22

and they change, and are carried up and down and turned about, and depart and flee before they are grasped, so that having contemplated the unstable and irregular in these things, we may change our mooring to what is to come. For what would we have done if our well-being were constant, when, though it is not constant, we are so bound to it, and so the pleasure and deceit concerning it has enslaved us, that we are unable to conceive of anything better or higher than present things (14∆_100> and this, though we have been made in the image of God, and though we hear and believe in the one which is above and draws us to itself? "

And again in the discourse to the magistrates saying, " That we may know we are nothing in comparison to the true and first wisdom, but that we may ever incline to Him alone, and seek to be illumined by the flashes of light from there, whether through the irregularity of things seen and changing, leading us to things that are stable and abiding. Therefore, as I think, the teacher does not, in these words, as has been said, make a declaration of the cause of humanity's origin, but of the misery introduced into our life after our origin through the transgression, as is very clear to those who study his divine writings more diligently and carefully. For of this he sets before us through these words the cause—whence, and on account of what, and for what purpose, and for what reason—declaring through it our salvation, wisely administered for us by God; but of the other, hinting mysteriously at the power for which it came to be, he has used another manner of words, making his whole pious purpose concerning this clear, as is shown in his discourse On the Nativity, saying:

"Mind, then, and sense, thus distinguished from each other, already stood within their own boundaries, and they bore in themselves the majesty of the Creator Word, silent praisers of his mighty work and shrill heralds; but there was not yet a blending of both, nor any mixture of opposites, a token of greater wisdom and of the richness concerning natures, nor was the whole wealth of his goodness known. Wishing to display this, the artisan Word creates one living being from both, 1096 from invisible, I say, and visible nature, man, and taking the body from matter already pre-existing, but breathing into it life from himself (which the discourse knows as the intellectual soul and image of God), he sets up a second cosmos, great in little, upon the (14∆_102> earth, another angel, a mixed worshiper,” and so on. And in the discourse On the Holy Lights: " Since these things, or this thing, were so; but it was necessary that worship should not be confined to those above only, but that there should be some worshipers below also, so that all things might be filled with the glory of God, since they are God's; and for this reason man is created, honored by the hand of God and by His image.” I suppose that these things are sufficient, even if they happen to be few, for one who is not disposed to be altogether contentious, and judges it glorious merely to fight, to demonstrate the whole mind of the teacher concerning the things that have been said. But if he still disputes how the teacher called us a portion of God, the argument concerning this has already been given in many ways above.

But so that he may be more credible, resting on the words of the Spirit, the holy and blessed apostle Paul, he who received the wisdom hidden in God before the ages, and illuminated the whole dark life of men, and drove away the gloom of ignorance from souls, will suffice concerning this, expounding to the Ephesians as follows, that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you the spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of him, the eyes of your heart being enlightened, that you may know what is the hope of his calling, and what are the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, and what is the exceeding greatness of his power toward us who

22

καί μεταβάλλουσι, καί ἄνω καί κάτω φερομένοις τε καί περιτρεπομένοις, καί πρίν ληφθῆναι ἀπιοῦσι καί φεύγουσιν, ἵνα τό ἐν τούτοις ἄστατον καί ἀνώμαλον θεωρήσαντες πρός τό μέλλον μεθορμισώμεθα. Τί γάρ ἄν ἐποιήσαμεν ἑστῶτος τοῦ εὖ πράττειν ἡμῖν, ὁπότε οὐ μένοντος τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ προσδεδέμεθα, καί οὕτως ἡμᾶς ἡ περί τοῦτο ἡδονή καί ἀπάτη ἔχει δουλώσασα, ὥστε μηδέν κρεῖττον μηδέ ὑψηλότερον τῶν παρόντων (14∆_100> διανοεῖσθαι δύνασθαι, καί ταῦτα κατ᾿ εἰκόνα Θεοῦ γεγονέναι, καί ἀκούοντας καί πιστεύοντας τήν ἄνω τε οὖσαν καί πρός ἑαυτήν ἕλκουσαν; "

