John Chrysostom, On Priesthood

is it for them to bring charges, when they have nothing else, and that one ought not to be brought to this honor all at once, but gently and little by little; and as many other accusations as they might wish, they would be able to find. But I would gladly ask you at this point, what then must the bishop do, fighting against so many spirits? How will he stand against so many waves? How will he repel all these assaults? For if he handles the matter with right reason, they all become enemies and adversaries both to him and to those who have been chosen, and they do everything for the sake of their contentiousness, stirring up factions every day and heaping countless jests upon those chosen, until they either cast them out or bring in their own people, and it becomes something like a ship's captain having pirates sailing with him inside his sailing ship, constantly and every hour plotting against him and his sailors and his passengers. But if he prefers favor with them to his own salvation, accepting those he ought not, he will have God as an enemy instead of them, than which what could be more grievous? And his relations with them will be more difficult than before, as they all cooperate with one another and become even stronger; for just as when wild winds from opposite directions clash, the hitherto quiet sea suddenly rages and crests and destroys those who sail upon it, so also the calm of the Church, having received corrupt men, is filled with squalls and many shipwrecks. Consider, therefore, what sort of man he must be who is to withstand so great a storm and properly manage so many obstacles to the common good. For he must be dignified and without pride, awe-inspiring and approachable, masterful and sociable, incorruptible and attentive, humble and independent, vehement and gentle, so that he may be able to fight easily against all these things and to bring forward the suitable man with much authority, even if all oppose, and with the same authority to reject the unsuitable, even if all conspire, but to look to one thing only, the building up of the church, and to do nothing out of enmity or favor. Does it seem to you that we have reasonably declined the ministry of this affair? And yet I have not gone through everything for you; for I have other things to say. But do not grow weary of bearing with a true and genuine friend who wishes to persuade you concerning the things you accuse me of; for these things are not only useful for our defense to you, but will perhaps also contribute no small profit to the administration of the matter itself. For it is necessary for one who is about to enter upon this way of life to first investigate everything well, and thus to take up the ministry. Why so? Because, if nothing else, at least he will not be taken by surprise when these things befall him, having known everything clearly beforehand.

3.12 12. Concerning widows. Do you wish then that we go first to the care of the widows, or the guardianship of the virgins, or the difficulty of the judicial department?

For in each of these, the care is different, and the fear is greater than the care. And first, so that we may make our beginning from what seems to be the most trivial of the others, the care of widows seems to provide concern for those who oversee them only as far as the expenditure of money; but this is not so, but even here much scrutiny is needed when they must be enrolled, since enrolling them simply and at random has wrought countless evils. For they have corrupted households and broken up marriages, and have often been caught in thefts and retail trading and other such unseemly behaviors. And to feed such women from the funds of the Church brings both punishment from God and the utmost condemnation from men, and it makes those who wish to do good more hesitant. For who would ever choose, what was commanded for Christ

