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where will he lie who overlooks what is greater and more necessary? 3. Come then, let us consider the magnitude of our sin, and ascending little by little, let us show that the neglect of children is beyond all sins, and reaches to the very summit of wickedness. The first degree of evil and wickedness and cruelty, therefore, is to overlook friends; or rather, let us bring the argument lower; for I know not how it nearly escaped me, that the former law, the one given to the Jews, does not permit even the beasts of burden of enemies to be overlooked, neither those that have fallen, nor those that are wandering, but commands to guide the one, and to help raise the other. Therefore, the first degree of evil and cruelty, ascending from below, is to pass by the cattle and flocks of enemies when they are suffering harm; a second and higher one after that, is to neglect enemies; for by as much as a man is more precious than an irrational animal, by so much is this sin greater than that; a third after this, to despise brethren, even if they happen to be unknown; a fourth, to overlook one's own kin; a fifth, when we despise not only their body, but also their perishing soul; a sixth, when we neglect not our kin, but our children being corrupted; a seventh, when we do not even seek others to care for them; an eighth, when we also hinder and prevent those who wish to do this of their own accord; a ninth, when we not only hinder, but also make war. So that if for the first and the second and the 47.352 third degree of this wickedness so great a punishment follows, for the one who has ascended all these, that is, for your case, how much fire will follow for the one who happens to be ninth after that? Or rather, one would not err in calling this not only the ninth, nor the tenth, but even the eleventh. Why so? Because the sin is not only much greater in its nature than those previously enumerated, but also more grievous on account of the time. And what is this "on account of the time"? Because for us who sin the same things now as those under the law, not the same torments are reserved, but much more grievous ones, inasmuch as we have enjoyed a greater gift, and have partaken of more perfect teaching, and have been honored with greater honor. When therefore this sin becomes so vehement both in its nature and in its time, consider how great a flame it will bring upon the head of those who dare it. And that I am not simply reasoning these things, I will also show from the event itself that this has happened, so that you may know that, even if all our own affairs are well-ordered for us, yet if we neglect the salvation of our children, we will pay the ultimate penalty. And I will tell you a story not my own, but lying in the divine Scriptures; There was a certain priest among the Jews, a moderate and reasonable man, whose name was Eli. This Eli became the father of two sons; and seeing them walking towards wickedness, he did not restrain nor hinder them; or rather, he did restrain and hinder them, but he did not do this with all earnestness. And the crimes of these sons were fornication and gluttony. For they ate, it says, the sacred meats before they were consecrated and the sacrifice was offered to God. And the father, hearing these things, did not impose a punishment, but by word and exhortation tried to lead them away from this wickedness, and continually said such words to them: Do not, my children, do so, for the report which I hear about you is not good, of causing the people not to serve the Lord. If a man sins against another man, they will pray to the Lord for him; but if a man sins against the Lord, who will pray for him? And yet the weight of the words is great, and the shame, and sufficient to reclaim one who has sense; for it both magnified the sin, and showed it to be fearful, and declared the impending penalty to be unbearable and dreadful; but nevertheless, because he did not show all the severity that was necessary, he himself also perished with them. For it was necessary to add threats, and to put them out of his sight, and to inflict scourges, and to become much more severe and harsh. Since therefore he did none of these things,

