John Chrysostom, On David and Saul

will be able to grieve him. 8. And what do I say of what is said? Nothing of the things that happen, 54.706 just as not even this blessed one; but seeing the enemy arming himself against his own salvation, and moving all things on account of this, not only did he not become savage, but he also came to greater compassion; the more he plotted, the more he wept for him. For he knew, he knew clearly, that not the one who suffers evil, but the one who does it, this is the one worthy of tears and lamentations, harming himself. On account of this he also composed a long defense to him, and did not depart before he had prepared him to make his own defense with tears and lamentations. For when he cried out and uttered a bitter voice, and lamented greatly, hear what he says: You are more righteous than I, for you have repaid me with good things, but I have repaid you with evil things. Do you see how he both condemns his own wickedness, and praises the virtue of the righteous one, and makes a defense with no one compelling him? So you also do. When you take your enemy, do not accuse, but defend yourself, so that you may prepare him to accuse himself. For if we accuse, he becomes harsh; but if we defend ourselves, being shamed by our forbearance, he will then accuse himself. And thus the refutation becomes unsuspected, and he is freed from all wickedness. Which is what happened here; and the one who did wrong accuses with much vehemence, while the one who was wronged is silent. For he did not say simply, You have worked good things for me, but, You have repaid me with good things; that is, In return for the plot, in return for the slaughter, in return for those countless evils, you have requited us with great benefits. But I did not become better even so, but even after those benefits I persisted in wickedness; and you were not changed even so, but you continued maintaining your own way and again benefiting us who were plotting against you. Of how many crowns would David not be worthy for each of these words? For even if the mouth of Saul uttered them, yet the wisdom and the art of David planted them in his soul. And you have declared to me today, he says, the good things which you did for me, how the Lord shut me up today into your hands, and you did not kill me. And he testifies to another virtue of his again, that having done a good deed he did not keep silent, nor did he overlook it, but coming he said, not doing this for show, but wishing to show, and to teach through the deeds themselves, that he is one of those who care and provide, not of those who plot and do evil. For to speak of one's own good deeds is a thing which has the greatest profit. For when someone brings them up and proclaims them with no pretext, he will be in no better a state than those who reproach; but when he does this wishing to persuade the one who is corrupt and has a wicked prejudice concerning him, he is a guardian and a benefactor; which is what David also did, not loving the glory from him, but wishing to pluck out the anger rooted in him. And for this reason, at any rate, he praised him, because he both did a good deed, and he spoke of the good deed. Then seeking a reward, and having none to find equal to what had happened, he gives him God Himself as a debtor, speaking thus: Because if one finds his enemy in affliction, and sends him away in a good way, the Lord also will repay him with good things, as you have done today. For what worthy thing did he have to repay for the benefits, even if he gave a kingdom 54.707 and all the cities? For not simply cities and a kingdom, but David had bestowed on him his very life; but this one did not have another life to give in return. On account of this he refers him to God, and honors him with rewards from there, both praising this one and teaching all, that then greater for us from

