TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

 being illuminated super-cosmically by them for the hymns of the Godhead and being conformed to the sacred hymnologies, so as to see the divine lights

 For all knowledges are of things that are and have their limit in things that are, but It is beyond all essence and is removed from all knowledge. <5>

 <7> Thus, therefore, to the Cause of all and which is above all, both the nameless will apply and all the names of the things that are, so that it may

 the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will, and that It is the Spirit that gives life? That the ent

 to the one-principled Trinity also is common the super-essential existence, the super-divine divinity, the super-good goodness, the identity beyond al

 has partaken of the Word, unless someone might say according to the good-pleasing and man-loving common will and according to all the transcendent and

 Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with

 <III.> <1> And first, if you please, let us investigate the name Good, which reveals the whole procession of God's emanations, invoking the Good-Pri

 to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-

 communions, the unconfused distinctions, the powers of the subordinate that lead up to the superior, the providences of the senior for the secondary,

 moves and nourishes and increases and perfects and purifies and renews. And light is the measure and number of hours, of days, and of all our time. Fo

 impartations and as calling all things to itself, whence it is also called Beauty, and as gathering all in all into one, and Beautiful as being All-Be

 the beautiful and the good is that which is beyond all rest and motion. Wherefore every rest and motion and that from which and in which and to which

 <12> And yet it has seemed to some of our sacred writers that the name 'eros' is even more divine than that of 'agape'. And the divine Ignatius also w

 an eternal circle through the Good, from the Good and in the Good and to the Good, moving about in an unerring convolution and in the same and accordi

 Whence then is evil? one might say. For if evil does not exist, virtue and vice are the same thing, and the whole is the same as the whole, and the pa

 irrational desire, in this it neither exists nor desires existing things, but it nevertheless partakes of the good by virtue of the faint echo itself

 simply nor in respect to time. <22> But neither is evil in angels. For if the good-like angel proclaims the divine goodness, being secondarily by part

 <24> But would someone say that souls are evil? If, because they associate with evil things providentially and for salvation, this is not evil, but go

 <30> To speak concisely The good is from one and the whole cause, but the evil from many and partial deficiencies. God knows evil, insofar as it is g

 goodnesses. <34> Therefore evil is not a being, nor is evil in beings. For evil, as evil, is nowhere. And the coming-to-be of evil is not according to

 manifestation of the all-perfect providence of the one God, and those of the more universal and the more particular things of the same. <3> And yet on

 <6> Therefore, the Essential Super-Goodness, putting forth the first gift, that of being itself, is praised by the first and most ancient of participa

 For if our sun, although the substances and qualities of sensible things are many and various, yet it, being one and shining a uniform light, renews a

 godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life o

 and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the ange

 the cause of all things. Therefore God is known both in all things and apart from all things. And God is known through knowledge and through unknowing

 to be power-in-itself, both by being beyond-power and by bringing forth other powers, infinitely many times the infinite number of existing powers, an

 of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-es

 is defined and all inequality, which is a privation of the equality in each of them, is banished. For if anyone were to take inequality to mean the di

 We said the neck was opinion, as between the rational and irrational the breast, spirit the belly, desire the legs and feet, nature, using the name

 the return to him of those who have proceeded from him. <10> But if one should take the divine name 'Same' from the Oracles, or 'Justice,' in the sens

 beings, inasmuch as He is both before eternity and above eternity and His kingdom is a kingdom of all the ages. Amen. <ΧI.> <1> Come now, let us c

 and would never willingly wish to be at rest. And if he who says these things says that otherness and distinction are the particularity of each of the

 self-deification, of which beings, partaking according to their own nature, both are and live and are divine, and are and are called, and the others l

 It is therefore Perfect not only as being self-complete and defined in itself by itself in a single form and most perfect whole through whole, but als

