this reason the Spirit is distant from the Father and not immediately from Him. But concerning these things, later.

But now, so that we might give a second reason, which also itself, so that we might instruct you through all things, came about because of the aforementioned one: First our race knew God the Father and the Father as God, His divinity having been revealed and believed dimly, as was profitable for us. For if, being equally Father and Projector, He had then been proclaimed to us not as Father but as Projector or one who proceeds, how would we have accepted it, being not yet able to grasp, on account of our still infant-like state, the knowledge of the innate wealth of the divinity? But the name "father" is also among us and, as it were, we have it in common with those hypostases from Him, who are consubstantial with Him but lordly over us. Although they have it by nature and beyond us, He deemed us worthy through loving-kindness to be called so - which is why the Jews also said, "We have God as our Father" - therefore, most wisely and as if stealing away our thought, or rather rescuing us from the slavery, false opinion, and false worship of the evil one to His own lordship for the knowledge of God, and hinting at the divinity of the only-begotten (p. 154), He contributed, being Himself proclaimed as Father. After Him the Son was manifested to the world, seen by us and conversing with us in the flesh; who with Himself also indicated the Spirit, being confirmed through all things by words and deeds, as being joined by nature and of equal honor to Himself and to the Father. After the Son the Holy Spirit came to the world, sent by the Son, as therefore neither against God nor against Christ, and being sent not simply and absolutely, but in time and to certain people and for a reason; but proceeding from the Father not for a reason at all, nor in time or to certain people, but simply and absolutely in every way, as co-divine and consubstantial and no less attached to the same cause and principle as the Son, and coming from Himself as Lord and possessing His own authority.

And a third reason also arose for the theologians, for which they for the most part present the connection and perfection and consubstantiality with the Father of the divinity of the Spirit after the Son and from the things of the Son: that after the madness of many against the Son had been quieted and transformed, His connaturality and equal honor with the Father having been demonstrated in many ways and revealed and most securely established, the war against the divine Spirit was more openly kindled. For this reason, then, the whole discourse for the theologians is not about the mode of existence, but about the consubstantiality of the Spirit with the Son, even if the Latins force the sayings, dragging their meaning into their own malevolence.

But thus the one God in three hypostases, having been revealed to us, is also thus glorified; and thus there being one image and form of the alone formless and worshipful Trinity - "for the Trinity is joined without division, and is co-eternal, and displays one and the same image," says Athanasius the Great - there being thus one image of the revered Trinity, we say the Son is the form (p. 156) and image of the Father, and the Spirit that of the Son. For thus has she made herself known to us as she was pleased, and thus we say the Spirit is to the Son, as he is to the Father; for both are similarly related to the Father, except for the mode of existence, as has been shown above through many points. But the Son has been made known to us as immediate to the Father, and through this one known as immediate the Holy Spirit was manifested, preached and sent in his name, just as he formerly came in the name of the Father. And we say that the Son has all the things of the

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καί Υἱός ἄλληλα εἰσάγουσι τῇ διανοίᾳ κατά τοῦτο ὄντα προσεχῆ, διά τοῦτο πόρρω τό Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρός καί οὐκ ἀμέσως ἐξ αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλά περί μέν τούτων, ὕστερον.

Νῦν δ᾿ ἵνα καί δευτέραν αἰτίαν ἀποδῶμεν, ἥτις καί αὕτη, ἵνα διά πάντων συνετίσωμέν σε, διά τήν προειρημένην γέγονε˙ πρῶτον ἡμῶν τό γένος Θεόν ἔγνω τόν Πατέρα καί Πατέρα τόν Θεόν, τῆς αὐτοῦ θέοτητος φανερωθείσης τε καί πιστευθείσης ἀμυδρῶς, ὥς γε συνήνεγκεν ἡμῖν. Εἰ γάρ ἐπίσης ὤν Πατήρ καί προβολεύς, τόθ᾿ ἡμῖν οὐ Πατήρ ἀλλά προβολεύς ἤ ἐκπορεύων ἐκηρύττετο, πῶς ἄν παραδεξάμεθα, μή δυνάμενοί πω χωρῆσαι διά τό νηπιῶδες ἔτι, τήν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ ἐμφύτου πλούτου τῆς θεότητος; Τό δέ "πατήρ" ὄνομα καί πρός ἡμῶν ἐστι καί οἷον κοινόν ἔχομεν αὐτό ταῖς ἐξ αὐτοῦ ὁμοουσίοις μέν αὐτῷ ἡμῖν δέ δεσποτικαῖς ἐκείναις ὑποστάσεσιν. Εἰ κἀκεῖνοι μέν φύσει καί ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς ἔχουσιν αὐτό, ἡμῶν δ᾿ ὑπό φιλανθρωπίας καλεῖσθαι κατηξίωσε - διό καί Ἰουδαῖοι ἔλεγον, «ἡμεῖς Πατέρα ἔχομεν τόν Θεόν - σοφῶς οὖν ἄγαν καί οἷον ὑποκλέπτων τήν διάνοιαν ἡμῶν, μᾶλλον δέ ἡμᾶς ἀπό τῆς τοῦ πονηροῦ δουλείας καί ψευδοδοξίας καί ψευδολατρίας ἐπί τήν οἰκείαν δεσποτείαν πρός θεογνωσίαν ὑφαιρούμενος καί τήν τοῦ μονογενοῦς ὑπεμφαίνων (σελ. 154) συνεισέφερε θεότητα, Πατήρ κηρυττόμενος αὐτός. Μετ᾿ αὐτόν ὁ Υἱός πεφανέρωται τῷ κόσμῳ, διά σαρκός ἡμῖν ὀφθείς καί συναναστραφείς˙ ὅς σύν ἑαυτῷ καί τό Πνεῦμα ὑπεδείκνυ, λόγοις τε καί ἔργοις διά πάντων πιστούμενος, συνημμένον φύσει καί ὁμότιμον ἑαυτῷ καί τῷ Πατρί. Μετά τόν Υἱόν τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐπεδήμησε τῷ κόσμῳ, παρά μέν τοῦ Υἱοῦ πεμπόμενον, ὡς οὖν ἀντίθεον οὐδέ ἀντίχριστον, καί πεμπόμενον οὐχ ἁπλῶς καί ἀπολύτως, ἀλλά χρονικῶς καί πρός τινας καί δι᾿ αἰτίαν˙ παρά δέ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον οὐ δι᾿ αἰτίαν ὅλως, οὐδέ χρονικῶς ἤ πρός τινας, ἀλλ᾿ ἁπλῶς καί ἀπολύτως πάντῃ, ὡς ὁμόθεον καί ὁμοούσιον καί τῆς αὐτῆς οὐχ ἧττον ἐξημμένον τῷ Υἱῷ αἰτίας καί ἀρχῆς, παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ δέ ἐρχόμενον ὡς κύριον καί αὐτεξούσιον.

