by counsel; but indeed they raise pure arms to heaven, rising early from bed, always cleansing their skin with water, and they honor only the one who always rules, the immortal one. 6.71.1 And not only this one Plato, O philosophy, but hasten to present many others also, uttering the one truly only god, god by his 6.71.2 inspiration, if somewhere they might have grasped the truth. For Antisthenes indeed did not conceive this in a Cynic fashion, but as an acquaintance of Socrates says, "God is like nothing"; "therefore no one can learn of him from an image." 6.71.3 And Xenophon the Athenian would himself have written something explicitly about the truth, testifying like Socrates, if he had not feared the poison of Socrates; but he hints at it no less. "The one, then," he says, "who shakes and keeps all things still, is manifest as someone great and powerful; but what he is like in form, is unseen; nor indeed does the sun, which seems to be all-shining, itself seem to permit one to see it, but if anyone shamelessly beholds it, he takes away their sight." Whence then does the son of Gryllus draw his wisdom, if not clearly 6.71.4 from the prophetess of the Hebrews who prophesies somehow thus? For what flesh can with eyes see the heavenly and true immortal god, who inhabits the vault of heaven? But not even opposite the rays of the sun can men stand, being born mortal. 6.72.1 And Cleanthes of Pedasus, the philosopher from the Stoa, demonstrates not a poetic theogony, but a true theology. He did not hide what he thought concerning God; 6.72.2 Do you ask me what the good is? Listen then: orderly, just, holy, pious, self-controlled, useful, beautiful, fitting, austere, impartial, always expedient, fearless, without grief, profitable, painless, helpful, well-pleasing, safe, friendly, honored, acknowledged * * * * * of good repute, without pride, careful, gentle, vehement, long-lasting, blameless, ever-abiding. Unfree is every man who looks to opinion, as though he would obtain some good from it. 6.72.3 Here indeed, I think, he clearly teaches what God is like, and how common opinion and custom enslave those who follow them, 6.72.4 but not those who seek God. Nor must we hide the followers of Pythagoras, who say, "God is one, and he is not, as some suppose, outside the world-order, but in it, whole in the whole circle, overseer of all generation, the mixture of all things, ever-existing and worker of his own powers and works, luminary of all things in heaven and father of all, mind and life-giving principle to the whole circle, 6.72.5 movement of all things." And these things are sufficient for the knowledge of God, written down by them through the inspiration of God, and selected by us for one who is able to discern even a little of the truth. 7.73.1 Let poetry now come to us (for philosophy alone is not sufficient), but also poetry itself, which is occupied with falsehood in all things, about to testify to the truth at long last, or rather confessing to God its mythical digression; let then whichever poet wishes come first. 7.73.2 Aratus, then, perceives the power of God to extend through all things, that all things may grow steadfast, so they propitiate him always first and last; hail, Father, great wonder, great help to men. 7.73.3 In this way also Hesiod of Ascra hints at God: for he himself is king and ruler of all; and with him no other of the immortals has vied in power. 7.74.1 And now even on the stage they lay bare the truth; one, looking up to the aether and to heaven, 7.74.2 says, "count this as God," says Euripides; and Sophocles, the son of Sophillus, "One in very truth, one is God, who made both heaven and the broad earth and the sea's flashing swell and the might of the winds; but many of us mortals, wandering in heart, have set up for woes
