HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from the person of God, 'Let us make man in our image and likeness,' as if it were thus said that men resemble God in form, they began to make their gods in this way, thinking to create the like from the like. For what reason was I moved to mention these things now, O men of Greece? That you may know that it is not possible to learn true religion from those who were not able to write anything of their own even in those matters for which they were admired by outsiders, but who have, through some allegory, reported in their own writings the things spoken by Moses and the other prophets. The time has now come, O men of Greece, for you to be persuaded by external histories that Moses and the other prophets were much older than all those who are considered to have been wise among you, to abandon the ancient error of your forefathers, and to read the divine histories of the prophets and learn from them true religion, who do not announce to you the arts of rhetoric, nor speak plausibly and persuasively (for this is characteristic of those who wish to conceal the truth), but who use simple nouns and verbs as they come, and announce to you those things which the Holy Spirit, having descended upon them, has chosen to teach through them to those who wish to learn true religion. Therefore, thrusting aside all shame and the ancient error of men and the pompous noise of bombast, by which you think you have every enjoyment, hold to what is profitable for you. For there will be nothing wrong done by you, not even concerning your forefathers, if you now wish to turn to the opposite of their error, who it is likely are now in Hades, repenting a repentance that is too late and lamenting; and if it were possible for them to declare to you from there the things that have happened to them after the end of this life, you would have known from what great evils they would have chosen to deliver you. But now, since it is not possible at present for you to learn either from them or from those here who profess to philosophize this falsely so-called philosophy, it will be fitting for you henceforth, having thrust aside the error of your forefathers, to read the prophecies of the holy men, not demanding from them skill in phrasing (for the matters of our religion are not in words but in deeds), and to learn from them the things that will be for you the causes of eternal life. For those who misuse the name of philosophy are convicted of knowing nothing, as they themselves are compelled to confess even unwillingly, by the fact that they not only are at odds with one another, but also set forth their own opinions differently at different times. But if the discovery of the truth is said by them to be a certain definition of philosophy, how are those who have not attained the knowledge of the truth worthy of the name of philosophy? For if the one of the

σαντες ἀνθρώπων μορφὰς ἔχειν αὐτοὺς διέγνωσαν, εὑρήσει καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῆς θείας ἱστορίας αὐτοὺς μεμαθηκότας. Τῆς γὰρ Μωϋσέως ἱστορίας ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ λεγούσης· Ποιή σωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ ὁμοίωσιν, ὡς οὕτως εἰρῆσθαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατὰ τὴν μορφὴν ἐοικότων τῷ θεῷ, οὕτως κατασκευάζειν τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῶν ἤρξαντο, ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου τὸ ὅμοιον δημιουργεῖν οἰόμενοι. Τοῦ χάριν μνημονεῦσαι τού των νυνὶ προήχθην, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες; Ἵνα γνῶτε ὅτι τὴν ἀληθῆ θεοσέβειαν οὐ δυνατὸν παρὰ τούτων μανθάνειν τῶν μηδὲ ἐν οἷς ὑπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐθαυμάσθησαν ἴδιόν τι γράψαι δυνηθέντων, ἀλλὰ διά τινος ἀλληγορίας τὰ ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν προφητῶν εἰρημένα ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτῶν συγγράμμασιν ἀπηγγελκότων. Καιρὸς οὖν ἥκει νῦν πεισθέντας ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλ ληνες, ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἱστοριῶν, ὅτι πολλῷ πρεσβύτατος Μωϋσῆς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ προφῆται γεγόνασιν πάντων τῶν παρ' ὑμῖν σοφῶν γεγενῆσθαι νομισθέντων, τῆς παλαιᾶς μὲν ὑμᾶς τῶν προγόνων ἀποστῆναι πλάνης, ἐντυχεῖν δὲ ταῖς θείαις τῶν προφητῶν ἱστορίαις καὶ γνῶναι παρ' αὐτῶν τὴν ἀληθῆ θεοσέ βειαν, οὐ λόγων ὑμῖν ἀπαγγελλόντων τέχνας, οὐδὲ πιθανῶς καὶ πιστευτικῶς λεγόντων (τοῦτο γὰρ ἴδιον τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν κλέπτειν ἐθελόντων), ἀλλὰ ἁπλῶς τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ὀνόμασί τε καὶ ῥήμασι χρωμένων, καὶ ταῦθ' ὑμῖν ἀπαγγελλόντων ἃ τὸ ἅγιον ἐπ' αὐτοὺς κατελθὸν πνεῦμα τοὺς τὴν ἀληθῆ θεοσέ βειαν μανθάνειν βουλομένους δι' αὐτῶν διδάσκειν προῄρηται. Πᾶσαν οὖν αἰδῶ καὶ παλαιὰν ἀνθρώπων πλάνην καὶ τὸν τῶν ὄγκων φαντασιώδη παρωσάμενοι ψόφον, δι' οὗ καὶ τὴν πᾶσαν ἀπόλαυσιν ἔχειν οἴεσθε, ἔχεσθε τῶν ὑμῖν συμφερόντων. Oὐδὲν γὰρ ἔσται παρ' ὑμῶν οὐδὲ περὶ τοὺς προγόνους ὑμῶν πλημ μελές, εἰ εἰς τὴν ἐναντίαν τρέπεσθαι νυνὶ τῆς ἐξ ἐκείνων βού λεσθε πλάνης, οὓς εἰκὸς ἐν ᾅδου νυνὶ ἐκπρόθεσμον μετάνοιαν μετανοοῦντας ὀδύρεσθαι· οἷς εἰ δυνατὸν ἦν ἐκεῖθεν δηλοῦν ὑμῖν τὰ μετὰ τελευτὴν τοῦδε τοῦ βίου συμβεβηκότα αὐτοῖς, ἔγνωτε ἂν ὅσων ὑμᾶς ἀπαλλάξαι κακῶν προείλοντο. Νυνὶ δὲ ἐπεὶ μὴ δυνατὸν ἐν τῷ παρόντι μήτε παρ' ἐκείνων ὑμᾶς μανθάνειν μήτε μὴν παρὰ τῶν ἐνταῦθα τὴν ψευδώνυμον ταύ την φιλοσοφίαν φιλοσοφεῖν ἐπαγγελλομένων, ἀκόλουθον ὑμῖν ἔσται λοιπὸν τὴν τῶν προγόνων ὑμῶν ἀπωσαμένους πλάνην ἐντυγχάνειν ταῖς τῶν ἱερῶν ἀνδρῶν προφητείαις, μὴ δοκιμότητα φράσεως παρ' αὐτῶν αἰτοῦντας (οὐ γὰρ ἐν λόγοις ἀλλ' ἐν ἔργοις τὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας θεοσεβείας πράγματα), καὶ μαθεῖν παρ' αὐτῶν τὰ αἴτια ὑμῖν τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς ἐσόμενα. Oἱ γὰρ μάτην τὸ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἐπηρεάζοντες ὄνομα οὐδὲν εἰδότες ἐλέγχονται, ὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὁμολογεῖν καὶ ἄκοντες ἀναγκάζονται, δι' ὧν οὐ πρὸς ἀλλήλους στασιάζουσι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἄλλοτε ἄλλως ἐκτίθενται δόξας. Eἰ δὲ ἡ τἀληθοῦς εὕρεσις ὅρος τις λέγεται παρ' αὐ τοῖς φιλοσοφίας, πῶς οἱ τῆς ἀληθοῦς μὴ τυχόντες γνώσεως τοῦ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ὀνόματός εἰσιν ἄξιοι; Eἰ γὰρ ὁ τῶν παρ'