Ἐπεγένετο δέ καί τρίτη τις αἰτία τοῖς θεολόγοις, δι᾿ ἥν μετά τόν Υἱόν καί ἐκ τῶν τοῦ Υἱοῦ παριστᾶσιν ὡς ἐπί πλεῖστον τό συναφές καί τέλειον καί ὁμοούσιον Πατρί τῆς θεότητος τοῦ Πνεύματος˙ ὅτι μετά τό κατευνασθῆναι καί μετασκευασθῆναι τήν πλειόντων κατά τοῦ Υἱοῦ μανίαν, πολυειδῶς ἀποδειχθείσης καί ἀναφανείσης καί στηριχθείσης ἀσφαλέστατα τῆς τούτου πρός τόν Πατέρα συμφυΐας καί ὁμοτιμίας ὁ κατά τοῦ θείου Πνεύματος ἐμφανέστερον ἀνερριπίσθη πόλεμος. Ταῦτ᾿ ἄρα καί τοῖς θεολόγοις ὁ λόγος ἅπας, οὐ περί τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως, ἀλλά περί τήν πρός τόν Υἱόν ὁμοουσιότητος τοῦ Πνεύματος, εἰ καί Λατῖνοι βιάζονται τάς ρήσεις, μεθέλκοντες αὐτῶν τήν διάνοιαν εἰς τήν οἰκείαν κακόνοιαν.

Ἀλλά γάρ οὕτως ἡμῖν ὁ ἐν τρισίν ὑποστάσεσιν εἷς Θεός ἐκπεφασμένος, οὕτω καί δοξάζεται˙ καί οὕτω μιᾶς εἰκόνος οὔσης καί μορφῆς ἐπί τῆς μόνης ἀνειδέου καί προσκυνητῆς Τριάδος - «ἡ γάρ Τριάς συνάπτεται μέν ἀδιαστάτως, σύνεστι δέ ἀϊδίως, εἰκόνα δέ προφαίνει μίαν καί τήν αὐτήν», Ἀθανάσιος ὁ μέγας λέγει - μιᾶς οὖν οὕτως εἰκόνος οὔσης ἐπί τῆς σεπτῆς Τριάδος, τόν μέν Υἱόν τοῦ Πατρός μορφήν (σελ. 156) τε καί εἰκόνα λέγομεν, τό δέ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Οὕτω γάρ ἡμῖν ὡς εὐδόκησεν ἑαυτήν ἐγνώρισε καί οὕτως ἔχειν πρός τόν Υἱόν τό Πνεῦμα λέγομεν, ὡς αὐτός πρός τόν Πατέρα˙ ὁμοίως γάρ ἀμφότερα ἔχουσι πρός τόν Πατέρα, πλήν τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως, ὡς ἀνωτέρω διά πλειόνων ἀποδέδεικται. Προσεχῶς δέ τῷ Πατρί ὁ Υἱός ἔγνωσται ἡμῖν καί διά τοῦ προσεχῶς τούτου ἐγνωσμένου τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐφανερώθη, κηρυχθέν τε καί πεμφθέν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, ὡς καί οὗτος πρῴην ἦλθεν ἐν τῷ τοῦ Πατρός ὀνόματι. Καί πάντα λέγομεν ἔχειν ἔχειν τόν Υἱόν τά τοῦ