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eradicating, I mean, wickedness, envy, vainglory and all the other things that follow with these; not only this, but also like some flame running around, it gradually makes them disappear, burning them up hour by hour like thorns and consuming them with fire; which also first of all creates a longing for complete freedom from and purification of these things, and then for the good things laid up and prepared by God for those who love him.

(75) But all these things the divine fire of compunction accomplishes with tears, or rather through tears; but without tears, as we said, not one of these things has ever happened or will happen, either in ourselves or in any others. For neither will anyone prove this from the divine Scriptures, that any man was ever purified without tears and continuous compunction, or became a saint, or received the Holy Spirit, or saw God, or knew Him tabernacling within himself, or ever had Him as an indweller in his heart, without the preceding repentance and compunction and continuous tears ever gushing forth as from a spring, which, that is, flood and wash out the house of the soul, and bedewing and refreshing it, the soul which is possessed and consumed by the unapproachable fire.

Those therefore who say it is not possible to mourn and weep every night and day, testify that they themselves are naked of all virtue. For if our holy fathers, having thus declared, say: "He who wishes to cut off the passions, cuts them off with weeping, and he who wishes to acquire virtues, acquires them with weeping," it is very clear that he who does not weep every day neither cuts off the passions nor achieves the virtues, even if, as he thinks, he seems to pursue them all. For what good, tell me, are the tools of the craft without the craftsman present, who knows how to handle the material and make of it a suitable vessel? And what does it profit a gardener, if he cultivates the whole garden and sows and plants every kind of vegetable in it, but no rain comes down from above upon them or if there is no irrigation of water for him? Absolutely nothing. So also he who pursues the other virtues (76) and toils in them will profit nothing without this holy and blessed lady and creator of all the virtues.

For just as a king without the army under him becomes weak and an easy prey to all and does not even appear to be a king, but is as one of the other men, and likewise the troops and camps of the multitude without their king or commander-in-chief are easily scattered and annihilated by their opponents, so you should consider mourning to be in relation to the other virtues. For understand that all the introductory virtues are an army gathered together in one place, and that blessed mourning and weeping are their king and commander, by whom the whole army is set in order and drawn up for battle, being made eager, anointed, strengthened, taught both to take up weapons and where it is necessary and how and when and what kind, and against what sort and quality of opponent, being well regulated according to the right time and seasons; and mourning itself, I say, clearly arranges what scouts to send and what kind of guards to post, and what and to whom one should speak with those sent by the opponents—for it is possible even by conversation alone to rout them all, and sometimes even by not receiving them for a meeting—, and how also to set ambushes against them and squadrons, or rather hidden positions, and when and which of the army to send out for this and in what places; but without this, the whole people of the virtues is an easy prey.

And for this reason, before all things and with all things, let our task, brothers, be repentance and the weeping joined to it; and the tears that follow weeping; for there is neither weeping without repentance, (77) nor tears without weeping, but these three are bound to one another, and it is not possible for one to appear without the other. Let no one therefore say that it is impossible to weep every day; for he who says this

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ἐξανασπῶν, φημί δή πονηρίαν, φθόνον, κενοδοξίαν καί τἆλλα πάντα ἅ τούτοις συνέπεται· οὐ μόνον δε ἀλλά καί ὥσπερ τις φλόξα περιτρέχουσα κατ᾿ ὀλίγον ἐξαφανίζει ἐκκαίουσα καθ᾿ ὥραν ὡς ἀκάνθας αὐτάς καί καταφλέγουσα· ἥτις καί πρῶτον μέν πόθον ἐμποιεῖ τῆς τελείας τούτων ἐλευθερίας τε καί καθάρσεως, ἔπειτα καί τῶν ἀποκειμένων καί ἡτοιμασμένων παρά Θεοῦ ἀγαθῶν τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι αὐτόν.

(75) Ταῦτα δέ πάντα μετά δακρύων, μᾶλλον δέ διά τῶν δακρύων, τό τῆς κατανύξεως θεῖον πῦρ ἀπεργάζεται· ἄνευ δέ δακρύων, ὡς ἔφαμεν, οὐδέ ἕν τούτων ἤ ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς ἤ ἔν τισιν ἑτέροις γέγονέ ποτε ἤ γενήσεται. Οὐδέ γάρ ἀπό τῶν θείων Γραφῶν ἀποδείξει τοῦτό τις, ὅτι δακρύων δίχα καί κατανύξεως διηνεκοῦς ἐκαθάρθη τις ἀνθρώπων ποτέ ἤ ἅγιος γέγονεν ἤ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἔλαβεν ἤ τόν Θεόν ἐθεάσατο ἤ σκηνώσαντα ἔνδον αὐτοῦ ἔγνωκεν ἤ ὅλως τοῦτον ἔσχε ποτέ ἔνοικον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, μή προηγησαμένης μετανοίας καί κατανύξεως καί ὡς ἀπό πηγῆς ἀεί βρυόντων δακρύων διηνεκῶν, τῶν κατακλυζόντων δηλονότι καί τήν τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκπλυνόντων οἰκίαν, καί αὐτήν καταδροσιζόντων καί ἀναψυχόντων τήν ὑπό τοῦ ἀπροσίτου πυρός κατεχομένην καί καταφλεγομένην ψυχήν.

