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Socrates Scholasticus, The Ecclesiastical History. — Prefatory Note
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Chapter II.— By what Means the Emperor Constantine became a Christian.
Chapter III.— While Constantine favors the Christians, Licinius, his Colleague, persecutes them.
Chapter IV.— War arises between Constantine and Licinius on Account of the Christians.
Chapter V.— The Dispute of Arius with Alexander, his Bishop.
Chapter VIII.— Of the Synod which was held at Nicæa in Bithynia, and the Creed there put forth.
Chapter X.— The Emperor also summons to the Synod Acesius, Bishop of the Novatians.
Chapter XI.— Of the Bishop Paphnutius.
Chapter XII.— Of Spyridon, Bishop of the Cypriots.
Chapter XIII.— Of Eutychian the Monk.
Chapter XX.— In what Manner the Iberians were converted to Christianity.
Chapter XXI.— Of Anthony the Monk.
Chapter XXII.— Manes, the Founder of the Manichæan Heresy, and on his Origin.
Chapter XXV.— Of the Presbyter who exerted himself for the Recall of Arius.
Chapter XXIX.— Of Arsenius, and his Hand which was said to have been cut off.
Chapter XXX.— Athanasius is found Innocent of what he was accused his Accusers take to Flight.
Chapter XXXII.— On the Departure of Athanasius, those who composed the Synod vote his Deposition.
Chapter XXXVI.— Of Marcellus Bishop of Ancyra, and Asterius the Sophist.
Chapter XXXVIII.— The Death of Arius.
Chapter XXXIX.— The Emperor falls sick and dies.
Chapter XL.— The Funeral of the Emperor Constantine.
Chapter IV.— On the Death of Eusebius Pamphilus, Acacius succeeds to the Bishopric of Cæsarea.
Chapter V.— The Death of Constantine the Younger.
Chapter IX.— Of Eusebius of Emisa.
Chapter XI.— On the Arrival of Gregory at Alexandria, tended by a Military Escort, Athanasius flees.
Chapter XIV.— The Arians remove Gregory from the See of Alexandria, and appoint George in his Place.
Chapter XVII.— Athanasius, intimidated by the Emperor’s Threats, returns to Rome again.
Chapter XIX.— Of the Creed sent by the Eastern Bishops to those in Italy, called the Lengthy Creed.
Chapter XX.— Of the Council at Sardica.
Chapter XXI.— Defense of Eusebius Pamphilus.
Chapter XXV.— Of the Usurpers Magnentius and Vetranio.
Chapter XXIX.— Of the Heresiarch Photinus.
Chapter XXX.— Creeds published at Sirmium in Presence of the Emperor Constantius.
Chapter XXXI.— Of Hosius, Bishop of Cordova.
Chapter XXXII.— Overthrow of the Usurper Magnentius.
Chapter XXXIII.— Of the Jews inhabiting Dio-Cæsarea in Palestine.
Chapter XXXIV.— Of Gallus Cæsar.
Chapter XXXV.— Of Aëtius the Syrian, Teacher of Eunomius.
Chapter XXXVI.— Of the Synod at Milan.
Chapter XXXVII.— Of the Synod at Ariminum, and the Creed there published.
Chapter XXXVIII.— Cruelty of Macedonius, and Tumults raised by him.
Chapter XXXIX.— Of the Synod at Seleucia, in Isauria.
Chapter XL.— Acacius, Bishop of Cæsarea, dictates a new Form of Creed in the Synod at Seleucia.
Chapter XLII.— On the Deposition of Macedonius, Eudoxius obtains the Bishopric of Constantinople.
Chapter XLIII.— Of Eustathius Bishop of Sebastia.
Chapter XLIV.— Of Meletius Bishop of Antioch.
Chapter XLV.— The Heresy of Macedonius.
Chapter XLVI.— Of the Apollinarians, and their Heresy .
Chapter XLVII.— Successes of Julian Death of the Emperor Constantius.
Chapter II.— Of the Sedition excited at Alexandria, and how George was slain.
Chapter III.— The Emperor Indignant at the Murder of George, rebukes the Alexandrians by Letter.
Chapter V.— Of Lucifer and Eusebius.
Chapter VI.— Lucifer goes to Antioch and consecrates Paulinus.
Chapter VIII.— Quotations from Athanasius’ ‘Defense of his Flight.’
Chapter X.— Of Hilary Bishop of Poictiers.
Chapter XI.— The Emperor Julian extracts Money from the Christians.