βουλῇ· ἀλλὰ γὰρ αἴρουσι πρὸς οὐρανὸν ὠλένας ἁγνάς, ὄρθριοι ἐξ εὐνῆς, ἀεὶ χρόα ἁγνίζοντες ὕδασι, καὶ τιμῶσι μόνον τὸν ἀεὶ μεδέοντα ἀθάνατον. 6.71.1 Καί μοι μὴ μόνον, ὦ φιλοσοφία, ἕνα τοῦτον Πλάτωνα, πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ ἄλλους παραστῆσαι σπούδασον, τὸν ἕνα ὄντως μόνον θεὸν ἀναφθεγγομένους θεὸν κατ' ἐπίπνοιαν 6.71.2 αὐτοῦ, εἴ που τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπιδράξαιντο. Ἀντισθένης μὲν γὰρ οὐ Κυνικὸν δὴ τοῦτο ἐνενόησεν, Σωκράτους δὲ ἅτε γνώριμος "θεὸν οὐδενὶ ἐοικέναι" φησίν· "διόπερ αὐτὸν 6.71.3 οὐδεὶς ἐκμαθεῖν ἐξ εἰκόνος δύναται". Ξενοφῶν δὲ ὁ Ἀθη ναῖος διαρρήδην ἂν καὶ αὐτὸς περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐγεγράφει τι μαρτυρῶν ὡς Σωκράτης, εἰ μὴ τὸ Σωκράτους ἐδεδίει φάρμακον· οὐδὲν δὲ ἧττον αἰνίττεται. "Ὁ γοῦν τὰ πάντα", φησί, "σείων καὶ ἀτρεμίζων ὡς μὲν μέγας τις καὶ δυνατός, φανερός· ὁποῖος δέ τις μορφήν, ἀφανής· οὐδὲ μὴν ὁ παμφαὴς δοκῶν εἶναι ἥλιος οὐδ' αὐτὸς ἔοικεν ὁρᾶν αὑτὸν ἐπιτρέπειν, ἀλλ' ἤν τις ἀναιδῶς αὐτὸν θεάσηται, τὴν ὄψιν ἀφαιρεῖται." Πόθεν ἄρα ὁ τοῦ Γρύλλου σοφίζεται ἢ δηλαδὴ 6.71.4 παρὰ τῆς προφήτιδος τῆς Ἑβραίων θεσπιζούσης ὧδέ πως; Τίς γὰρ σὰρξ δύναται τὸν ἐπουράνιον καὶ ἀληθῆ ὀφθαλμοῖς ἰδεῖν θεὸν ἄμβροτον, ὃς πόλον οἰκεῖ; Ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἀκτίνων κατεναντίον ἠελίοιο ἄνθρωποι στῆναι δυνατοί, θνητοὶ γεγαῶτες. 6.72.1 Κλεάνθης δὲ ὁ Πηδασεύς, ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς φιλόσοφος, οὐ θεογονίαν ποιητικήν, θεολογίαν δὲ ἀληθινὴν ἐνδείκνυται. Οὐκ ἀπεκρύψατο τοῦ θεοῦ πέρι ὅ τί περ εἶχεν φρονῶν· 6.72.2 τἀγαθὸν ἐρωτᾷς μ' οἷόν ἐστ'; Ἄκουε δή· τεταγμένον, δίκαιον, ὅσιον, εὐσεβές, κρατοῦν ἑαυτοῦ, χρήσιμον, καλόν, δέον, αὐστηρόν, αὐθέκαστον, ἀεὶ συμφέρον, ἄφοβον, ἄλυπον, λυσιτελές, ἀνώδυνον, ὠφέλιμον, εὐάρεστον, ἀσφαλές, φίλον, ἔντιμον, ὁμολογούμενον * * * * * εὐκλεές, ἄτυφον, ἐπιμελές, πρᾶον, σφοδρόν, χρονιζόμενον, ἄμεμπτον, ἀεὶ διαμένον. Ἀνελεύθερος πᾶς ὅστις εἰς δόξαν βλέπει, ὡς δὴ παρ' ἐκείνης τευξόμενος καλοῦ τινος. 6.72.3 Ἐνταῦθα δὴ σαφῶς, οἶμαι, διδάσκει ὁποῖός ἐστιν ὁ θεός, καὶ ὡς ἡ δόξα ἡ κοινὴ καὶ ἡ συνήθεια τοὺς ἑπομένους αὐταῖν, 6.72.4 ἀλλὰ μὴ τὸν θεὸν ἐπιζητοῦντας, ἐξανδραποδίζεσθον. Οὐκ ἀποκρυπτέον οὐδὲ τοὺς ἀμφὶ τὸν Πυθαγόραν, οἵ φασιν "ὁ μὲν θεὸς εἷς, χοὖτος δὲ οὐχ, ὥς τινες ὑπονοοῦσιν, ἐκτὸς τᾶς διακοσμήσιος, ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτᾷ, ὅλος ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κύκλῳ ἐπίσ κοπος πάσας γενέσιος, κρᾶσις τῶν ὅλων, ἀεὶ ὢν καὶ ἐργάτας τῶν αὑτοῦ δυνάμιων καὶ ἔργων, ἁπάντων ἐν οὐρανῷ φωστὴρ καὶ πάντων πατήρ, νοῦς καὶ ψύχωσις τῷ ὅλῳ κύκλῳ, 6.72.5 πάντων κίνασις." Ἀπόχρη καὶ τάδε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν θεοῦ ἐπιπνοίᾳ θεοῦ πρὸς αὐτῶν μὲν ἀναγεγραμμένα, πρὸς δὲ ἡμῶν ἐξειλεγμένα τῷ γε καὶ σμικρὸν διαθρεῖν ἀλήθειαν δυναμένῳ. 7.73.1 Ἴτω δὲ ἡμῖν (οὐ γὰρ αὐταρκεῖ μόνον ἡ φιλοσοφία) ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ ποιητικὴ ἡ περὶ τὸ ψεῦδος τὰ πάντα ἠσχο λημένη, μόλις ποτὲ ἤδη ἀλήθειαν μαρτυρήσουσα, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐξομολογουμένη τῷ θεῷ τὴν μυθώδη παρέκβασιν· παρίτω 7.73.2 δὴ ὅστις καὶ βούλεται ποιητὴς πρῶτος. Ἄρατος μὲν οὖν διὰ πάντων τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ θεοῦ διήκειν νοεῖ, ὄφρ' ἔμπεδα πάντα φύωνται, τῷ μιν ἀεὶ πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον ἱλάσκονται· χαῖρε, πάτερ, μέγα θαῦμα, μέγ' ἀνθρώποισιν ὄνειαρ. 7.73.3 Ταύτῃ τοι καὶ ὁ Ἀσκραῖος αἰνίττεται Ἡσίοδος τὸν θεόν· αὐτὸς γὰρ πάντων βασιλεὺς καὶ κοίρανός ἐστιν· ἀθανάτων τῷ δ' οὔτις ἐρήρισται κράτος ἄλλος. 7.74.1 Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς παραγυμνοῦσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν· ὃ μὲν καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰθέρα καὶ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 7.74.2 ἀναβλέψας "τόνδε ἡγοῦ θεόν", φησίν, Εὐριπίδης· ὁ δὲ τοῦ Σοφίλλου Σοφοκλῆς, εἷς ταῖς ἀληθείαισιν, εἷς ἐστὶν θεός, ὃς οὐρανόν τ' ἔτευξε καὶ γαῖαν μακρὴν πόντου τε χαροπὸν οἶδμα καὶ ἀνέμων βίας· θνητοὶ δὲ πολλοὶ καρδίᾳ πλανώμενοι ἱδρυσάμεσθα πημάτων