 And not even the name of Goodness do we offer to It as being applicable, but from a yearning to conceive and speak something about that ineffable Natu

godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life of daemons, for not even that life has its being from another cause, but from It has both its being as life and its permanence, bestowing also upon men the angel-like life possible for them as composite beings and by an overflow of loving-kindness both turning us back to herself when we wander away, and calling us back, and, what is more divine, that It has promised to transfer the whole of us, I mean souls and their conjoined bodies, to perfect life and immortality; a thing that to antiquity perhaps seems contrary to nature, but to me and to you and to the truth both divine and above nature. And by above nature I mean our own visible nature, not the all-powerful nature of the divine Life, for to It, being the nature of all lives and especially of the more divine, no life is contrary to nature or above nature. Therefore, let the contradictory arguments of the madness of Simon concerning this be driven far from the divine choir and from your sacred soul. For it escaped him, I think, though he thought himself wise in these matters, that the sensible man ought not to use the evident argument of sense-perception as an ally against the unseen Cause of all things. And this it is that must be said to him to be contrary to nature, for to It nothing is opposed. <3> From It all animals and plants are given life and are cherished. And whether you speak of intellectual or rational or sensible or nutritive and growing life, or whatever life or principle of life or substance of life, it is from It, the Life beyond all life, that it lives and is given life, and in It pre-exists causally and uniformly. For the Life which is above life and the source of life is the cause of all life and is life-giving and life-completing and life-distinguishing, and must be hymned by every life according to the prolific generation of all lives, as being seen and hymned as manifold and all life, and as lacking nothing, but rather overflowing with life, as Life-in-itself and as life-giving beyond all life and as above life, or however one might humanly hymn the ineffable Life. <VII.> <1> But come, if you please, let us hymn the good and eternal Life both as wise and as Wisdom-in-itself, or rather as the subsistence of all wisdom and as being above all wisdom and understanding. For not only is God overflowing with wisdom "and of his understanding there is no number," but He is also established above all reason and intellect and wisdom. And understanding this preternaturally, the truly divine man, the common sun of us and of our guide: "The foolishness of God is wiser than men," he says, not only because all human thought is a kind of error when judged against the stable and abiding nature of the divine and most perfect conceptions, but also because it is customary for theologians to deny things of God by way of privation with the opposite meaning. Thus also the oracles call the all-brilliant light "invisible" and the much-hymned and many-named "ineffable" and "nameless," and Him who is present to all and found from all "incomprehensible" and "unsearchable." In this manner, then, the divine apostle is now said to hymn the foolishness of God, having traced back what appears in it to be irrational and absurd to the ineffable truth that is before all reason. But as I have said in other places, by taking up things that are above us in a way that is proper to us, and by being entwined with our familiar senses and comparing divine things to our own, we are deceived in appearance as we pursue the divine and secret reason. It is necessary to know that our intellect has on the one hand the power to understand, through which it sees intelligible things, and on the other hand a union that transcends the nature of the intellect, through which it is joined to the things beyond itself. According to this, therefore, divine things must be understood not according to ourselves, but by going completely out of our whole selves and becoming wholly of God, for it is better to be of God and not of ourselves. For thus will divine things be given to those who become with God. Hymning therefore pre-eminently this irrational and unintellectual and foolish Wisdom, let us say that it is the cause of all intellect and reason and of all wisdom and understanding, and of It is all counsel and from It is all knowledge and understanding, and in It "all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" are "hidden." For indeed, following what has already been said, the super-wise and all-wise Cause

