HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, these things which seem to be near the teaching of the prophets. They say that she came from Babylon, being the daughter of Berossus who wrote the Chaldean history, and having crossed over I know not how to the region of Campania, she uttered her oracles there in a certain city called Cumae, six miles distant from Baiae, where the hot springs of Campania happen to be. And having been in the city we saw a certain place, in which we recognized a very great basilica hewn out of a single stone, a very great work and worthy of all wonder, where those who had received the traditions from their ancestors said she delivered her oracles. And in the middle of the basilica they showed us three cisterns hewn from the same stone, and they said that when these were filled with water she would bathe in them, and putting on a robe would walk into the innermost chamber of the basilica, hewn from the same stone, and sitting in the middle of the chamber on a high platform and throne, she would thus utter her oracles. Many other writers mention this Sibyl as an oracle-giver, and Plato too in the Phaedrus. And it seems to me that Plato, having encountered her oracles, deified the oracle-givers; for he saw the things long ago foretold by her fulfilled in deeds. And for this reason, in admiration, in his discourse to Meno, praising the oracle-givers in these very words, he wrote thus: Rightly then would we call them divine, whom we now call oracle-givers; not least would we say that these are both divine and inspired, being breathed upon and possessed by the god, when they successfully speak many and great things, knowing nothing of what they say; clearly and manifestly referring to the oracles of the Sibyl. For she, not like the poets even after writing their poems, had the power to correct and polish them, especially for the sake of metrical accuracy, but in the moment of inspiration she fulfilled her prophecy, and when the inspiration ceased, the memory of what had been said also ceased. This then is the reason that not all the measures of the Sibyl's verses are preserved. For we ourselves, having been in the city, learned from the guides, who also showed us the places where she prophesied, and a certain urn made of bronze, in which they said her remains were kept. And they said, among all the things they recounted, this also, which they had heard from their ancestors, that those who transcribed the oracles at that time, being uneducated, often erred in metrical accuracy; and they said this was the cause of the lack of meter in some verses, since the prophetess did not remember what she had said because her possession and inspiration had ceased, and the scribes, through lack of education, had fallen away from metrical accuracy. For this reason, therefore, Plato