Chapter XIII.— Of the Outrages committed by the Pagans against the Christians.
Chapter XIV.— Flight of Athanasius.
Chapter XV.— Martyrs at Merum in Phrygia, under Julian.
Chapter XIX.— Wrath of the Emperor, and Firmness of Theodore the Confessor.
Chapter XXI.— The Emperor’s Invasion of Persia, and Death.
Chapter XXII.— Jovian is proclaimed Emperor.
Chapter XXIII.— Refutation of what Libanius the Sophist said concerning Julian.
Chapter XXIV.— The Bishops flock around Jovian, each attempting to draw him to his own Creed.
Chapter XXVI.— Death of the Emperor Jovian.
Chapter IX.— Valens persecutes the Novatians, because they accepted the Orthodox Faith.
Chapter X.— Birth of Valentinian the Younger.
Chapter XI.— Hail of Extraordinary Size and Earthquakes in Bithynia and the Hellespont.
Chapter XV.— The Emperor banishes Evagrius and Eustathius. The Arians persecute the Orthodox.
Chapter XVI.— Certain Presbyters burnt in a Ship by Order of Valens. Famine in Phrygia.
Chapter XVIII.— Events at Edessa: Constancy of the Devout Citizens, and Courage of a Pious Woman.
Chapter XX.— Death of Athanasius, and Elevation of Peter to His See.
Chapter XXIII.— The Deeds of Some Holy Persons who devoted themselves to a Solitary Life .
Chapter XXV.— Of Didymus the Blind Man.
Chapter XXVI.— Of Basil of Cæsarea, and Gregory of Nazianzus.
Chapter XXVII.— Of Gregory Thaumaturgus (the Wonder-Worker).
Chapter XXXI.— Death of Valentinian.
Chapter XXXIII.— The Goths, under the Reign of Valens, embrace Christianity.
Chapter XXXV.— Abatement of Persecution against the Christians because of the War with the Goths.
Chapter III.— The Principal Bishops who flourished at that Time.
Chapter V.— Events at Antioch in Connection with Paulinus and Meletius.
Chapter XIII.— The Arians excite a Tumult at Constantinople.
Chapter XIV.— Overthrow and Death of the Usurper Maximus.
Chapter XV.— Of Flavian Bishop of Antioch.
Chapter XVII.— Of the Hieroglyphics found in the Temple of Serapis.
Chapter XVIII.— Reformation of Abuses at Rome by the Emperor Theodosius.
Chapter XIX.— Of the Office of Penitentiary Presbyters and its Abolition.
Chapter XX.— Divisions among the Arians and Other Heretics.
Chapter XXI.— Peculiar Schism among the Novatians.
Chapter XXIII.— Further Dissensions among the Arians at Constantinople. The Psathyrians.
Chapter XXIV.— The Eunomians divide into Several Factions.
Chapter XXVI.— Illness and Death of Theodosius the Elder.
Chapter II.— Death of Nectarius and Ordination of John.
Chapter III.— Birth and Education of John Bishop of Constantinople.
Chapter IV.— Of Serapion the Deacon on whose Account John becomes Odious to his Clergy.
Chapter X.— Epiphanius Bishop of Cyprus convenes a Synod to condemn the Books of Origen.
Chapter XI.— Of Severian and Antiochus: their Disagreement from John.
Chapter XIII.— The Author’s Defence of Origen.
Chapter XVI.— Sedition on Account of John Chrysostom’s Banishment. He is recalled.
Chapter XVIII.— Of Eudoxia’s Silver Statue. On account of it John is exiled a Second Time.
Chapter XX.— Death of Arsacius, and Ordination of Atticus.
Chapter XXI.— John dies in Exile.
Chapter XXII.— Of Sisinnius Bishop of the Novatians. His Readiness at Repartee.
Chapter XXIII.— Death of the Emperor Arcadius.
Chapter II.— Character and Conduct of Atticus Bishop of Constantinople.
Chapter III.— Of Theodosius and Agapetus Bishops of Synada.
Chapter IV.— A Paralytic Jew healed by Atticus in Baptism.
Chapter V.— The Presbyter Sabbatius, formerly a Jew, separates from the Novatians.
Chapter VI.— The Leaders of Arianism at this Time.
Chapter VII.— Cyril succeeds Theophilus Bishop of Alexandria.
Chapter VIII.— Propagation of Christianity among the Persians by Maruthas Bishop of Mesopotamia.