θεοειδῆ καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον ἀθανασίαν καὶ τὴν ἀῤῥεπῆ καὶ ἀπαρέγκλιτον ἀεικινησίαν ὑπερεκτεινομένη διὰ περιουσίαν ἀγαθότητος καὶ εἰς τὴν δαιμονίαν ζωήν, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνη τὸ εἶναι παρ' ἄλλης αἰτίας, ἀλλ' ἐξ αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ εἶναι ζωὴ καὶ τὴν διαμονὴν ἔχει, δωρουμένη δὲ καὶ ἀνδράσι τὴν ὡς συμμίκτοις ἐνδεχομένην ἀγγελοειδῆ ζωὴν καὶ ὑπερβλύσει φιλανθρωπίας καὶ ἀποφοιτῶντας ἡμᾶς εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἐπιστρέφουσα καὶ ἀνακαλουμένη καὶ τὸ δὴ θειότερον ὅτι καὶ ὅλους ἡμᾶς, ψυχάς φημι καὶ τὰ συζυγῆ σώματα, πρὸς παντελῆ ζωὴν καὶ ἀθανασίαν ἐπήγγελται μεταθήσειν· πρᾶγμα τῇ παλαιότητι μὲν ἴσως παρὰ φύσιν δοκοῦν, ἐμοὶ δὲ καὶ σοὶ καὶ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καὶ θεῖον καὶ ὑπὲρ φύσιν. Ὑπὲρ φύσιν δὲ τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς φημι τὴν ὁρωμένην, οὐ τὴν πανσθενῆ τῆς θείας ζωῆς, αὐτῇ γὰρ ὡς πασῶν οὔσῃ τῶν ζωῶν φύσει καὶ μάλιστα τῶν θειοτέρων οὐδεμία ζωὴ παρὰ φύσιν ἢ ὑπὲρ φύσιν. Ὥστε οἱ περὶ τούτου τῆς παρανοίας Σίμωνος ἀντιῤῥητικοὶ λόγοι πόρρω θείου χοροῦ καὶ τῆς σῆς ἱερᾶς ψυχῆς ἀπεληλάσθωσαν. Ἔλαθε γὰρ αὐτόν, ὡς οἶμαι, καὶ ταῦτα σοφὸν οἰόμενον εἶναι τὸ μὴ δεῖν τὸν εὐφρονοῦντα τῷ προφανεῖ τῆς αἰσθήσεως λόγῳ συμμάχῳ χρῆσθαι κατὰ τῆς πάντων ἀφανοῦς αἰτίας. Καὶ τοῦτο ἔστι ῥητέον αὐτῷ τὸ παρὰ φύσιν εἰπεῖν, αὐτῇ γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐναντίον. <3> Ἐξ αὐτῆς ζωοῦται καὶ περιθάλπεται καὶ ζῷα πάντα καὶ φυτά. Καὶ εἴτε νοερὰν εἴποις εἴτε λογικὴν εἴτε αἰσθητικὴν εἴτε θρεπτικὴν καὶ αὐξητικὴν εἴτε ὁποίαν ποτὲ ζωὴν ἢ ζωῆς ἀρχὴν ἢ ζωῆς οὐσίαν, ἐξ αὐτῆς καὶ ζῇ καὶ ζωοῖ τῆς ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ζωὴν καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ κατ' αἰτίαν ἑνοειδῶς προϋφέστηκεν. Ἡ γὰρ ὑπέρζωος καὶ ζωαρχικὴ ζωὴ καὶ πάσης ζωῆς ἐστιν αἰτία καὶ ζωογόνος καὶ ἀποπληρωτικὴ καὶ διαιρετικὴ ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ πάσης ζωῆς ὑμνητέα κατὰ τὴν πολυγονίαν τῶν πασῶν ζωῶν ὡς παντοδαπὴ καὶ πᾶσα ζωὴ θεωρουμένη καὶ ὑμνουμένη καὶ ὡς ἀνενδεής, μᾶλλον δὲ ὑπερπλήρης ζωῆς, αὐτοζωὸς καὶ ὡς ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ζωὴν ζωοποιὸς καὶ ὑπέρζωος ἢ ὅπως ἄν τις τὴν ζωὴν τὴν ἄφθεγκτον ἀνθρωπικῶς ἀνυμνήσοι. <VII.