of truth, do you show that those who have trusted in you are subjected to a flow and current and disorderly eddies? And why do you fill my life with idols, fashioning as gods this world, winds or air or fire or earth or stones or wood or iron, and also the wandering stars as gods, for those of mankind who are truly led astray by this much-talked-of astrology—not astronomy—discoursing idly and prattling on about celestial phenomena? I long for the Lord of the spirits, the Lord of the fire, the Creator of the world, the light-bringer of the sun; I seek God, not the works of God. 6.68.1 Whom then shall I take from you as a fellow-worker in the search? For we have not entirely given up on you. If you wish, Plato. In what way then must we track down God, O Plato? "For to find the Father and Maker of this universe is a task, and having found Him, to declare Him to all is impossible." Why so, 6.68.2 in His name? "For He is in no way expressible." Well done, O Plato, you have touched upon the truth; but do not grow weary; join with me in the search for the good; for into all men without exception, but especially into those who are occupied with discourse, 6.68.3 a certain divine emanation has been instilled. For which reason even against their will they confess that there is one God, indestructible and unbegotten, somewhere above on the back of heaven in His own and proper watch-tower, truly existing always; but tell me, what kind of God must we conceive? He who sees all things but is not Himself seen, 6.68.4 says Euripides. Indeed, Menander seems to me to have been mistaken where he says, "O Sun, for it is you one must worship first among the gods, through whom it is possible to behold the other gods;" for not even the sun could ever show the true God, but the sound Word, who is the sun of the soul, by whom alone, when He has risen within in the depth of the mind, its 6.68.5 eye is illumined; whence not unreasonably Democritus says that "a few of the learned men, stretching out their hands to that which we Greeks now call air, uttered fables about Zeus being all, and that he knows all and gives and takes away, and he is king of all." And in this way Plato, thinking about God, hints, "Around the King of all are all things, and that One is the cause of all good things." 6.69.1 Who then is the King of all? God, the measure of the truth of things that are. As, then, things measured are comprehended by a measure, so also by the thinking of God is the truth measured 6.69.2 and apprehended. And Moses, truly holy, says, "There shall not be in your bag a weight and a weight, great or small, nor shall there be in your house a measure, great or small, but there shall be for you a true and just weight," considering God to be the weight and measure and number of all things; 6.69.3 for unjust and unequal idols are hidden at home in the bag and in the, so to speak, defiled soul; but the only just measure, the only truly God, being always equal and in the same state, both measures and weighs all things, as if with the balance of justice encompassing and sustaining without wavering the nature 6.69.4 of all things. "God, then, as the ancient saying has it, holding the beginning and end and middle of all that is, brings all to a straight conclusion as he proceeds according to nature; and with him there ever follows Justice, the avenger of those who fall short of the divine law." 6.70.1 From where, O Plato, do you hint at the truth? From where does the abundant supply of your arguments prophesy piety? Wiser, he says, than these are the barbarian races. I know your teachers, even if you wish to conceal them; you learn geometry from the Egyptians, astronomy from the Babylonians, you receive healing incantations from the Thracians, and the Assyrians have taught you much, but the laws that are true and the doctrine of God you have profited from the Hebrews themselves, 6.70.2 who not with empty deceits, nor with works of men, of gold and of bronze and of silver and of ivory, and wooden and stone idols of dead mortals do they honor, such things as mortals with empty mind