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ποῦ κείσεται ὁ τὸ μεῖζον καὶ ἀναγκαιότερον παρορῶν; γʹ. Φέρε οὖν συλλογισώμεθα λοιπὸν τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν τὸ μέγεθος, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν ἀναβαίνοντες, δείξωμεν ὅτι πάντων ἐπέκεινα τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐστὶν ἡ περὶ τοὺς παῖδας ὀλιγωρία, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν ἥκει τῆς πονηρίας τὴν κορυφήν. Ἔστι τοίνυν πρῶτος κακίας καὶ πονηρίας βαθμὸς καὶ ὠμότητος τὸ τοὺς φίλους περιορᾷν· μᾶλλον δὲ κατωτέρω τὸν λόγον ἀγάγωμεν· τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως μικροῦ δεῖν με παρέλαθεν, ὅτι ὁ πρότερος νόμος, ὁ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις δοθεὶς, οὐδὲ τὰ ὑποζύγια τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀφίησι παρορᾷν, οὔτε πεπτωκότα, οὔτε πλανώμενα, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ὁδηγῆσαι, τὰ δὲ συνδιαναστῆσαι κελεύει. Ἔστιν οὖν πρῶτος μὲν κάτωθεν ἀναβαίνων κακίας καὶ ὠμότητος βαθμὸς, τὸ τὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν κτήνη καὶ θρέμματα κακῶς πάσχοντα παρατρέχειν· δεύτερος δὲ μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἀνώτερος, τὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀμελεῖν· ὅσῳ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἀλόγου τιμιώτερος, τοσούτῳ μείζων ἐκείνης αὕτη ἡ ἁμαρτία· τρίτος δὲ μετὰ τοῦτον, τὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν καταφρονεῖν, κἂν ἀγνῶτες ὄντες τυγχάνωσι· τέταρτος, τὸ τοὺς οἰκείους περιορᾷν· πέμπτος, ὅταν μὴ σώματος αὐτοῖς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπολλυμένης καταφρονῶμεν· ἕκτος, ὅταν μὴ τῶν οἰκείων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν παίδων ἡμῖν διαφθειρομένων ὀλιγωρῶμεν· ἕβδομος, ὅταν μηδὲ ἑτέρους τοὺς ἐπιμελομένους ζητῶμεν· ὄγδοος, ὅταν καὶ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν τοῦτο βουλομένους ποιεῖν κωλύωμεν καὶ ἀπείργωμεν· ἔννατος, ὅταν μὴ κωλύωμεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολεμῶμεν. Ὥστε εἰ τῷ πρώτῳ καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ τῷ 47.352 τρίτῳ τῆς κακίας ταύτης βαθμῷ τοσαύτη κόλασις ἕπεται, τῷ πάντας ἀναβεβηκότι τούτους, τούτῳ δὴ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ, πόσον ἔψεται πῦρ ἐννάτῳ μετ' ἐκεῖνον τυγχάνοντι; μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἔννατον μόνον, οὐδὲ δέκατον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑνδέκατον οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι τοῦτον προσειπών. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι οὐ τῇ φύσει πολλῷ μεῖζον τὸ ἁμάρτημα τῶν προηριθμημένων ἐστὶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου χαλεπώτερον. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου; Ὅτι τὰ αὐτὰ ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἡμῖν νῦν τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ κείσεται βασανιστήρια, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα, ὅσῳ καὶ μείζονος ἀπηλαύσαμεν δωρεᾶς, καὶ τελειοτέρας διδασκαλίας μετέσχομεν, καὶ πλείονι τετιμήμεθα τιμῇ. Ὅταν οὖν καὶ τῇ φύσει, καὶ τῷ χρόνῳ σφοδρὸν οὕτω τὸ ἁμάρτημα γίνηται τοῦτο, ἐννόησον ὅσην οἴσει τὴν φλόγα ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν τολμώντων αὐτὸ κεφαλήν. Καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς ταῦτα συλλογίζομαι, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ πράγματος ἐπιδείξω τοῦτο συμβὰν, ἵν' εἰδῆτε ὅτι, κἂν τὰ ἡμέτερα ἡμῖν ἅπαντα ᾖ διῳκημένα, τῆς γοῦν τῶν παίδων ἀμελοῦντες σωτηρίας, τὴν ἐσχάτην τίσομεν δίκην. Ἐρῶ δὲ ὑμῖν τινα λόγον οὐκ ἐμὸν, ἀλλ' ἐν ταῖς θείαις κείμενον Γραφαῖς· Ἱερεύς τις ἦν παρὰ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, μέτριος ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἐπιεικὴς, Ἠλεὶ τούτῳ ὄνομα ἦν. Οὗτος ὁ Ἠλεὶ γίνεται δύο παίδων πατήρ· καὶ ὁρῶν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ κακίαν βαδίζοντας οὐ κατεῖχεν οὐδὲ ἐκώλυε· μᾶλλον δὲ κατεῖχε μὲν καὶ ἐκώλυε, οὐ μετὰ πάσης δὲ τοῦτο ἐποίει σπουδῆς. Τὰ ἐγκλήματα δὲ τῶν παίδων τούτων ἦν πορνεία τε καὶ γαστριμαργία. Ἤσθιον γὰρ, φησὶ, πρὸ τοῦ καθαγιασθῆναι τὰ κρέα τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ τὴν θυσίαν ἀνενεχθῆναι τῷ Θεῷ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀκούων ὁ πατὴρ, τιμωρίαν μὲν οὐκ ἐπέθηκε, λόγῳ δὲ καὶ παραινέσει ἐπειρᾶτο τῆς πονηρίας ταύτης ἀπάγειν αὐτοὺς, καὶ τοιαῦτα συνεχῶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔλεγε ῥήματα· Μὴ τέκνα, μὴ ποιεῖτε οὕτως, ὅτι οὐκ ἀγαθὴ ἡ ἀκοὴ, ἣν ἐγὼ ἀκούω περὶ ὑμῶν τοῦ ποιεῖν τὸν λαὸν μὴ λατρεύειν τῷ Κυρίῳ. Ἐὰν ἁμαρτὼν ἁμάρτῃ ἀνὴρ εἰς ἄνδρα, προσεύξονται περὶ αὐτοῦ πρὸς Κύριον· ἐὰν δὲ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἁμάρτῃ ἄνθρωπος, τίς προσεύξεται περὶ αὐτοῦ; Καίτοι πολλὴ ἡ τῶν ῥημάτων βαρύτης, καὶ ἡ ἐντροπὴ, καὶ τὸν νοῦν ἕχοντα ἱκανὴ ἀνακτήσασθαι· τό τε γὰρ ἁμάρτημα ἐπῆρε, καὶ φοβερὸν ἔδειξε, τήν τε ἐπικειμένην δίκην ἀφόρητον ἀπέφηνε καὶ φρικτήν· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπειδὴ μὴ πᾶν ὅσον ἐχρῆν ἐπεδείξατο, καὶ αὐτὸς μετ' ἐκείνων ἀπώλετο. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπειλὰς προσθεῖναι ἐχρῆν, καὶ ἐξ ὄψεως ποιῆσαι τῆς ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ μάστιγας ἐπιθεῖναι, καὶ βαρύτερον πολλῷ γενέσθαι καὶ χαλεπώτερον. Ἐπειδὴ οὖν τούτων οὐδὲν ἐποίησεν,