> <1> Φέρε δέ, εἰ δοκεῖ, τὴν ἀγαθὴν καὶ αἰωνίαν ζωὴν καὶ ὡς σοφὴν καὶ ὡς αὐτοσοφίαν ὑμνῶμεν, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς πάσης σοφίας ὑποστατικὴν καὶ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν σοφίαν καὶ σύνεσιν ὑπεροῦσαν. Oὐ γὰρ μόνον ὁ θεὸς ὑπερπλήρης ἐστὶ σοφίας «καὶ τῆς συνέσεως αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός», ἀλλὰ καὶ παντὸς λόγου καὶ νοῦ καὶ σοφίας ὑπερίδρυται. Καὶ τοῦτο ὑπερφυῶς ἐννοήσας ὁ θεῖος ὄντως ἀνήρ, ὁ κοινὸς ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ καθηγεμόνος ἥλιος· «Τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ θεοῦ σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων» φησὶν οὐ μόνον, ὅτι πᾶσα ἀνθρωπίνη διάνοια πλάνη τίς ἐστι κρινομένη πρὸς τὸ σταθερὸν καὶ μόνιμον τῶν θείων καὶ τελειοτάτων νοήσεων, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ σύνηθές ἐστι τοῖς θεολόγοις ἀντιπεπονθότως ἐπὶ θεοῦ τὰ τῆς στερήσεως ἀποφάσκειν. Oὕτω καὶ «ἀόρατόν» φησι τὰ λόγια τὸ παμφαὲς φῶς καὶ τὸν πολυύμνητον καὶ πολυώνυμον ἄῤῥητον καὶ ἀνώνυμον καὶ τὸν πᾶσι παρόντα καὶ ἐκ πάντων εὑρισκόμενον ἀκατάληπτον καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστον. Τούτῳ δὴ τῷ τρόπῳ καὶ νῦν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος ὑμνῆσαι λέγεται μωρίαν θεοῦ τὸ φαινόμενον ἐν αὐτῇ παράλογον καὶ ἄτοπον εἰς τὴν ἄῤῥητον καὶ πρὸ λόγου παντὸς ἀναγαγὼν ἀλήθειαν. Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἐν ἄλλοις ἔφην, οἰκείως ἡμῖν τὰ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς παραλαμβάνοντες καὶ τῷ συντρόφῳ τῶν αἰσθήσεων ἐνιλλόμενοι καὶ τοῖς καθ' ἡμᾶς τὰ θεῖα παραβάλλοντες ἀπατώμεθα κατὰ τὸ φαινόμενον τὸν θεῖον καὶ ἀπόῤῥητον λόγον μεταδιώκοντες. ∆έον εἰδέναι τὸν καθ' ἡμᾶς νοῦν τὴν μὲν ἔχειν δύναμιν εἰς τὸ νοεῖν, δι' ἧς τὰ νοητὰ βλέπει, τὴν δὲ ἕνωσιν ὑπεραίρουσαν τὴν νοῦ φύσιν, δι' ἧς συνάπτεται πρὸς τὰ ἐπέκεινα ἑαυτοῦ. Κατὰ ταύτην οὖν τὰ θεῖα νοητέον οὐ καθ' ἡμᾶς, ἀλλ' ὅλους ἑαυτοὺς ὅλων ἑαυτῶν ἐξισταμένους καὶ ὅλους θεοῦ γιγνομένους, κρεῖττον γὰρ εἶναι θεοῦ καὶ μὴ ἑαυτῶν. Oὕτω γὰρ ἔσται τὰ θεῖα δοτὰ τοῖς μετὰ θεοῦ γινομένοις. Ταύτην οὖν τὴν ἄλογον καὶ ἄνουν καὶ μωρὰν σοφίαν ὑπεροχικῶς ὑμνοῦντες εἴπωμεν, ὅτι παντός ἐστι νοῦ καὶ λόγου καὶ πάσης σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως αἰτία καὶ αὐτῆς ἐστι πᾶσα βουλὴ καὶ παρ' αὐτῆς πᾶσα γνῶσις καὶ σύνεσις καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ «πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεώς» εἰσιν «ἀπόκρυφοι». Καὶ γὰρ ἑπομένως τοῖς ἤδη προειρημένοις ἡ ὑπέρσοφος καὶ πάνσοφος αἰτία