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Whoever does not listen to that prophet shall be destroyed from among her people.” 1.7.23 What the prophet commanded that must be obeyed, we have heard a little before; the all-wise and perfect and heavenly commandments, which indeed he did not deign to set forth "on tablets of stone" like Moses, nor yet with ink and paper, but to the purified souls and rational substance of his own disciples; on which he inscribed the laws of the new covenant, fulfilling by his works the prophecy spoken through Jeremiah: “I will make a new covenant, not according to the covenant which I made with their fathers. For this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel, putting my laws into their mind, and on their heart I will write them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.” 1.8.1 But the one on lifeless tablets, the other on living minds the perfect commandments of the new covenant. And his disciples, making their teaching suitable for the ears of the many at the behest of their master, whatever had been commanded by the perfect teacher to those who had advanced in their state, these things they handed down to those who were able to receive them, and whatever they supposed to be fitting for those whose souls were still subject to passion and in need of healing, these things, condescending to the weakness of the majority, they handed down to be kept, some through writings and others through unwritten ordinances, so that two ways of life have been legislated for the Church of Christ: the one supernatural and beyond the common and human way of life, not admitting marriage, nor childbearing, nor possession, nor the existence of property, but wholly and entirely divergent from the common and customary conduct of all men, and devoted solely to the service of God through an excess of heavenly love. 1.8.2 Those who follow this way seem to have died to mortal life, and carrying only the body on earth, but in spirit have transferred their souls to heaven, like certain heavenly beings they look down upon the life of men, consecrated to the God over all on behalf of the whole race, not with sacrifices of oxen and blood, nor with libations and the savor of burning fat, nor again with smoke and consumption by fire and the destruction of bodies, but with right doctrines of true piety and a disposition of a purified soul, and in addition with deeds and words of virtue; by which they propitiate the divine and perform the sacred service on behalf of themselves and their fellow men. 1.8.3 Such, then, is the perfect way of the Christian life; but the more subordinate way is more human, allowing for chaste marriages and the bearing of children, and to care for household management, and to prescribe what is to be done for those who are justly engaged in military service, and to be concerned with farming and commerce and the other more civic conduct with piety, for whom also times for exercises and days for discipleship and hearing of the divine words have been set apart. 1.8.4 And a second degree of piety has been assigned to these, providing a benefit suitable to such a life, so that no one should be deprived of the saving manifestation, but every race of men, Greeks and barbarians alike, might enjoy the evangelical teaching. 1.9.1 Since these things are so, one might reasonably ask: if we say that the men of old, even before Moses, who were beloved of God, are assumed to have worshipped God according to the evangelical teaching of our Savior, and that our piety and knowledge of God and theirs is one and the same, why then did they apply the greatest diligence to marriage and childbearing, while this part is neglected by us, 1.9.2 and again, why were they recorded as propitiating God with sacrifices of animals, while to us this is forbidden as something unholy? For these two points alone, having no small significance, might seem to contradict what has been said by us, as if we do not in these respects preserve the ancient way of piety. 1.9.3 And so to these questions, it is possible to gather such a solution from the Hebrew oracles themselves. Those before Moses for their piety

