and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the angelic minds have their simple and blessed intellections. Not in divisible things, or from divisible things, or from senses, or discursive reasons do they gather divine knowledge, nor are they contained by anything common to these things, but, purified intellectually from all matter and multitude, immaterially and uniformly they understand the intelligible things of the divine. And their intellectual power and energy is illumined by an unmixed and stainless purity, and is a synoptic understanding of the divine intellections by indivisibility and immateriality, and, by the divinely-formed one, is conformed, as far as possible, to the divine and all-wise Mind and Reason. Through the divine wisdom, souls also possess the rational faculty, proceeding discursively and in a circle around the truth of beings, and by their divisible and manifold variety falling short of the unified minds, but by the rolling up of the many into the one, they are deemed worthy of understandings equal to angels, insofar as is proper and possible for souls. But even the senses themselves one would not err in calling an echo of wisdom. And yet the demonic mind, as mind, is from it; but insofar as it is a mind deprived of reason for attaining what it desires, neither knowing nor willing it, it must more properly be called a falling away from wisdom. But if the divine wisdom is said to be the beginning and cause and substance and perfection and guard and end of Wisdom itself and of all wisdom, and of all mind and of all reason and of all sense, how then is God Himself, the all-wise, hymned as Wisdom and Mind and "Word" and "Knower"? For how will He understand any of the intelligible things, not having intellectual energies, or how will He know the sensible things, being established above all sense? And yet the oracles say that He knows all things and that nothing escapes the divine knowledge.

But, as I have often said, divine things must be understood in a manner befitting God. For the lack of mind and lack of sense must be assigned to God by way of transcendence, not by way of defect, just as we attribute the irrational to Him Who is above reason, and imperfection to the super-perfect and pre-perfect, and the intangible and invisible darkness to the light which is unapproachable by reason of its transcendence over visible light. So the divine Mind comprehends all things by a knowledge transcending all things, in virtue of being the Cause of all, having pre-conceived in itself the knowledge of all things; before angels came to be, knowing and creating angels, and all other things from within and from, so to speak, the very beginning, knowing and bringing them into being. And this, I think, the oracle conveys when it says, "He Who knows all things before their coming into being." For the divine Mind does not know beings by learning them from beings, but from itself and in itself, as cause, it pre-possesses and has pre-conceived the idea and knowledge and essence of all things, not by applying itself to each individually, but by knowing and comprehending all things in the one scope of causality, just as light has pre-conceived in itself, as cause, the idea of darkness, knowing darkness from no other source than from light. Therefore the divine Wisdom, by knowing itself, will know all things: the material immaterially, the