to blow favorably upon them, but blowing against them strongly and fiercely, it has sunk their affairs. But the account will now clearly reveal these things. 8. The Sicilians, being unable to stand against such a surge and the irresistible spirit of the Romans, left their cities and went into the difficult terrains, and gathered in strategic places. For the island is for the most part precipitous and wooded, and capable of providing a makeshift garrison for anyone who wishes. Therefore Manuel, when it was necessary for him, having taken the cities, to guard them and the land, as much as was good for pasture and passable for cavalry, and to cut off the fugitives from fodder and other foods; for thus, worn down by starvation, they would have suffered one of two things, either they would have surrendered themselves to the Romans, or they would have perished from a lack of necessities; but he, being impetuous, and seething with passion and youth, and not having acquired the active and successful quality in a very necessary way, being elated beyond what was proper by the victories that had already pre- 67 ceded, went through those perilous regions, searching for the fugitives. But as soon as the phalanx was broken up in the difficult terrain, and was proceeding in disorder through rocks and clefts, the barbarians, having laid an ambush for the men, rose from their hiding places with a crash and unintelligible shouts, and suddenly attacked them. And they, struck with terror by the unexpectedness, and not even able to see the light of the sun because of the dense thicket, turned to flight; but the barbarians, having attacked, slew them pitilessly, as if they were sacrificial victims; and they only stopped killing the men when both their strength and their rage failed them. And Manuel himself was also killed; and as many of the Romans as escaped the swords, were captured alive by the Hagarenes. And they, when they had subdued the infantry, hastened to the shore, where the Roman triremes were anchored, and by assault became masters of most of them; and the Patrician Niketas was also captured, and was sent as a captive of the spear to the ruler of the Africans. Therefore, out of so great an army, a few who escaped and were easily counted, came to the emperor Nikephoros; and he, having heard of the loss of such an army, was grieved and pained in his soul by so great a disaster and strange event. But considering the instability of human affairs, he bore what had happened nobly, being a man of strong mind, and knowing how to keep his soul 68 unhumbled in difficult circumstances. And again he equipped the army against the Hagarenes inhabiting Syria. 9. And at the same time, as the summer solstice was just turning towards autumn, God caused a great earthquake, so that both houses and cities were overthrown. And Claudiopolis, the most prosperous place of the Galatians, it then happened, having been ruined by the irresistible motion and shaking, became a sudden tomb for its inhabitants, and many of the foreigners who were present perished in an instant. As the cause of so great a shaking and motion, the natural philosophers indeed tell myths of certain vapors and exhalations, shut up in the hollows of the earth, and then forming into a tempestuous wind, since it does not happen that their breath escapes all at once, on account of the narrowness of the pores, they are gathered together and whirl about, and shake the cavities with a violent motion, and shake everything that is on top and surrounding, until they can breathe out from what was previously confining them, and having been exhaled to the outside, are dispersed into the kindred air. But these things the vain mythology of the Greeks has explained according to what seems right to it. But I, following the divine David, would say that so great a shaking comes upon us from the visitation of God, whenever he watches over our practices,