λυπῆσαι δυνήσεται. ηʹ. Καὶ τί λέγω, τῶν λεγομένων; Οὐδὲν τῶν γινομέ54.706 νων, ὡσπεροῦν οὐδὲ τὸν μακάριον τοῦτον· ἀλλ' ὁρῶν τὸν πολέμιον κατὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ σωτηρίας ὁπλιζόμενον, καὶ πάντα διὰ τοῦτο κινοῦντα, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἠγρίανεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς πλείονα ἦλθε συμπάθειαν· ὅσῳ μείζονα ἐπεβούλευε, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον αὐτὸν ἐδάκρυεν. Ἤδει γὰρ, ᾔδει σαφῶς, ὅτι οὐχ ὁ πάσχων κακῶς, ἀλλ' ὁ ποιῶν, οὗτός ἐστι δακρύων ἄξιος καὶ θρήνων, ἑαυτὸν καταβλάπτων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ μακρὰν πρὸς αὐτὸν συνέθηκεν ἀπολογίαν, καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἀπέστη, ἕως καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπολογήσασθαι παρεσκεύασε μετὰ δακρύων καὶ θρήνων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀνῴμωξε καὶ πικρὰν ἀφῆκε φωνὴν, καὶ μέγα ἀνωλόλυξεν, ἄκουσον τί φησι· ∆ίκαιος σὺ ὑπὲρ ἐμὲ, ὅτι σὺ μὲν ἀνταπέδωκάς μοι ἀγαθὰ, ἐγὼ δ' ἀνταπέδωκά σοι κακά. Ὁρᾷς πῶς καὶ τῆς οἰκείας κακίας καταγινώσκει, καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἀνυμνεῖ τοῦ δικαίου, καὶ μηδενὸς ἀναγκάζοντος ἀπολογεῖται; Οὕτω καὶ σὺ ποίησον. Ἐπειδὰν λάβῃς τὸν ἐχθρὸν, μὴ κατηγορήσῃς, ἀλλ' ἀπολόγησαι, ἵνα παρασκευάσῃς ἐκεῖνον ἑαυτοῦ κατηγορῆσαι. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ἡμεῖς κατηγορῶμεν, τραχύνεται· ἂν δ' ἀπολογησώμεθα, ἐντρεπόμενος ἡμῶν τὴν ἐπιείκειαν, αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ κατηγορήσει λοιπόν. Καὶ οὕτως ὅ τε ἔλεγχος ἀνύποπτος γίνεται, ἐκεῖνός τε τῆς πονηρίας ἀπαλλάττεται πάσης. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐνταῦθα συνέβη· καὶ κατηγορεῖ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σφοδρότητος ὁ ἀδικήσας, τοῦ ἠδικημένου σιγῶντος. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Εἰργάσω εἰς ἐμὲ ἀγαθὰ, ἀλλ', Ἀνταπέδωκάς μοι ἀγαθά· τουτέστιν, Ἀντὶ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς, ἀντὶ τῆς σφαγῆς, ἀντὶ τῶν μυρίων κακῶν ἐκείνων εὐεργεσίαις ἡμᾶς ἠμείψω μεγάλαις. Ἐγὼ δ' οὐδ' οὕτως ἐγενόμην βελτίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἐκείνας ἐπέμεινα τῇ πονηρίᾳ· καὶ οὐδ' οὕτω μετεβάλου, ἀλλὰ διέμεινας τὸν σαυτοῦ διατηρῶν τρόπον καὶ πάλιν ἡμᾶς ἐπιβουλεύοντας εὐεργετῶν. Πόσων οὐκ ἂν εἴη στεφάνων ἄξιος καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων ὁ ∆αυΐδ; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτὰ ἐφθέγγετο τοῦ Σαοὺλ, ἀλλ' ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ τέχνη τοῦ ∆αυῒδ εἰς τὴν ἐκείνου κατεφύτευσεν αὐτὰ ψυχήν. Καὶ ἀπήγγειλάς μοι σήμερον, φησὶν, ἃ ἐποίησάς μοι ἀγαθὰ, ὡς ἀπέκλεισέ με Κύριος σήμερον εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου, καὶ οὐκ ἀπέκτεινάς με. Καὶ ἑτέραν αὐτῷ μαρτυρεῖ πάλιν ἀρετὴν, ὅτι εὐεργετήσας οὐκ ἐσίγησεν, οὐδ' ὑπερεῖδεν, ἀλλ' ἐλθὼν εἶπεν, οὐ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν τοῦτο ποιῶν, ἀλλὰ δεῖξαι βουλόμενος, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν διδάξαι, ὅτι τῶν κηδομένων ἐστὶ καὶ προνοούντων, οὐ τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων καὶ πονηρευομένων. Τὸ γὰρ τὰς ἰδίας εὐεργεσίας λέγειν ἔστιν, ὅπου τὸ κέρδος ἔχει μέγιστον. Ὅταν γὰρ μηδεμιᾶς ὑποθέσεως οὔσης προσφέρῃ τις αὐτὰς καὶ ἀνακηρύττῃ, τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείσεται· ὅταν δὲ βουλόμενος πεῖσαι τὸν διεφθαρμένον, καὶ πονηρὰν περὶ αὐτοῦ πρόληψιν ἔχοντα τοῦτο ποιῇ, κηδεμών ἐστι καὶ εὐεργέτης· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ ἐποίησεν, οὐ τῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ δόξης ἐρῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐῤῥιζωμένον ἐν αὐτῷ θυμὸν ἀνασπάσαι βουλόμενος. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτὸν ἐπῄνεσεν, ὅτι καὶ εὐεργέτησε, καὶ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν εἶπεν. Εἶτα ζητῶν ἀμοιβὴν, καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἔχων τῶν γεγενημένων ἴσην εὑρεῖν, τὸν Θεὸν αὐτὸν αὐτῷ δίδωσιν ὀφειλέτην, οὑτωσὶ λέγων· Ὅτι εἰ εὕροι τις τὸν ἐχθρὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν θλίψει, καὶ ἐκπέμψει αὐτὸν ἐν ὁδῷ ἀγαθῇ, καὶ Κύριος ἀνταποδῷ αὐτῷ ἀγαθὰ, καθὼς πεποίηκας σὺ σήμερον. Τί γὰρ καὶ εἶχεν ἄξιον ἀποδοῦναι τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, εἰ καὶ βασιλείαν 54.707 ἔδωκε, καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἁπάσας; Οὐ γὰρ πόλεις ἁπλῶς καὶ βασιλείαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴν αὐτῷ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐχαρίσατο ὁ ∆αυΐδ· οὗτος δὲ ψυχὴν ἀντιδοῦναι ἑτέραν οὐκ εἶχε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν τῷ Θεῷ παραπέμπει, καὶ ταῖς ἐκεῖθεν γεραίρει ἀμοιβαῖς, τοῦτόν τ' ἐπαινῶν καὶ παιδεύων ἅπαντας, ὅτι τότε μείζους ἡμῖν παρὰ