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giving himself up, he came to Pompey, and falling at his knees and taking the diadem from his head, he placed it in his hands. Moved by these things, Pompey bent his anger and raised him up and gave back the diadem, placing it on the Armenian's head himself, and in other respects held the man in honor; however, he punished the Armenian by the removal of a certain part of his rule and with much money. For he cut off Syria and Phoenicia, and compelled him, since he had initiated unjust hostilities, to pay five thousand talents of silver to the Roman treasury. After this he subdued the Albanians, and forced Arsaces (or Artaces), the king of the Iberians, to flee, and he gave Lesser Armenia to Deiotarus the tetrarch of Galatia, and he restored Attalus and Pylaemenes to their own rule of Paphlagonia, having been driven out by Mithridates. And he set a ruler over the Colchians. Upon which he subdued both the Syrians and the Arabs, and in the third month he subjugated the Jews. But he plundered none of the votive offerings of the temple, but having made an inventory of everything, he handed them over to Aristobulus. For he sent Hyrcanus to the Romans as a prisoner.” 71 Exc. De virt.: That Lucius Sergius Catiline, a man of most illustrious family, but otherwise wicked by nature, both daring and ambitious, and of a complex character, conspired for the destruction of the fatherland, having bound the most audacious and daring of the patricians to his pledge. For it is said that after sacrificing a man he made the conspirators taste the blood, passing around to all the cup full of both wine and human blood, whether enchanting the men with such an oath, or accustoming them to every audacity and every unholy deed, inasmuch as he was attempting to shed kindred and civic blood, and contriving to change the state into a tyranny by much slaughter of the best men and by the burning of the city. Now, what incited Catiline to these monstrous ideas were burdens of debts exceeding the value of his property, and a conscience from lawless and abominable deeds. For he had killed his son while still a boy for the sake of his marriage to Orestilla, and had lain with his virgin daughter. For which reasons indeed he was driven off when seeking the consulship, Cicero having been elected in his place. From this indeed Catiline especially conceived the most monstrous of plots, in no way ceasing from his evils, nor giving his mind rest. But nevertheless Cicero, being a powerful speaker and able to discover the truth, and most sharp at perceiving what was to come, declared him an enemy and drove him from the city. For he, not enduring the scrutiny, fled and went to Manlius his fellow conspirator, who had already gathered numerous forces around Apulia and Etruria. And those who shared with him in the plots against Rome met with their due punishment in the prison. 72 Exc. De ins.: That Cassius the quaestor was the first to conceive the murder of Caesar, having chosen the circle of Brutus for partnership in the deed. And after the disaster of Crassus, the civil war followed, accursed and having been the cause of many tears. That indeed, in addition to the other disasters that happened at that time, the fortune of the people also changed from ruling to being ruled. Now Gaius Caesar, returning from Gaul, the conqueror of many and valiant nations, announced his candidacy for the consulship, supposing that it would be added to him without dispute on account of his achievements. But when his request was opposed by Marcellus the consul and Bibulus, and also by Pompey and the philosopher Cato, he was ordered to return to the city after disbanding his forces. (2) But some say that the circle of Pompey opposed Caesar when he was asking not for the consulship, but for the celebration of a triumph; and others that when he wished to receive some extension of his appointed time, in order to vanquish all the barbarians together, he was not accepted by the senate; and with only Curio, who was tribune at that time, voting in favor, he dissolves the