ἀληθείας, τοὺς σοὶ πεπιστευκότας δεικνύεις ῥύσει καὶ φορᾷ δίναις τε ἀτάκτοις ὑποβεβλημένους; Τί δέ μοι εἰδώλων ἀναπίμπλης τὸν βίον, ἀνέμους τε ἢ ἀέρα ἢ πῦρ ἢ γῆν ἢ λίθους ἢ ξύλα ἢ σίδηρον, κόσμον τόνδε θεοὺς ἀναπλάττουσα, θεοὺς δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀστέρας τοὺς πλανήτας, τοῖς ὄντως πεπλανημένοις τῶν ἀνθρώπων διὰ τῆς πολυθρυ λήτου ταύτης ἀστρολογίας, οὐκ ἀστρονομίας, μετεωρολο γοῦσα καὶ ἀδολεσχοῦσα; Τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων ποθῶ, τὸν κύριον τοῦ πυρός, τὸν κόσμου δημιουργόν, τὸν ἡλίου φωταγωγόν· θεὸν ἐπιζητῶ, οὐ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ. 6.68.1 Τίνα δὴ λάβω παρὰ σοῦ συνεργὸν τῆς ζητήσεως; οὐ γὰρ παντάπασιν ἀπεγνώκαμέν σε. Εἰ βούλει, τὸν Πλά τωνα. Πῇ δὴ οὖν ἐξιχνευτέον τὸν θεόν, ὦ Πλάτων; "Τὸν γὰρ πατέρα καὶ ποιητὴν τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς εὑρεῖν τε ἔργον καὶ εὑρόντα εἰς ἅπαντας ἐξειπεῖν ἀδύνατον." ∆ιὰ τί δῆτα, 6.68.2 ὢ πρὸς αὐτοῦ; "Ῥητέον γὰρ οὐδαμῶς ἐστίν." Εὖ γε, ὦ Πλάτων, ἐπαφᾶσαι τῆς ἀληθείας· ἀλλὰ μὴ ἀποκάμῃς· ξύν μοι λαβοῦ τῆς ζητήσεως τἀγαθοῦ πέρι· πᾶσιν γὰρ ἁπαξαπλῶς ἀνθρώποις, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς περὶ λόγους ἐνδια 6.68.3 τρίβουσιν ἐνέστακταί τις ἀπόρροια θεϊκή. Οὗ δὴ χάριν καὶ ἄκοντες μὲν ὁμολογοῦσιν ἕνα τε εἶναι θεόν, ἀνώλεθρον καὶ ἀγένητον τοῦτον, ἄνω που περὶ τὰ νῶτα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ καὶ οἰκείᾳ περιωπῇ ὄντως ὄντα ἀεί· θεὸν δὲ ποῖον εἰπέ μοι νοητέον; Τὸν πάνθ' ὁρῶντα καὐτὸν οὐχ ὁρώμενον, 6.68.4 Εὐριπίδης λέγει. Πεπλανῆσθαι γοῦν ὁ Μένανδρός μοι δοκεῖ, ἔνθα φησίν ἥλιε, σὲ γὰρ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν πρῶτον θεῶν, δι' ὃν θεωρεῖν ἔστι τοὺς ἄλλους θεούς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἥλιος ἐπιδείξει ποτ' ἂν τὸν θεὸν τὸν ἀληθῆ, ὁ δὲ λόγος ὁ ὑγιής, ὅς ἐστιν ἥλιος ψυχῆς, δι' οὗ μόνου ἔνδον ἀνατείλαντος ἐν τῷ βάθει τοῦ νοῦ αὐτοῦ καταυγάζεται τὸ 6.68.5 ὄμμα· ὅθεν οὐκ ἀπεικότως ὁ ∆ημόκριτος "τῶν λογίων ἀνθρώπων ὀλίγους" φησίν "ἀνατείναντας τὰς χεῖρας ἐνταῦθα ὃν νῦν ἠέρα καλέομεν οἱ Ἕλληνες, πάντα ∆ία μυθεῖσθαι, καὶ πάντα οὗτος οἶδεν καὶ διδοῖ καὶ ἀφαιρεῖται, καὶ βασιλεὺς οὗτος τῶν πάντων". Ταύτῃ πῃ καὶ Πλάτων διανοούμενος τὸν θεὸν αἰνίττεται "περὶ τὸν πάντων βασιλέα πάντ' ἐστί, κἀκεῖνο αἴτιον ἁπάντων καλῶν." 6.69.1 Τίς οὖν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν πάντων; Θεὸς τῆς τῶν ὄντων ἀληθείας τὸ μέτρον. Ὥσπερ οὖν τῷ μέτρῳ καταληπτὰ τὰ μετρούμενα, οὑτωσὶ δὲ καὶ τῷ νοῆσαι τὸν θεὸν μετρεῖται 6.69.2 καὶ καταλαμβάνεται ἡ ἀλήθεια. Ὁ δὲ ἱερὸς ὄντως Μωυσῆς "οὐκ ἔσται", φησίν, "ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ σου στάθμιον καὶ στάθμιον μέγα ἢ μικρόν, οὐδὲ ἔσται ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου μέτρον μέγα ἢ μικρόν, ἀλλ' ἢ στάθμιον ἀληθινὸν καὶ δίκαιον ἔσται σοι", στάθμιον καὶ μέτρον καὶ ἀριθμὸν τῶν ὅλων ὑπολαμ 6.69.3 βάνων τὸν θεόν· τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἄδικα καὶ ἄνισα εἴδωλα οἴκοι ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ καὶ ἐν τῇ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ῥυπώσῃ ψυχῇ κατακέκρυπται· τὸ δὲ μόνον δίκαιον μέτρον, ὁ μόνος ὄντως θεός, ἴσος ἀεὶ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχων, μετρεῖ τε πάντα καὶ σταθμᾶται, οἱονεὶ τρυτάνῃ τῇ δικαιο σύνῃ τὴν τῶν ὅλων ἀρρεπῶς περιλαμβάνων καὶ ἀνέχων 6.69.4 φύσιν. "Ὁ μὲν δὴ θεός, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς λόγος, ἀρχὴν καὶ τελευτὴν καὶ μέσα τῶν ὄντων ἁπάντων ἔχων, εὐθεῖαν περαίνει κατὰ φύσιν περιπορευόμενος· τῷ δ' ἀεὶ ξυνέπεται δίκη τῶν ἀπολειπομένων τοῦ θείου νόμου τιμωρός." 6.70.1 Πόθεν, ὦ Πλάτων, ἀλήθειαν αἰνίττῃ; Πόθεν ἡ τῶν λόγων ἄφθονος χορηγία τὴν θεοσέβειαν μαντεύεται; Σοφώ τερα, φησίν, τούτων βαρβάρων τὰ γένη. Οἶδά σου τοὺς διδασκάλους, κἂν ἀποκρύπτειν ἐθέλῃς· γεωμετρίαν παρ' Αἰγυπτίων μανθάνεις, ἀστρονομίαν παρὰ Βαβυλωνίων, ἐπῳ δὰς τὰς ὑγιεῖς παρὰ Θρᾳκῶν λαμβάνεις, πολλά σε καὶ Ἀσσύριοι πεπαιδεύκασι, νόμους δὲ τοὺς ὅσοι ἀληθεῖς καὶ δόξαν τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ παρ' αὐτῶν ὠφέλησαι τῶν Ἑβραίων, 6.70.2 οἵτινες οὐκ ἀπάτῃσι κεναῖς, οὐδὲ ἔργα ἀνθρώπων χρύσεα καὶ χάλκεα καὶ ἀργύρου ἠδ' ἐλέφαντος καὶ ξυλίνων λιθίνων τε βροτῶν εἴδωλα θανόντων τιμῶσιν, ὅσα πέρ τε βροτοὶ κενεόφρονι