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ἥτις δ' ἂν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου ἐξολοθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ γένους αὐτῆς». 1.7.23 τίνα δὲ διετάξατο ὁ προφήτης ὧν ἐπακούειν χρεών, μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἀκηκόαμεν· τὰ πάνσοφα καὶ ἐντελῆ καὶ οὐράνια παραγγέλματα, ἃ δὴ οὐκ «ἐν πλαξὶ λιθίναις» Μωσεῖ παραπλησίως, οὐδέ γε μέλανι καὶ χάρταις ἠξίωσεν παραθέσθαι, ψυχαῖς δὲ κεκαθαρμέναις καὶ νοερὰν οὐσίαν κεκτημέναις τῶν αὐτοῦ φοιτητῶν· ἐν αἷς ἐγγράψας τοὺς τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης νόμους ἔργοις ἀπεπλήρου τὴν φήσασαν διὰ Ἱερεμίου προφητείαν· «διαθήσομαι διαθήκην καινήν, οὐ κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην ἣν διεθέμην τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν. ὅτι αὕτη ἡ διαθήκη ἣν διαθήσομαι τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραήλ, διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς διάνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν γράψω αὐτούς, καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μου λαός». 1.8.1 Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ἐν πλαξὶν ἀψύχοις, ὁ δ' ἐν διανοίαις ζώσαις τὰ τέλεια τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης παραγγέλματα. οἱ δέ γε αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ τῷ τοῦ διδασκάλου νεύματι κατάλληλον ταῖς τῶν πολλῶν ἀκοαῖς ποιούμενοι τὴν διδασκαλίαν, ὅσα μὲν ἅτε τὴν ἕξιν διαβεβηκόσι πρὸς τοῦ τελείου διδασκάλου παρήγγελτο, ταῦτα τοῖς οἵοις τε χωρεῖν παρεδίδοσαν, ὅσα δὲ τοῖς ἔτι τὰς ψυχὰς ἐμπαθέσι καὶ θεραπείας δεομένοις ἐφαρμόζειν ὑπελάμβανον, ταῦτα, συγκατιόντες τῇ τῶν πλειόνων ἀσθενείᾳ, τὰ μὲν διὰ γραμμάτων τὰ δὲ δι' ἀγράφων θεσμῶν φυλάττειν παρεδίδοσαν, ὥστε ἤδη καὶ τῇ Χριστοῦ ἐκκλησίᾳ δύο βίων νενομοθετῆσθαι τρόπους· τὸν μὲν ὑπερφυῆ καὶ τῆς κοινῆς καὶ ἀνθρωπίνης πολιτείας ἐπέκεινα, οὐ γάμους, οὐ παιδοποιίας, οὐδὲ κτῆσιν, οὐδὲ περιουσίας ὕπαρξιν παραδεχόμενον, ὅλον δὲ δι' ὅλου τῆς κοινῆς καὶ συνήθους ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων ἀγωγῆς παρηλλαγμένον, καὶ μόνῃ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ θεραπείᾳ προσῳκειωμένον καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ἔρωτος οὐρανίου. 1.8.2 οἱ τόνδε μετιόντες τὸν τρόπον, τὸν θνητῶν βίον τεθνάναι δοκοῦντες, καὶ αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ σῶμα φέροντες ἐπὶ γῆς, φρονήματι δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς οὐρανὸν μετενηνεγμένοι, οἷά τινες οὐράνιοι τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐφορῶσι βίον, ὑπὲρ τοῦ παντὸς γένους ἱερωμένοι τῷ ἐπὶ πάντων θεῷ, οὐ βουθυσίαις καὶ αἵμασιν, οὐδὲ σπονδαῖς καὶ κνίσαις, οὐδ' αὖ καπνῷ καὶ πυρὸς ἀποβρώσει καὶ σωμάτων φθοραῖς, δόγμασι δὲ ὀρθοῖς ἀληθοῦς εὐσεβείας ψυχῆς τε διαθέσει κεκαθαρμένης, καὶ προσέτι τοῖς κατ' ἀρετὴν ἔργοις τε καὶ λόγοις· οἷς τὸ θεῖον ἐξιλεούμενοι τὴν ὑπὲρ σφῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν σφίσιν ὁμογενῶν ἀποτελοῦσιν ἱερουργίαν. 1.8.3 τοιόσδε μὲν οὖν καθέστηκεν ὁ ἐντελὴς τῆς κατὰ τὸν χριστιανισμὸν πολιτείας τρόπος· ὁ δ' ὑποβεβηκὼς ἀνθρωπινώτερος, οἷος καὶ γάμοις συγκατιέναι σώφροσιν καὶ παιδοποιίαις, οἰκονομίας τε ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, τοῖς κατὰ τὸ δίκαιον στρατευομένοις τε τὰ πρακτέα ὑποτίθεσθαι, ἀγρῶν τε καὶ ἐμπορίας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης πολιτικωτέρας ἀγωγῆς μετὰ τοῦ θεοσεβοῦς φροντίζειν, οἷς καὶ ἀσκήσεων καιροὶ μαθητείας τε καὶ τῶν θείων λόγων ἀκροάσεως ἡμέραι ἀφωρίσθησαν. 1.8.4 καί τις τούτοις δεύτερος εὐσεβείας ἀπενεμήθη βαθμός, κατάλληλον τῷ τοιῳδὶ βίῳ παρέχων τὴν ὠφέλειαν, ὡς μηδένα ἀμοιρεῖν τῆς σωτηρίου ἐπιφανείας, πᾶν δὲ γένος ἀνθρώπων, Ἑλλήνων ὁμοῦ καὶ βαρβάρων, τῆς εὐαγγελικῆς ἀπολαύειν διδασκαλίας. 1.9.1 Τούτων ὧδε ἐχόντων ζητήσαι ἄν τις εἰκότως· εἰ δὴ κατὰ τοὺς πάλαι καὶ πρὸ Μωσέως θεοφιλεῖς ἄνδρας τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν εὐαγγελικὴν διδασκαλίαν θεοσεβεῖν ὑποτίθεσθαι φαμέν, μίαν τε ἡμῶν τε κἀκείνων εὐσέβειαν καὶ θεοῦ γνῶσιν τὴν αὐτήν, τί δῆτα οἱ μὲν περὶ γάμους καὶ παιδοποιίας πλείστην εἰσῆγον σπουδήν, ἡμῖν δὲ τοῦτο παραμελεῖται τὸ μέρος, 1.9.2 καὶ πάλιν οἱ μὲν ταῖς διὰ ζῴων θυσίαις ἐξιλεούμενοι τὸν θεὸν ἀνεγράφησαν, ἡμῖν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο πράττειν ὥς τι τῶν ἀνοσίων ἀπηγόρευται; δύο γὰρ μόνα ταῦτα, οὐ σμικρὸν ἔχοντα λόγον, δόξειεν ἂν τοῖς ὑφ' ἡμῶν εἰρημένοις ἀντιπίπτειν, ὡς μὴ κατὰ ταῦτα τὸν παλαιὸν σωζόντων τῆς εὐσεβείας τρόπον. 1.9.3 καὶ πρὸς ταῦτ' οὖν τοιάνδε λύσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν πάρεστιν ἀναλέξασθαι τῶν παρ' Ἑβραίοις λογίων. οἱ μὲν πρὸ Μωσέως ἐπ' εὐσεβείᾳ