Οἱ οὖν λέγοντες μή εἶναι δυνατόν καθ᾿ ἑκάστην νύκτα καί ἡμέραν πενθεῖν καί κλαίειν, ἑαυτούς πάσης ἀρετῆς γυμνούς εἶναι διαμαρτύρονται. Εἰ γάρ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οἱ ἅγιοι οὕτως ἀποφηνάμενοι λέγουσι· "Ὁ θέλων κόψαι πάθη, κλαυθμῷ κόπτει αὐτά καί ὁ θέλων κτήσασθαι ἀρετάς, κλαυθμῷ κτᾶται αὐτάς", εὔδηλον ὅτι ὁ μή κλαίων καθ᾿ ἑκάστην, οὔτε τά πάθη κόπτει οὔτε τάς ἀρετάς κατορθοῖ, κἄν, ὡς οἴεται, δοκῇ πάσας μετέρχεσθαι. Τί γάρ ὠφελοῦσιν, εἰπέ μοι, τά ἐργαλεῖα τῆς τέχνης τοῦ τεχνίτου μή παρόντος, τοῦ τήν ὕλην εἰδότος μεταχειρίσασθαι καί ταύτην ποιῆσαι σκεῦος ἁρμόδιον; Τί δέ τόν κηπουρόν ὀνίσησιν, ἐάν ὅλον μέν τόν κῆπον ἐργάσηται καί λαχάνου πᾶν γένος σπείρῃ τε καί φυτεύσῃ ἐν αὐτῷ, μή κατέλθῃ δέ ὑετός ἄνωθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς ἤ μή οὔσης ἀρδείας αὐτῷ ὕδατος; Πάντως οὐδέν. Οὕτως οὐδέ ὁ τάς ἄλλας ἀρετάς (76) μετερχόμενος καί κοπιῶν ἐν αὐταῖς ὀνήσεταί τι χωρίς ταύτης τῆς ἁγίας καί μακαρίας δεσποίνης καί δημιουργοῦ πασῶν τῶν ἀρετῶν.

Ὥσπερ γάρ βασιλεύς δίχα τοῦ ὑπ᾿ αὐτόν στρατεύματος ἀσθενής καί εὐχείρωτος τοῖς πᾶσι γίνεται καί οὐδέ βασιλεύς φαίνεται, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς εἷς τῶν λοιπῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, ὡσαύτως δέ καί τά τοῦ πλήθους στρατεύματα καί στρατόπεδα δίχα βασιλέως ἤ τοῦ ἀρχιστρατήγου αὐτῶν εὐχερῶς διασκορπίζονται καί ὑπό τῶν ἀντιπάλων ἐξαφανίζονται, οὕτως λόγισαι εἶναι τό πένθος πρός τάς λοιπάς ἀρετάς. Στρατόπεδον μέν γάρ ἐπί τό αὐτό συναγόμενον ἁπάσας νόει μοι εἶναι τάς τῶν εἰσαγωγικῶν ἀρετάς, βασιλέα δέ τούτων καί στρατηγάρχην τό μακάριον πένθος καί τόν κλαυθμόν, δι᾿ οὖ ἐπί παράταξιν ἅπαν διατίθεται καί παρατάσσεται τό στρατόπεδον, προθυμοποιούμενον, ἀλειφόμενον, ἐνισχυόμενον, διδασκόμενον, ὅπλα τε αἵρειν καί ὅπῃ δεῖ καί πῶς καί πότε καί ποταπά καί ἐπί ποίῳ καί ποταπῷ τῷ ἀντιπάλῳ κατά καιρόν καί καιρούς καλῶς ὁριζόμενον, τίνας τε πέμπειν σκοπούς καί ὁποίους ἱστᾷν φύλακας καί τί τοῖς ἀπό τῶν ἀντιπάλων πεμπομένοις προσδιαλέγεσθαι χρή καί ποίοις ἔστι γάρ καί ἀπό μόνης ὁμιλίας τρέψαι πάντας αὐτούς, ἐνίοτε δέ καί ἐκ τοῦ μηδέ εἰς συντυχίαν αὐτούς προσδέξασθαι , πῶς δέ καί ἐνέδρας κατ᾿ αὐτῶν καί λόγους εἴτουν ἐγκρύμματα, καί πότε καί ποίους τοῦ στρατοπέδου εἰς τοῦτο ἐκπέμψαι καί ἐν ποίοις τόποις, αὐτό δή τό πένθος, λέγω, σαφῶς διατάττεται· ἄνευ δέ τούτου ὁ λαός τῶν ἀρετῶν ἅπας εὐχείρωτος.

Καί διά τοῦτο πρό πάντων καί μετά πάντων ἔργον ἔστω πᾶσιν ἡμῖν, ἀδελφοί, ἡ μετάνοια καί ὁ συνημμένος ταύτῃ κλαυθμός· καί τά τῷ κλαυθμῷ συνεπόμενα δάκρυα· οὔτε γάρ δίχα μετανοίας κλαυθμός, (77) οὔτε δίχα κλαυθμοῦ δάκρυα, ἀλλά τά τρία ταῦτα ἀλλήλοις συνδέδενται, καί οὐκ ἔστι δίχα τοῦ ἑτέρου φανῆναι τό ἕτερον. Μή οὖν λέγῃ τις ἀδύνατον εἶναι τό καθ᾿ ἑκάστην κλαίειν· ὁ γάρ τοῦτο