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we will especially keep from the precincts of the priesthood; for that the one presiding is neither distressed about food nor unshod would in no way harm the community of the Church, but a savage temper works great misfortunes both for the one possessing it and for those near him. And for those who do not do those things, no threat is laid down from God, but for those who are simply angry, Gehenna and the fire of Gehenna is threatened. Therefore, just as one who loves empty glory, when he takes hold of the rule of the many, provides greater fuel for the fire, so also the one who is unable to control his anger by himself and in his conversations with a few, but is easily carried away, when he is entrusted with the leadership of a whole multitude, like some beast goaded from all sides and by countless things, would never be able to live in peace himself and inflicts countless evils upon those entrusted to him. For nothing so clouds the purity of the mind and the clarity of the senses as a disorderly temper, carried along with great force. “For this,” he says, “destroys even the prudent.” For just as in a night battle, the eye of the soul, being darkened, cannot distinguish friends from enemies, nor the dishonorable from the honorable, but treats all in succession in one way, and should it be necessary to suffer some evil, it easily endures all things in order to satisfy the pleasure of the soul. For the burning of anger is a kind of pleasure, and it tyrannizes the soul more harshly than pleasure, throwing its entire healthy state upside down. For it easily raises one to despair, and prepares one to strike out with unseasonable enmities and irrational hatred and offenses simply and at random, and it compels one to say and do many other such things, with the soul being dragged under by the great rush of passion and having nowhere to plant its strength to stand against so great an impulse. And Basil: But I will no longer endure you speaking ironically; for who does not know, he says, how far you are from this disease? {JOHN} What then, I said, O blessed one, do you want to lead me near the pyre and provoke the beast at rest? Or are you ignorant that we have achieved this not by our own virtue, but from loving tranquility, and that one so disposed, remaining contentedly by himself and having only one or two friends, has been able to escape the conflagration from there, let alone having fallen into the abyss of so many cares? For then he not only drags himself, but also many others with him to the precipice of destruction and makes them more idle in the care for gentleness; for the multitude of the ruled is for the most part accustomed to look upon the ways of their rulers as upon some archetypal image and to conform themselves to them. How then could someone stop their inflammations, while being swollen himself? Who of the many would desire to quickly become moderate, seeing his ruler angry? For it is not possible for the faults of priests to be hidden, but even the smallest become quickly manifest. For an athlete, as long as he remains at home and wrestles with no one, can remain unnoticed, even if he happens to be very weak, but when he strips for the contests, he is easily exposed; and of men, those living this private and quiet life have their solitude as a screen for their own sins, but when brought into the open they are forced to strip off their tranquility like a garment and to show their souls naked to all through their outward movements. Therefore, just as their good deeds have benefited many, calling them to equal zeal, so also their offenses have rendered them more slothful in the practice of virtue and have prepared them to be listless towards the labors for what is excellent; wherefore the beauty of his soul must shine forth from all sides, so that it can both gladden and at the same time enlighten the souls of those who see him. For the sins of ordinary men, as if committed in some darkness, the