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ἐνδιδοὺς ἑαυτὸν ἀφίκετο πρὸς Πομπήιον, καὶ πρὸς τοῖς γόνασιν αὐτοῦ πεσὼν καὶ τὸ διάδημα τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀφελὼν ἐν ταῖς ἐκείνου χερσὶ κατέθετο. Οἷς δὴ καμφθεὶς τὸν θυμὸν ὁ Πομπήιος ἀνίστησί τε αὐτὸν καὶ τὸ διάδημα πάλιν ἀποδίδωσιν, αὐτὸς τῇ τοῦ Ἀρμενίου τοῦτο περιθεὶς κεφαλῇ, τά τε ἄλλα διὰ τιμῆς τὸν ἄνδρα ἦγεν· ἀφαιρέσει δὲ ὅμως μέρους τινὸς τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ χρήμασι πολλοῖς ἐζημίωσε τὸν Ἀρμένιον. Συρίαν τε γὰρ καὶ Φοινίκην ἀπετέμετο, καὶ πεντακισχίλια τάλαντα ἀργυρίου τῷ Ῥωμαίων δικαίῳ, ἅτε χειρῶν ἀδίκων ἀρξάμενον, προσηνάγκασε. Μετὰ ταῦτα Ἀλβανοὺς ὑπέταξε, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἰβήρων Ἀρσάκην (λ. Ἀρτάκην) φεύγειν ἠνάγκασε, καὶ τὴν μικρὰν Ἀρμενίαν ∆ηιοτάρῳ τῷ δυνάστῃ τῆς Γαλατίας ἐδωρήσατο, Ἄτταλόν τε καὶ Πυλαιμένεα ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρχὴν τῆς Παφλαγονίας κατήγαγεν, ἐξεληλαμένους πρὸς τοῦ Μιθριδάτου. Κόλχοις τε ἐφίστησιν ἡγεμόνα. Ἐφ' οἷς Σύρους τε καὶ Ἄραβας κατεστρέψατο, καὶ Ἰουδαίουςτρίτῳ μηνὶ παρεστήσατο. Ἐκ δὲ τῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἀναθημάτων οὐδὲν διήρπασεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἀναγραφὴν ποιησάμενος Ἀριστοβούλῳ παρέδωκεν. Ὑρκανὸν γὰρ εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἐξέπεμψεν δέσμιον.» 71 Exc. De virt.: Ὅτι Λούκιος Σέργιος Κατιλῖνος, ἀνὴρ γένους μὲν ὢν ἐπιφανεστάτου, ἄλλως δὲ πονηρὸς τὴν φύσιν, τολμητής τε καὶ μεγαλοπράγμων, καὶ τὸ ἦθος ποικίλος, ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ τῆς πατρίδος συνώμοσε, τοὺς θρασυτάτους καὶ τολμηροτάτους τῶν εὐπατριδῶν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πίστιν ἐνδησάμενος. Λέγεται γὰρ ἄνθρωπον καταθύσας γεῦσαι τοῦ αἵματος τοὺς συνωμότας, περιάγων εἰς πάντας τὴν κύλικα πλήρη οἴνου τε καὶ ἀνθρωπείου αἵματος, εἴτε καταγοητεύων τοὺς ἄνδρας τῷ τοιῷδε ὅρκῳ, εἴτε καὶ πρὸς πᾶν τόλμημα καὶ πᾶσαν ἐθίζων ἀνοσιουργίαν, ἅτε οἰκείῳ καὶ πολιτικῷ ἐπιχειρῶν αἵματι, καὶ μεταγαγεῖν τὴν πολιτείαν εἰς τυραννίδα φόνῳ τε πολλῷ τῶν ἀρίστων καὶ καταπρήσει τῆς πόλεως μηχανώμενος. Ἐπῆρε δὲ ἄρα τὸν Κατιλῖνον εἰς ταύτας τὰς ἀτόπους ἐννοίας βάρη τε ὀφλημάτων νικῶντα τὸ τίμημα τῆς οὐσίας, καὶ τὸ συνειδὸς ἐκθέ σμων καὶ μυσαρῶν πράξεων. Τόν τε γὰρ υἱὸν ἔτι παῖδα ὄντα τοῦ τῆς Ὀρεστίλλης ἕνεκα γάμου διέφθειρε, καὶ θυγατρὶ παρθένῳ συνελθών. ∆ι' ἃ δὴ καὶ ὑπατείαν μετιὼν ἀπηλάθη, Κικέρωνος ἐς τὴν τοῦδε χώραν αἱρεθέντος. Ἐξ οὗ δὴ καὶ μάλιστα τὰ ἀτοπώτατα τῶν δραμάτων ὁ Κατιλῖνος ἐπὶ νοῦν ἐβάλετο, οὐδαμοῦ τῶν κακῶν ἱστάμενος, οὐδὲ ἀναπαύων τὴν γνώμην. Οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ ὁ Κικέρων, εἰπεῖν τε δεινὸς ὢν καὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἀνευρεῖν ἱκανὸς, γνῶναί τε τὸ μέλλον ὀξύτατος, πολέμιον αὐτὸν ἀποφήνας ἐξήλασε τῆς πόλεως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὑπομείνας τοὺς ἐλέγχους, φεύγων ὡς Μάνλιον τὸν συνωμότην ᾤχετο, συχνὰς ἤδη δυνάμεις περί τε Ἀπουλίαν καὶ Τυρρηνίαν ἠθροικότα. Οἱ δὲ κοινωνήσαντες αὐτῷ τῶν κατὰ τῆς Ῥώμης βουλευμάτων, δίκης τῆς προσηκούσης ἐς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἔτυχον. 72 Exc. De ins.: Ὅτι Κάσσιος ὁ ταμίας πρῶτος τὸν τοῦ Καίσαρος φόνον ἐπὶ νοῦν ἐβάλλετο, τοὺς περὶ Βροῦτον εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἔργου κοινωνίαν προελόμενος. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν τοῦ Κράσσου συμφορὰν, ὁ πολιτικὸς διεδέξατο πόλεμος, ἐπάρατός τε καὶ πολλῶν δακρύων γεγονὼς αἴτιος. Ὅτι δὴ πρὸς ταῖς ἄλλαις ταῖς κατ' αὐτὸν συμβεβηκυίαις συμφοραῖς καὶ ἡ τύχη τοῦ δήμου ἐκ τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ μετέστη πρὸς τὸ ὑπήκοον. Γάϊος δὴ Καῖσαρ ἀναστρέφων ἐκ τῆς Γαλατίας, πολλῶν τε καὶ ἀλκίμων ἐθνῶν νικητὴς, ὑπατείαν ἐπήγγειλεν, ἀναμφιλόγως οἱ διὰ τῶν πεπραγμένων προστεθήσεσθαι ταύτην ὑπολαμβάνων. Ἀντειπόντων δὲ τῇ ἐξαιτήσει Μαρκέλλου τε τοῦ ὑπάτου καὶ Βιβούλου, ἔτι τε Πομπηίου καὶ τοῦ φιλοσόφου Κάτωνος, ἐπανιέναι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, τὰς δυνάμεις διαφεὶς, παρατάττεται. (2) Οἱ δὲ οὐχ ὑπατείαν, ἀλλὰ θριάμβου καταγωγὴν αἰτοῦντι τῷ Καίσαρι ἐναντιωθῆναι τοὺς περὶ τὸν Πομπήιον· οἱ δὲ προσθήκην τινὰ τοῦ ὡρισμένου χρόνου λαβεῖν βουλόμενον, ἐπὶ τῷ πάντας ὁμοῦ τοὺς βαρβάρους καταγωνίσασθαι, οὐ προσδεχθῆναι μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς· Κουρίωνος δὲ τοῦ κατ' ἐκεῖνο δημαρχοῦντος μόνου ψηφισαμένου, διαλύει μὲν τὸν