divisible indivisibly, and the many things unitarily, by the one itself both knowing and producing all things. For if God by a single cause imparts being to all existing things, by that same single cause He will know all things as being from Him and pre-existing in Him, and He will not derive His knowledge of them from the things that are, but will even be the supplier to each thing of its own knowledge and to others of the knowledge of others. God therefore does not have one knowledge of Himself, and another which commonly comprehends all existing things. For the Cause of all, in knowing itself, will hardly be ignorant of the things that come from it and of which it is the cause. In this way, then, God knows beings not by the science of beings, but by the science of Himself. For the oracles say that the angels also know the things on earth, not by knowing them through the senses, though they are sensible things, but according to the proper power and nature of the God-like mind. <3> In addition to these things, one must inquire how we know God, Who is neither intelligible nor sensible nor anything at all among beings. Might it not then be true to say that we know God not from His nature, for this is unknowable and transcends all reason and mind, but from the ordering of all beings as projected from Him, which possess certain images and likenesses of His divine paradigms, we ascend by a path and order, as far as we are able, to that which is beyond all, through the negation and transcendence of all things and through the

καὶ τῆς αὐτοσοφίας καὶ τῆς ὅλης καὶ τῆς καθ' ἕκαστόν ἐστιν ὑποστάτις. <2> Ἐξ αὐτῆς αἱ νοηταὶ καὶ νοεραὶ τῶν ἀγγελικῶν νοῶν δυνάμεις τὰς ἁπλᾶς καὶ μακαρίας ἔχουσι νοήσεις. Oὐκ ἐν μεριστοῖς ἢ ἀπὸ μεριστῶν ἢ αἰσθήσεων ἢ λόγων διεξοδικῶν συνάγουσαι τὴν θείαν γνῶσιν οὐδὲ ὑπό τινος κοινοῦ πρὸς ταῦτα συμπεριεχόμεναι, παντὸς δὲ ὑλικοῦ καὶ πλήθους καθαρεύουσαι νοερῶς, ἀΰλως, ἑνοειδῶς τὰ νοητὰ τῶν θείων νοοῦσιν. Καὶ ἔστιν αὐταῖς ἡ νοερὰ δύναμις καὶ ἐνέργεια τῇ ἀμιγεῖ καὶ ἀχράντῳ καθαρότητι κατηγλαϊσμένη καὶ συνοπτικὴ τῶν θείων νοήσεων ἀμερείᾳ καὶ ἀϋλίᾳ καὶ τῷ θεοειδῶς ἑνὶ πρὸς τὸν θεῖον καὶ ὑπέρσοφον καὶ νοῦν καὶ λόγον, ὡς ἐφικτόν, ἀποτυπουμένη. ∆ιὰ τὴν θείαν σοφίαν καὶ ψυχαὶ τὸ λογικὸν ἔχουσι διεξοδικῶς μὲν καὶ κύκλῳ περὶ τὴν τῶν ὄντων ἀλήθειαν περιπορευόμεναι καὶ τῷ μεριστῷ καὶ παντοδαπῷ τῆς ποικιλίας ἀπολειπόμεναι τῶν ἑνιαίων νοῶν, τῇ δὲ τῶν πολλῶν εἰς τὸ ἓν συνελίξει καὶ τῶν ἰσαγγέλων νοήσεων, ἐφ' ὅσον ψυχαῖς οἰκεῖον καὶ ἐφικτόν, ἀξιούμεναι. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις αὐτὰς οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι σκοποῦ τῆς σοφίας ἀπήχημα φήσας. Καίτοι καὶ ὁ δαιμόνιος νοῦς, ᾗ νοῦς, ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐστι, καθ' ὅσον δὲ νοῦς ἐστιν ἠλογημένος τυχεῖν, οὗ ἐφίεται, μὴ εἰδὼς μήτε βουλόμενος, ἔκπτωσιν σοφίας κυριώτερον αὐτὸν προσρητέον. Ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν σοφίας αὐτῆς καὶ πάσης καὶ νοῦ παντὸς καὶ λόγου καὶ αἰσθήσεως πάσης ἡ θεία σοφία καὶ ἀρχὴ καὶ αἰτία καὶ ὑποστάτις καὶ τελείωσις καὶ φρουρὰ καὶ πέρας εἴρηται, πῶς δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς ὁ ὑπέρσοφος σοφία καὶ νοῦς καὶ «λόγος» καὶ «γνώστης» ὑμνεῖται; Πῶς γὰρ νοήσει τι τῶν νοητῶν οὐκ ἔχων νοερὰς ἐνεργείας ἢ πῶς γνώσεται τὰ αἰσθητὰ πάσης αἰσθήσεως ὑπεριδρυμένος; Καίτοι πάντα αὐτὸν εἰδέναι φησὶ τὰ λόγια καὶ οὐδὲν διαφεύγειν τὴν θείαν γνῶσιν.

Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην πολλάκις, τὰ θεῖα θεοπρεπῶς νοητέον. Τὸ γὰρ ἄνουν καὶ ἀναίσθητον καθ' ὑπεροχήν, οὐ κατ' ἔλλειψιν ἐπὶ θεοῦ τακτέον ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ἄλογον ἀνατίθεμεν τῷ ὑπὲρ λόγον καὶ τὴν ἀτέλειαν τῷ ὑπερτελεῖ καὶ προτελείῳ καὶ τὸν ἀναφῆ καὶ ἀόρατον γνόφον τῷ φωτὶ τῷ ἀπροσίτῳ καθ' ὑπεροχὴν τοῦ ὁρατοῦ φωτός. Ὥστε ὁ θεῖος νοῦς πάντα συνέχει τῇ πάντων ἐξῃρημένῃ γνώσει κατὰ τὴν πάντων αἰτίαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν πάντων εἴδησιν προειληφώς, πρὶν ἀγγέλους γενέσθαι εἰδὼς καὶ παράγων ἀγγέλους καὶ πάντα τὰ ἄλλα ἔνδοθεν καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, τῆς ἀρχῆς εἰδὼς καὶ εἰς οὐσίαν ἄγων. Καὶ τοῦτο οἶμαι παραδιδόναι τὸ λόγιον, ὁπόταν φησίν· «Ὁ εἰδὼς τὰ πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν». Oὐ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν ὄντων τὰ ὄντα μανθάνων οἶδεν ὁ θεῖος νοῦς, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἐν ἑαυτῷ κατ' αἰτίαν τὴν πάντων εἴδησιν καὶ γνῶσιν καὶ οὐσίαν προέχει καὶ προσυνείληφεν οὐ κατ' ἰδίαν ἑκάστοις ἐπιβάλλων, ἀλλὰ κατὰ μίαν τῆς αἰτίας περιοχὴν τὰ πάντα εἰδὼς καὶ συνέχων ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ φῶς κατ' αἰτίαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν εἴδησιν τοῦ σκότους προείληφεν οὐκ ἄλλοθεν εἰδὼς τὸ σκότος ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ φωτός. Ἑαυτὴν οὖν ἡ θεία σοφία γινώσκουσα γνώσεται πάντα ἀΰλως τὰ ὑλικὰ καὶ ἀμερίστως τὰ μεριστὰ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ἑνιαίως αὐτῷ τῷ ἑνὶ τὰ πάντα καὶ γινώσκουσα καὶ παράγουσα. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ κατὰ μίαν αἰτίαν ὁ θεὸς πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι τοῦ εἶναι μεταδίδωσι, κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἑνικὴν αἰτίαν εἴσεται πάντα ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ ὄντα καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ προϋφεστηκότα καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τῶν ὄντων λήψεται τὴν αὐτῶν γνῶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῖς ἑκάστοις τῆς αὑτῶν καὶ ἄλλοις τῆς ἄλλων γνώσεως ἔσται χορηγός. Oὐκ ἄρα ὁ θεὸς ἰδίαν ἔχει τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γνῶσιν, ἑτέραν δὲ τὴν κοινῇ τὰ ὄντα πάντα συλλαμβάνουσαν. Aὐτὴ γὰρ ἑαυτὴν ἡ πάντων αἰτία γινώσκουσα σχολῇ που τὰ ἀφ' αὑτῆς καὶ ὧν ἐστιν αἰτία ἀγνοήσει. Ταύτῃ γοῦν ὁ θεὸς τὰ ὄντα γινώσκει οὐ τῇ ἐπιστήμῃ τῶν ὄντων, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους εἰδέναι φησὶ τὰ λόγια τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ κατ' αἰσθήσεις αὐτὰ γινώσκοντας αἰσθητά γε ὄντα, κατ' οἰκείαν δὲ τοῦ θεοειδοῦς νοῦ δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν. <3> Ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ζητῆσαι χρή, πῶς ἡμεῖς θεὸν γινώσκομεν οὐδὲ νοητὸν οὐδὲ αἰσθητὸν οὐδέ τι καθόλου τῶν ὄντων ὄντα. Μ»ποτε οὖν ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν, ὅτι θεὸν γινώσκομεν οὐκ ἐκ τῆς αὐτοῦ φύσεως, ἄγνωστον γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ πάντα λόγον καὶ νοῦν ὑπεραῖρον, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς πάντων τῶν ὄντων διατάξεως ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ προβεβλημένης καὶ εἰκόνας τινὰς καὶ ὁμοιώματα τῶν θείων αὐτοῦ παραδειγμάτων ἐχούσης εἰς τὸ ἐπέκεινα πάντων ὁδῷ καὶ τάξει κατὰ δύναμιν ἄνιμεν ἐν τῇ πάντων ἀφαιρέσει καὶ ὑπεροχῇ καὶ ἐν τῇ