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μάλιστα τῶν τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀπείρξομεν περιβόλων· τὸ μὲν γὰρ μήτε πρὸς τὰ σῖτα ἀπηγχονίσθαι μήτε ἀνυπόδετον εἶναι τὸν προεστῶτα οὐδὲν ἂν βλάψειε τὸ κοινὸν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, θυμὸς δὲ ἄγριος εἴς τε τὸν κεκτημένον εἴς τε τοὺς πλησίον μεγάλας ἐργάζεται συμφοράς· καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἐκεῖνα μὴ ποιοῦσιν οὐδεμία ἀπειλὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ κεῖται, τοῖς δὲ ἁπλῶς ὀργιζομένοις γέεννα καὶ τὸ τῆς γεέννης ἠπείληται πῦρ. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ δόξης ἐρῶν κενῆς, ὅταν τῆς τῶν πολλῶν ἀρχῆς ἐπιλάβηται, μείζονα τῷ πυρὶ παρέχει τὴν ὕλην, οὕτως ὁ καθ' ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἐν ταῖς πρὸς ὀλίγους ὁμιλίαις κρατεῖν ὀργῆς μὴ δυνάμενος, ἀλλ' ἐκφερόμενος εὐχερῶς, ὅταν πλήθους ὅλου προστασίαν ἐμπιστευθῇ, καθάπερ τι θηρίον πανταχόθεν καὶ ὑπὸ μυρίων κεντούμενον, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ δύναιτ' ἄν ποτε διάγειν καὶ τοὺς ἐμπιστευθέντας αὐτῷ μυρία διατίθησι κακά. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω καθαρότητα νοῦ καὶ τὸ διειδὲς θολοῖ τῶν φρενῶν ὡς θυμὸς ἄτακτος καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς φερόμενος τῆς ῥύμης. «Οὗτος γάρ, φησίν, ἀπόλλυσι καὶ φρονίμους.» Καθάπερ γὰρ ἔν τινι νυκτομαχίᾳ σκοτωθεὶς ὁ τῆς ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμὸς οὐχ εὑρίσκει διακρῖναι τοὺς φίλους τῶν πολεμίων, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἀτίμους τῶν ἐντίμων, ἀλλὰ πᾶσιν ἐφεξῆς ἑνὶ κέχρηται τρόπῳ, κἂν λαβεῖν τι δέῃ κακόν, ἅπαντα εὐκόλως ὑπομένων ὑπὲρ τοῦ πληρῶσαι τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ἡδονήν. Ἡδονὴ γάρ τίς ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ θυμοῦ πύρωσις καὶ ἡδονῆς χαλεπώτερον τυραννεῖ τὴν ψυχήν, πᾶσαν αὐτῆς τὴν ὑγιῆ κατάστασιν ἄνω καὶ κάτω ταράττουσα. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς ἀπόνοιαν αἴρει ῥᾳδίως καὶ ἔχθρας ἀκαίρους καὶ μῖσος ἄλογον καὶ προσκρούματα ἁπλῶς καὶ εἰκῇ προσκρούειν παρασκευάζει συνεχῶς καὶ πολλὰ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα καὶ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν βιάζεται, πολλῷ τῷ ῥοίζῳ τοῦ πάθους τῆς ψυχῆς ὑποσυρομένης καὶ οὐκ ἐχούσης ὅποι τὴν αὐτῆς ἐρείσασα δύναμιν ἀντιστήσεται πρὸς τοσαύτην ὁρμήν. Καὶ ὁ Βασίλειος· Ἀλλ' οὐκέτι σὲ εἰρωνευόμενον ἀνέξομαι περαιτέρω· τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδε, φησίν, ὅσον ταύτης ἀπέχεις τῆς νόσου; {ΙΩ.} Τί οὖν, ἔφην, ὦ μακάριε, βούλει πλησίον με τῆς πυρᾶς ἀγαγεῖν καὶ παροξῦναι τὸ θηρίον ἠρεμοῦν; ἢ ἀγνοεῖς ὡς οὐκ οἰκείᾳ τοῦτο κατωρθώσαμεν ἀρετῇ, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἀγαπᾶν, τὸν δὲ οὕτω διακείμενον ἀγαπητὸν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ μένοντα καὶ ἑνὶ μόνῳ ἢ δευτέρῳ χρώμενον φίλῳ, δυνηθῆναι τὸν ἐκεῖθεν διαφυγεῖν ἐμπρησμόν, μὴ ὅτι εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον τῶν τοσούτων ἐμπεσόντα φροντίδων; Τότε γὰρ οὐχ ἑαυτὸν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρους πολλοὺς ἐπισύρει μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ πρὸς τὸν τῆς ἀπωλείας κρημνὸν καὶ περὶ τὴν τῆς ἐπιεικείας ἐπιμέλειαν ἀργοτέρους καθίστησι· πέφυκε γὰρ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ τὸ τῶν ἀρχομένων πλῆθος ὥσπερ εἰς ἀρχέτυπόν τινα εἰκόνα τοὺς τῶν ἀρχόντων τρόπους ὁρᾶν καὶ πρὸς ἐκείνους ἐξομοιοῦν ἑαυτούς. Πῶς οὖν ἄν τις τὰς ἐκείνων παύσειε φλεγμονάς, οἰδαίνων αὐτός; τίς δ' ἂν ἐπιθυμήσειε ταχέως τῶν πολλῶν γενέσθαι μέτριος, τὸν ἄρχοντα ὀργίλον ὁρῶν; Οὐ γὰρ ἔστι τὰ τῶν ἱερέων κρύπτεσθαι ἐλαττώματα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μικρότατα ταχέως κατάδηλα γίνεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἀθλητής, ἕως μὲν ἂν οἴκοι μένῃ καὶ μηδενὶ συμπλέκηται, δύναται λανθάνειν, κἂν ἀσθενέστατος ὢν τύχῃ, ὅταν δὲ ἀποδύσηται πρὸς τοὺς ἀγῶνας, ῥᾳδίως ἐλέγχεται· καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ μὲν τὸν ἰδιωτικὸν τοῦτον καὶ ἀπράγμονα βιοῦντες βίον ἔχουσι παραπέτασμα τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτημάτων τὴν μόνωσιν, εἰς δὲ τὸ μέσον ἀχθέντες καθάπερ ἱμάτιον τὴν ἠρεμίαν ἀποδῦναι ἀναγκάζονται καὶ πᾶσι γυμνὰς ἐπιδεῖξαι τὰς ψυχὰς διὰ τῶν ἔξωθεν κινημάτων. Ὥσπερ οὖν αὐτῶν τὰ κατορθώματα πολλοὺς ὤνησε πρὸς τὸν ἴσον παρακαλοῦντα ζῆλον, οὕτω καὶ τὰ πλημμελήματα ῥαθυμοτέρους κατέστησε περὶ τὴν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐργασίαν καὶ βλακεύειν πρὸς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῶν σπουδαίων παρεσκεύασε πόνους· διὸ χρὴ πάντοθεν αὐτοῦ τὸ κάλλος ἀποστίλβειν τῆς ψυχῆς ἵνα καὶ εὐφραίνειν ἅμα καὶ φωτίζειν δύνηται τὰς τῶν ὁρώντων ψυχάς. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν τυχόντων ἁμαρτήματα, ὥσπερ ἔν τινι σκότῳ πραττόμενα, τοὺς