πλησίστιος αὐτοῖς ἐπιπνεῖν, σφοδρὸν δὲ καὶ ἄγριον ἀντιπνεύσασα, ὑποβρύχια τὰ πράγματα τέθεικε. δηλώσει δὲ ταῦτα ὁ λόγος ἤδη σαφῶς. ηʹ. Σικελιῶται πρὸς τοσαύτην ῥοπὴν καὶ ἀνανταγώνιστα τῶν Ῥωμαίων φρονήματα οὐχ οἷοί τε ὄντες ἀντικαθίστασθαι, τὰς πόλεις ἀπολιπόντες τὰς δυσχωρίας ὑπῄεσαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τόπων ἐπικαίρων ἠθροίζοντο. κρημνώδης γὰρ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ καὶ δενδρώδης ἡ νῆσος, ἱκανή τε τῷ βουλομένῳ φρουρὰν αὐτοσχέδιον ἐπιχορηγεῖν. ὁ τοίνυν Μανουὴλ, δέον αὐτῷ τὰς πόλεις παρειληφότα φρουρεῖν καὶ χώραν, ὅση εὔβοτος ἦν καὶ ἱππήλατος, ἀπείργειν τε τὰς φυγάδας χιλῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων βρωτῶν· οὕτω γὰρ τῷ λιμώττειν τρυχόμενοι δυεῖν θάτερον ἔπαθον ἂν, ἢ Ῥωμαίοις ἑαυτοὺς ἐνεχείρισαν, ἢ σπάνει τῶν ἀναγκαίων διαπεφωνήκεισαν· ὁ δὲ , ὁρμητίας τε ὢν, καὶ σφαδάζων θυμῷ καὶ νεότητι, τὸ δραστήριον δὲ καὶ ἐπήβολον οὐ πάνυ δεόντως προσκεκτημένος, ταῖς προ 67 βάσαις ἤδη νίκαις ὑπὲρ τὸ εἰκὸς ἐπαρθεὶς, διὰ τῶν ἐπισφαλῶν ἐκείνων χώρων ἐπῄει, τοὺς φυγάδας ἀνερευνώμενος. ἄρτι δὲ κατὰ τὴν δυσχωρίαν διαλυθείσης τῆς φάλαγγος, καὶ διὰ σκοπέλων καὶ χηραμῶν ἀσυντάκτως χωρούσης, προλοχίσαντες τοὺς ἄνδρας οἱ βάρβαροι, πατάγῳ καὶ ἀσήμοις φωναῖς τῶν λόχων διανίσταντο, καὶ αὐτοῖς αἰφνίδιον ἐπετίθεντο. οἱ δὲ τῷ ἀπροσδοκήτῳ καταπλαγέντες, καὶ μηδὲ τὸ ἡλιακὸν φῶς τῷ συνηρεφεῖ τῆς λόχμης ἐώμενοι καθορᾷν, εἰς φυγὴν ἀπέκλιναν· οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐπιτεθέντες ἀνῄρουν τούτους ἀνηλεῶς, ὥς τινα θύματα· τηνικαῦτα δὲ κτείνειν τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπείχοντο , ὅτε τούτοις ἥ τε δύναμις καὶ ὁ θυμὸς ἀπηγόρευσεν. ἀνῃρέθη δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Μανουήλ· ὅσοι δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων τὰ ξίφη διέφυγον, ζωγρίαι πρὸς τῶν Ἀγαρηνῶν ἡλίσκοντο. οἱ δὲ, ἐπεὶ τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν παρεστήσαντο, ἐπὶ τὴν ἠϊόνα ταχυδρομήσαντες, ἵνα αἱ Ῥωμαϊκαὶ τριήρεις ὑφώρμουν, ἐγκρατεῖς ἐξ ἐφόδου τῶν πλείστων ἐγένοντο· ἥλω δὲ καὶ ὁ Πατρίκιος Νικήτας, καὶ δορυάλωτος τῷ τῶν Ἄφρων κατάρχοντι παρεπέμπετο. ἐκ γοῦν τοσούτου τοῦ στρατοῦ ὀλίγοι τινὲς διαδράντες καὶ εὐαρίθμητοι, ὡς τὸν αὐτοκράτορα Νικηφόρον ἀφίκοντο· ὁ δὲ τὴν ἀπώλειαν διενωτισθεὶς τῆς τοιαύτης στρατιᾶς, ἠνιάθη μὲν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἤλγησε τῷ τοσούτῳ πταίσματι καὶ ἀλλοκότῳ συμβάματι. ὑπολογιζόμενος δὲ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων τὸ ἄστατον, γενναίως ἔφερε τὸ συμβὰν, ἰσχυρογνώμων τις ὢν, καὶ ἐν δυσκολίᾳ πραγμάτων διασώζειν εἰδὼς τὴν ψυχὴν 68 ἀταπείνωτον. Αὖθις δὲ κατὰ τῶν τὴν Συρίαν οἰκούντων Ἀγαρηνῶν ἐξήρτυε τὸν στρατόν. θʹ. Κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον, ἄρτι τῆς θερινῆς τροπῆς μεταβαλλούσης ἐπὶ τὸ μετόπωρον, ἔσεισεν ὁ Θεὸς μέγα, ὡς καὶ οἰκίας καὶ ἄστη ἀνατραπῆναι. Κλαυδιούπολίν τε, τὸ εὐδαιμονέστατον χωρίον τῶν Γαλατῶν, τότε συνέβη, κατεριπωθεῖσαν ἐκ τῆς ἀνυποστάτου κινήσεως καὶ ἐνόσεως, αἰφνίδιον τῶν οἰκητόρων τάφον γενέσθαι, καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν ἐπηλύδων παρατυχόντας ἐν ἀκαρεῖ διαφθαρῆναι. αἴτιον δὲ τῆς τοσαύτης ἐνόσεως καὶ κινήσεως ἀτμοὺς μὲν οἱ μαθηματικοὶ καὶ ἀναθυμιάσεις μυθολογοῦσί τινας, ἐναποκλειομένας τοῖς κόλποις τῆς γῆς, αὖθίς τε εἰς πνεῦμα καταιγίδος συνισταμένας, ἐπεὶ μὴ ἀθρόον συμβαίνει τὴν διαπνοὴν τούτων ἐκτρέχειν, διὰ τὴν τῶν πόρων στενότητα , συνειλεῖσθαί τε καὶ περιδινεῖσθαι, καὶ τὰ κοῖλα περιδονεῖν μετὰ σφοδρᾶς τῆς κινήσεως, καὶ τὸ ἐπιπροσθοῦν καὶ περιέχον ἅπαν σαλεύειν, ἕως ἂν ἐκ τοῦ τέως εἵργοντος διεκπνεύσωσι, καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἔξωθεν ἐξατμισθέντα εἰς τὸν ὁμογενῆ διασκεδασθεῖεν ἀέρα. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἡ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰκαιομυθία πρὸς τὸ ταύτῃ δοκοῦν ἐξηγήσατο. ἐγὼ δὲ τῷ θείῳ ∆αβὶδ συνεπόμενος, ἐπισκοπῇ φαίην τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τὸν τοσοῦτον κλόνον ἐγγίνεσθαι, ὅταν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμῶν ἐπαγρυπνήσῃ ἐπιτηδεύμασι,