Ἔσται δὲ ὑμῖν ·ᾳδίως τὴν ὀρθὴν θεοσέβειαν ἐκ μέ ρους παρὰ τῆς παλαιᾶς Σιβύλλης, ἔκ τινος δυνατῆς ἐπι πνοίας διὰ χρησμῶν ὑμᾶς διδασκούσης, μανθάνειν, ταῦθ' ἅπερ ἐγγὺς εἶναι δοκεῖ τῆς τῶν προφητῶν διδασκαλίας. Ταύ την δὲ ἐκ μὲν Βαβυλῶνος ὡρμῆσθαί φασι, Βηρώσσου τοῦ τὴν Χαλδαϊκὴν ἱστορίαν γράψαντος θυγατέρα οὖσαν, εἰς δὲ τὰ μέρη τῆς Καμπανίας οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως διαβᾶσαν ἐκεῖ τοὺς χρη σμοὺς ἐξαγορεύειν ἔν τινι Κουμᾷ οὕτω καλουμένῃ πόλει, ἓξ σημείοις διεστώσῃ Βαΐων, ἔνθα τὰ θερμὰ τῆς Καμπανίας εἶ ναι συμβαίνει. Ἐθεασάμεθα δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει γενόμενοι καί τινα τόπον, ἐν ᾧ βασιλικὴν μεγίστην ἐξ ἑνὸς ἐξεσμένην λίθου ἔγνωμεν, πρᾶγμα μέγιστον καὶ παντὸς θαύματος ἄξιον, ἔνθα τοὺς χρησμοὺς αὐτὴν ἀπαγγέλλειν οἱ ὡς τὰ πάτρια παρειλη φότες παρὰ τῶν ἑαυτῶν προγόνων ἔφασκον. Ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐπεδείκνυον ἡμῖν τρεῖς δεξαμενὰς ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐξεσμένας λίθου, ὧν πληρουμένων ὕδατος λούεσθαι αὐτὴν ἐν αὐταῖς ἔλεγον, καὶ στολὴν ἀναλαμβάνουσαν εἰς τὸν ἐνδότατον τῆς βασιλικῆς βαδίζειν οἶκον ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐξεσμένον λίθου, καὶ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ οἴκῳ καθεζομένην ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ βήματος καὶ θρόνου οὕτω τοὺς χρησμοὺς ἐξαγορεύειν. Ταύτης δὲ τῆς Σι βύλλης ὡς χρησμῳδοῦ πολλοὶ μὲν καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν συγγραφέων μέμνηνται, καὶ Πλάτων δὲ ἐν τῷ Φαίδρῳ. ∆οκεῖ δέ μοι τοῖς ταύτης χρησμοῖς ἐντυχὼν ὁ Πλάτων τοὺς χρησμῳδοὺς ἐκ θειάζειν· ἑώρα γὰρ τὰ ὑπ' αὐτῆς πάλαι προειρημένα ἔργοις πληρούμενα. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θαυμάσας ἐν τῷ πρὸς Μένωνα λόγῳ αὐταῖς λέξεσιν ἐπαινῶν τοὺς χρησμῳδοὺς οὕτως γέγρα φεν· Ὀρθῶς ἄρα ἂν καλοῖμεν θείους αὐτούς, οὓς δὴ νῦν λέ γομεν χρησμῳδούς· οὐχ ἥκιστα φαῖμεν ἂν τούτους τε θείους εἶναι καὶ ἐνθουσιάζειν, ἐπίπνους ὄντας καὶ κατεχομένους ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅταν κατορθῶσι λέγοντες πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πράγ ματα, μηδὲν εἰδότες ὧν λέγουσι· σαφῶς καὶ φανερῶς εἰς τοὺς Σιβύλλης ἀφορῶν χρησμούς. Aὕτη γὰρ οὐχ, ὥσπερ οἱ ποιηταὶ καὶ μετὰ τὸ γράψαι τὰ ποιήματα, εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν διορθοῦσθαι καὶ ἐπιξέειν μάλιστα διὰ τὴν τῶν μέτρων ἀκρίβειαν, ἀλλ' ἐν μὲν τῷ τῆς ἐπιπνοίας καιρῷ τὰ τῆς προφητείας ἐπλήρου, παυ σαμένης δὲ τῆς ἐπιπνοίας ἐπέπαυτο καὶ ἡ τῶν εἰρημένων μνήμη. Τοῦτ' οὖν αἴτιον τοῦ μὴ πάντα τὰ μέτρα τῶν ἐπῶν τῆς Σιβύλλης σώζεσθαι. Aὐτοὶ γὰρ ἐν τῇ πόλει γενόμενοι παρὰ τῶν περιηγητῶν μεμαθήκαμεν, τῶν καὶ τοὺς τόπους ἡμῖν, ἐν οἷς ἐχρησμῴδει, ὑποδειξάντων καὶ φακόν τινα ἐκ χαλκοῦ κατεσκευασμένον, ἐν ᾧ τὰ λείψανα αὐτῆς σώζεσθαι ἔλεγον. Ἔφασκον δὲ μετὰ πάντων ὧν διηγοῦντο καὶ τοῦτο ὡς παρὰ τῶν προγόνων ἀκηκοότες, ὅτι οἱ ἐκλαμβάνοντες τοὺς χρησμοὺς τηνικαῦτα, ἐκτὸς παιδεύσεως ὄντες, πολλαχοῦ τῆς τῶν μέτρων ἀκριβείας διήμαρτον· καὶ ταύτην ἔλεγον αἰτίαν εἶναι τῆς ἐνίων ἐπῶν ἀμετρίας, τῆς μὲν χρησμῳδοῦ διὰ τὸ πεπαῦσθαι τῆς κατοχῆς καὶ τῆς ἐπιπνοίας μὴ μεμνημένης τῶν εἰρημένων, τῶν δὲ ὑπογραφέων δι' ἀπαιδευσίαν τῆς τῶν μέ τρων ἀκριβείας ἐκπεπτωκότων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο τοίνυν τὸν Πλά