Chapter IX.— The Bishops of Antioch and Rome.
Chapter X.— Rome taken and sacked by Alaric.
Chapter XI.— The Bishops of Rome.
Chapter XII.— Of Chrysanthus Bishop of the Novatians at Constantinople.
Chapter XIV.— The Monks of Nitria come down and raise a Sedition against the Prefect of Alexandria.
Chapter XV.— Of Hypatia the Female Philosopher.
Chapter XVI.— The Jews commit Another Outrage upon the Christians and are punished.
Chapter XIX.— Of Palladius the Courier.
Chapter XX.— A Second Overthrow of the Persians by the Romans.
Chapter XXI.— Kind Treatment of the Persian Captives by Acacius Bishop of Amida.
Chapter XXII.— Virtues of the Emperor Theodosius the Younger.
Chapter XXVI.— Sisinnius is chosen to succeed Atticus.
Chapter XXVII.— Voluminous Productions of Philip, a Presbyter of Side.
Chapter XXVIII.— Proclus ordained Bishop of Cyzicus by Sisinnius, but rejected by the People.
Chapter XXX.— The Burgundians embrace Christianity under Theodosius the Younger.
Chapter XXXI.— Nestorius harasses the Macedonians.
Chapter XXXII.— Of the Presbyter Anastasius, by whom the Faith of Nestorius was perverted.
Chapter XXXIII.— Desecration of the Altar of the Great Church by Runaway Slaves.
Chapter XXXIV.— Synod at Ephesus against Nestorius. His Deposition.
Chapter XXXVI.— The Author’s Opinion of the Validity of Translations from One See to Another.
Chapter XXXVII.— Miracle performed by Silvanus Bishop of Troas formerly of Philippopolis.
Chapter XXXVIII.— Many of the Jews in Crete embrace the Christian Faith.
Chapter XXXIX.— Preservation of the Church of the Novatians from Fire.
Chapter XL.— Proclus succeeds Maximian Bishop of Constantinople.
Chapter XLI.— Excellent Qualities of Proclus.
Chapter XLII.— Panegyric of the Emperor Theodosius Younger.
Chapter XLIII.— Calamities of the Barbarians who had been the Usurper John’s Allies.
Chapter XLIV.— Marriage of the Emperor Valentinian with Eudoxia the Daughter of Theodosius.
Chapter XLVI.— Death of Paul Bishop of the Novatians, and Election of Marcian as his Successor.
Chapter XLVII.— The Empress Eudocia goes to Jerusalem sent there by the Emperor Theodosius.
Chapter XLVIII.— Thalassius is ordained Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia.
Chapter XI.— On the Arrival of Gregory at Alexandria, tended by a Military Escort, Athanasius flees.
After these things, Syrian, the military commander, and the corps of heavy armed soldiers, five thousand in number, conducted
Gregory to Alexandria; and such of the citizens as were of Arian sentiments combined with them. But it will be proper here
to relate by what means Athanasius escaped the hands of those who wished to apprehend him, after his expulsion from the church.
It was evening, and the people were attending the vigil there, a service
16
συνάξεως: literally ‘congregation,’ from συνάγω; but later applied to any service
held in the church. In mod. Συναξάριον , ‘Prayer-book.’
being expected. The commander arrived, and posted his forces in order of battle on every side of the church. Athanasius having
observed what was done, considered within himself how he might prevent the people’s suffering in any degree on his account:
accordingly having directed the deacon to give notice of prayer, after that he ordered the recitation of a psalm; and when
the melodious chant of the psalm arose, all went out through one of the church doors. While this was doing, the troops remained
inactive spectators, and Athanasius thus escaped unhurt in the midst of those who were chanting the psalm, and immediately
hastened to Rome. Gregory then prevailed in the church: but the people of Alexandria, being indignant at this procedure, set
the church called that of Dionysius on fire. Let this be sufficient on this subject. Now Eusebius, having thus far obtained
his object, sent a deputation to Julius, bishop of Rome,
17
So also Sozom. III. 7. But according to Valesius, both Socrates and Sozomen are
here mistaken, and Eusebius sent the deputation before the council at Antioch, as
is shown by the words of Athanasius in his Apol. contra Arian., 21.
begging that he would himself take cognizance of the charges against Athanasius, and order a judicial investigation to be
made in his presence.
18
See Hammond, Canons of the Church (notes on the Canons of Nicæa), for the prerogatives
of the see of Rome recognized at this time.