ὄντων ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς αἰτιᾶσθαι, ὅταν μηδὲν ἔχωσιν ἕτερον, καὶ τὸ μὴ δεῖν ἀθρόως εἰς ταύτην ἄγεσθαι τὴν τιμήν, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα καὶ κατὰ μικρόν· καὶ ἑτέρας ὅσας ἂν βούλωνται δύναιντ' ἂν αἰτίας εὑρεῖν. Ἐγὼ δέ σε ἡδέως ἐνταῦθα ἐρήσομαι τί οὖν δεῖ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ποιεῖν τοσούτοις μαχόμενον πνεύμασι; πῶς πρὸς τοσαῦτα στήσεται κύματα; πῶς πάσας ταύτας ἀπώσεται τὰς προσβολάς; Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ὀρθῷ λογισμῷ τὸ πρᾶγμα διαθῇ, ἐχθροὶ καὶ πολέμιοι καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσιν ἅπαντες καὶ πρὸς φιλονεικίαν τὴν ἐκείνου ἅπαντα πράττουσιν, στάσεις καθ' ἑκάστην ἐμβάλλοντες τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ σκώμματα μυρία τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσιν ἐπιτιθέντες, ἕως ἂν ἢ τούτους ἐκβάλωσιν ἢ τοὺς αὑτῶν εἰσαγάγωσιν, καὶ γίνεται παραπλήσιον οἷον ἂν εἴ τις κυβερνήτης ἔνδον ἐν τῇ νηῒ τῇ πλεούσῃ πειρατὰς ἔχοι συμπλέοντας καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς ναύταις καὶ τοῖς ἐπιβάταις συνεχῶς καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἐπιβουλεύοντας ὥραν. Ἂν δὲ τὴν πρὸς ἐκείνους χάριν προτιμήσῃ τῆς αὑτοῦ σωτηρίας, δεξάμενος οὓς οὐκ ἔδει, ἕξει μὲν τὸν Θεὸν ἀντ' ἐκείνων ἐχθρόν, οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν χαλεπώτερον; Καὶ τὰ πρὸς ἐκείνους δὲ αὐτῷ δυσκολώτερον ἢ πρότερον διακείσεται, πάντων συμπραττόντων ἀλλήλοις καὶ τούτων μᾶλλον ἰσχυρῶν γινομένων· ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀγρίων ἀνέμων ἐξ ἐναντίας προσπεσόντων ἀλλήλοις, τὸ τέως ἡσυχάζον πέλαγος μαίνεται ἐξαίφνης καὶ κορυφοῦται καὶ τοὺς ἐμπλέοντας ἀπόλλυσιν, οὕτω καὶ ἡ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας γαλήνη, δεξαμένη φθόρους ἀνθρώπους, ζάλης καὶ ναυαγίων πληροῦται πολλῶν. Ἐννόησον οὖν ὁποῖόν τινα εἶναι χρὴ τὸν πρὸς τοσοῦτον μέλλοντα ἀνθέξειν χειμῶνα καὶ τοσαῦτα κωλύματα τῶν κοινῇ συμφερόντων διαθήσειν καλῶς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ σεμνὸν καὶ ἄτυφον καὶ φοβερὸν καὶ προσηνῆ καὶ ἀρχικὸν καὶ κοινωνικὸν καὶ ἀδέκαστον καὶ θεραπευτικὸν καὶ ταπεινὸν καὶ ἀδούλωτον καὶ σφοδρὸν καὶ ἥμερον εἶναι δεῖ, ἵνα πρὸς ἅπαντα ταῦτα εὐκόλως μάχεσθαι δύνηται καὶ τὸν ἐπιτήδειον μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐξουσίας, κἂν ἅπαντες ἀντιπίπτωσι, παράγειν καὶ τὸν οὐ τοιοῦτον μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐξουσίας, κἂν ἅπαντες συμπνέωσι, μὴ προσίεσθαι, ἀλλ' εἰς ἓν μόνον ὁρᾶν, τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν οἰκοδομὴν καὶ μηδὲν πρὸς ἀπέχθειαν ἢ χάριν ποιεῖν. Ἆρά σοι δοκοῦμεν εἰκότως παρῃτῆσθαι τοῦ πράγματος τούτου τὴν διακονίαν; Καίτοι γε οὔπω πάντα διῆλθον πρὸς σέ· ἔχω γὰρ καὶ ἕτερα λέγειν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ ἀποκάμῃς ἀνδρὸς φίλου καὶ γνησίου βουλομένου σε πείθειν ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐγκαλεῖς ἀνεχόμενος· οὐδὲ γὰρ πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν σοι τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ταῦτα χρήσιμά ἐστι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν τοῦ πράγματος τὴν διοίκησιν τάχα οὐ μικρὸν συμβαλεῖται κέρδος. Καὶ γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον τὸν μέλλοντα ἐπὶ ταύτην ἔρχεσθαι τοῦ βίου τὴν ὁδὸν πρότερον ἅπαντα διερευνησάμενον καλῶς, οὕτως ἅψασθαι τῆς διακονίας. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο τὸ γοῦν μὴ ξενοπαθεῖν, ἡνίκα ἂν ταῦτα προσπίπτῃ, περιέσται τῷ πάντα εἰδότι σαφῶς.

3.12 ιβʹ. Περὶ χηρῶν Βούλει οὖν ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν χηρῶν προστασίαν ἴωμεν πρότερον ἢ τὴν τῶν παρθένων κηδεμονίαν ἢ τοῦ δικαστικοῦ μέρους τὴν δυσχέρειαν; Καὶ γὰρ ἐφ' ἑκάστου τούτων διάφορος ἡ φροντὶς καὶ τῆς φροντίδος μείζων ὁ φόβος. Καὶ πρῶτον, ἵνα ἀπὸ τοῦ τῶν ἄλλων εὐτελεστέρου δοκοῦντος εἶναι ποιησώμεθα τὴν ἀρχήν, ἡ τῶν χηρῶν θεραπεία δοκεῖ μὲν μέχρι τῆς τῶν χρημάτων δαπάνης τοῖς ἐπιμελουμένοις αὐτῶν παρέχειν φροντίδα· τὸ δὲ οὐ τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ πολλῆς δεῖται κἀνταῦθα τῆς ἐξετάσεως, ὅταν αὐτὰς καταλέγειν δέῃ, ὡς τό γε ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν αὐτὰς ἐγγράφεσθαι μυρία εἰργάσατο δεινά. Καὶ γὰρ οἴκους διέφθειραν καὶ διέσπασαν γάμους καὶ ἐπὶ κλοπαῖς πολλάκις καὶ καπηλείαις καὶ ἑτέροις τοιούτοις ἀσχημονοῦσαι ἑάλωσαν. Τὸ δὲ τὰς τοιαύτας ἀπὸ τῶν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τρέφεσθαι χρημάτων καὶ παρὰ Θεοῦ τιμωρίαν καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων φέρει τὴν ἐσχάτην κατάγνωσιν καὶ τοὺς εὖ ποιεῖν βουλομένους ὀκνηροτέρους καθίστησι. Τίς γὰρ ἂν ἕλοιτό ποτε, ἃ τῷ Χριστῷ προσετάχθη