Καί πάλιν ἐν τῷ πρός τούς πολετευομένους λόγῳ φάσκων, " Ἵν᾿ εἰδῶμεν τό μηδέν ὄντες πρός τήν ἀληθινήν σοφίαν καί πρώτην, ἀλλά πρός αὐτόν ἀεί νεύωμεν μόνον, καί ζητῶμεν ταῖς ἐκεῖθεν αὐταῖς ἐναστράπτεσθαι, εἴτε διά τῆς ἀνωμαλίας τῶν ὁρωμένων καί περιτρεπομένων, μετάγοντος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τά ἑστῶτα καί μένοντα. Οὐ τοίνυν, ὡς οἶμαι, τῆς κατά τήν γένεσιν τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος αἰτίας ἐν τούτοις, ὡς εἴρηται, ὁ διδάσκαλος ποιεῖται τήν δήλωσιν, ἀλλά τῆς κατά τήν γένεσιν ἐπεισαχθείσης τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ ζωῇ διά τήν παράβασιν ταλαιπωρίας, ὡς τοῖς σπουδαιοτέρως καί ἐμμελεστέρως τοῖς θείοις αὐτοῦ γράμμασιν ἐμμελετῶσίν ἐστι καταφανές. Ταύτης μέν γάρ τήν ὅθεν, καί δι᾿ ὅ, καί ἐφ᾿ ᾧ, καί οὗ ἕνεκεν αἰτίαν, διά τούτων ἡμῖν παρατίθεται τῶν λόγων δι᾿ αὐτῆς τήν οἰκονομουμένην ἡμῶν σοφῶς παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ σωτηρίαν δηλῶν· ἐκείνης δέ τήν ἐφ᾿ ᾧ γεγένηται μυστηρίῳ ὑπεμφαίνων δύναμιν ἑτέρῳ λόγων κέχρηται τρόπῳ, ὅλον αὐτοῦ περί τούτου τόν εὐσεβῆ σκοπόν φανερόν ποιούμενος, ὡς ἐν τῷ Εἰς τά γενέθλια λόγῳ δείκνυται λέγων·

" Νοῦς μέν οὖν ἤδη καί αἴσθησις οὕτως ἀπ᾿ ἀλλήλων διακριθέντα τῶν ἰδίων ὅρων ἐντός εἰστήκεισαν, καί τό τοῦ ∆ημιουργοῦ Λόγου μεγαλεῖον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔφερον, σιγῶντες ἐπαινέται τῆς μεγαλουργίας και διαπρύσιοι κήρυκες· οὔπω δέ ἦν κρᾶμα ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων, οὐδέ τις μίξις τῶν ἐναντίων, σοφίας μείζονος γνώρισμα καί τῆς περί τάς φύσεις πολυτελείας, οὐδέ ὁ πᾶς πλοῦτος τῆς ἀγαθότητος γνώριμος. Τοῦτο δή βουληθείς ὁ τεχνίτης ἐπιδείξασθαι Λόγος, καί ζῶον ἕν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων, 1096 ἀοράτου λέγω καί ὁρατῆς φύσεως, δημιουργεῖ τόν ἄνθρωπον, καί παρά μέν τῆς ὕλης λαβών τό σῶμα ἤδη προϋποστάσης, παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ δέ ζωήν ἐνθείς (ὅ δή νοεράν ψυχήν καί εἰκόνα Θεοῦ οἶδεν ὁ λόγος), οἷόν τινα κόσμον δεύτερον ἐν μικρῷ μέγαν ἐπί τῆς (14∆_102> γῆς ἵστησιν, ἄγγελον ἄλλον, προσκυνητήν μικτόν», καί τά ἑξῆς. Ἐν δέ τῷ Εἰς τά Φῶτα λόγῳ· " Ἐπεί δέ οὕτω ταῦτα ἤ τοῦτο· ἔδει δέ μή τοῖς ἄνω μόνον τήν προσκύνησιν περιγράφεσθαι, ἀλλ᾿ εἶναί τινας καί κάτω προσκυνητάς, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τά πάντα δόξης Θεοῦ, ἐπεί καί Θεοῦ· καί διά τοῦτο κτίζεται ἄνθρωπος χειρί Θεοῦ τιμηθείς καί εἰκόνι». Ἀρκεῖν μέν καί ταῦτα ὑπολαμβάνω, κἄν εἰ μικρά τυγχάνοι, τῷ μή πάντη φιλονείκως διακειμένῳ, καί μόνον τό μάχεσθαι ἐπίδοξον κρίνοντι, πρός τό ἐνδείξασθαι τήν ὅλην τοῦ διδασκάλου περί τῶν εἰρημένων διάνοιαν. Εἰ δέ ἔτι περί τοῦ πῶς Θεοῦ μοῖραν ὁ διδάσκαλος ἡμᾶς ἐκάλεσεν ἀπομάχεται, πολλαχῶς μέν ἤδη ἀνωτέρω ὁ περί τούτου ἀποδέδοται λόγος.

Ἵνα δέ πιστότερος γένηται τοῖς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐρειδόμενος λόγοις, ὁ ἅγιος καί μακάριος ἀπόστολος Παῦλος, ὁ τήν ἀποκεκρυμμένην ἐν τῷ Θεῷ πρό τῶν αἰώνων κομισάμενος σοφίαν, καί πάντα τόν ἀφεγγῆ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον καταφωτίσας, καί τῆς ἀγνοίας τόν ζόφον τῶν ψυχῶν ἀπελάσας, ἀρκέσει περί τούτου Ἐφεσίοις διεξιών τάδε, Ἵνα ὁ Θεός τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ Πατήρ τῆς δόξης δῴη ὑμῖν Πνεῦμα σοφίας καί ἀποκαλύψεως ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ, πεφωτισμένους τούς ὀφθαλμούς τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν, εἰς τό εἰδέναι ὑμᾶς τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπίς τῆς κλήσεως αὐτοῦ, καί τίς ὁ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τῆς κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις, καί τί τό ὑπερβάλλον μέγεθος τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς τούς