John Chrysostom, On Repentance

Are you fleeing, tell me? Wait a little while then, and you will learn from the events themselves that you will not be able to escape the hands of even the servant sea. For as soon as he boarded the ship, it stirred up its waves, and they were raised to a great height; and just as a dutiful handmaid, having found a fellow-slave who is a fugitive, one who has stolen some of his master's possessions, does not desist from causing myriad troubles for those who received him until she takes him and departs; so too the sea, having found and recognized its own fellow-slave, caused myriad troubles for the sailors, stirring, roaring, not dragging him to a court of law, but threatening the sinking of the vessel with all hands, unless they should give its fellow-slave back to it. What then did the sailors do, when these things happened? They made, it says, a jettison of the equipment in the ship; but the ship was not lightened; for the entire cargo still remained inside, the body of the prophet, that heavy freight, not because of the nature of his body, but because of the weight of his sin. For nothing is so heavy and hard 49.310 to bear as sin and disobedience. For this reason also Zechariah depicted it in the form of lead; and David, describing its nature, said: My iniquities have gone over my head; as a heavy burden they are too heavy for me. And Christ cried out to those who had lived in many sins: Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. This, then, weighed down the ship at that time and was about to sink it; but Jonah was asleep and snoring. The deep sleep was not of pleasure, but of grief; not of indolence, but of despondency. For the dutiful among servants are quick to perceive their sins; which is what he also experienced. For after the commission of the sin, he then knew the terribleness of sin. For such is sin: after it is born, it then stirs up its full birth pangs in the soul that bore it, contrary to the law of our own birth. For we, as soon as we are born, put an end to the birth pangs, but sin, as soon as it is born, tears apart with pains the thoughts that bore it. What then of the ship's captain? He came to him, it says, and says: Arise, and call upon the Lord your God. He knew then from experience that the storm was no ordinary one, but that the blow was sent from God, and the surge was greater than human skill, and that the hands of the helmsman were of no avail; for what was happening required another, greater helmsman, the one who governs the entire world, and it had need of influence from above. For this reason they also, leaving oars and sails and ropes and everything, and taking their hands from the rowing, stretched them up to heaven and began to call upon God. But when not even so did anything more happen, They cast lots, it says; and the lot then delivered up the responsible one to the verdict. But not even so did they take him and cast him into the sea, but with so much clamor and confusion pressing upon them, as if they were enjoying much peace, they thus set up a tribunal in the ship, and gave him leave to speak, and deemed him worthy of a defense, and examined everything with accuracy, as if they were about to give an account to someone for what they were going to decide. Listen to them, at any rate, as they examine everything as in a court of law. What is your occupation? and where do you come from? and where are you going? and from what country, and from what people are you? And yet the sea had accused him, crying out against him, and the lot had convicted and testified against him; but nevertheless, with neither the sea crying out against him, nor the lot testifying against him, do they yet bring in the verdict, but just as in a court of law, with accusers present, and witnesses standing by, and convictions being made, the judges do not bring in the verdict until the condemned man himself becomes the accuser of his own sin; so also here the sailors, barbarous and foolish men, imitated the good order of the courts of law; and yet with so much fear, so great a surge,

φεύγεις, εἰπέ μοι; Οὐκοῦν μικρὸν ἀνάμεινον, καὶ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτῶν μαθήσῃ, ὅτι οὐδὲ τῆς δούλης θαλάττης τὰς χεῖρας δυνήσῃ διαφυγεῖν. Ὁμοῦ γὰρ ἐπέβη τῆς νηὸς οὗτος, κἀκείνη τὰ κύματα διανέστησε, καὶ πρὸς ὕψος ἠγείρετο μέγα· καὶ καθάπερ θεράπαινά τις εὐγνώμων σύνδουλον εὑροῦσα φυγάδα, τῶν δεσποτικῶν ὑφελόμενόν τι κτημάτων, οὐ πρότερον ἀφίσταται μυρία τοῖς ὑποδεξαμένοις αὐτὸν παρέχουσα πράγματα, ἕως ἂν λαβοῦσα αὐτὸν ἀπέλθῃ· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡ θάλαττα τὸν σύνδουλον εὑροῦσα τὸν ἑαυτῆς καὶ ἐπιγνοῦσα, μυρία τοῖς ναύταις παρέχει πράγματα, ταράττουσα, βοῶσα, οὐκ εἰς δικαστήριον ἕλκουσα, ἀλλ' αὔτανδρον ἀπειλοῦσα κατάδυσιν τοῦ σκάφους, εἰ μὴ τὸν ὁμόδουλον ἀποδοῖεν αὐτῇ. Τί οὖν οἱ ναῦται, τούτων γινομένων; Ἐποιήσαντο, φησὶν, ἐκβολὴν τῶν σκευῶν τῶν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ· τὸ δὲ πλοῖον οὐκ ἐκουφίζετο· ὁ γὰρ φόρτος ἅπας ἔνδον ἔμενεν ἔτι, τοῦ προφήτου τὸ σῶμα, τὸ βαρὺ φορτίον, οὐ παρὰ τὴν τοῦ σώματος φύσιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἄχθος· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω βαρὺ καὶ δυσβά49.310 στακτον, ὡς ἁμαρτία καὶ παρακοή. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ζαχαρίας εἰς ὄψιν μολίβδου διετύπωσεν αὐτήν· ὁ ∆αυῒδ δὲ τὴν φύσιν αὐτῆς διαγράφων ἔλεγεν· Αἱ ἀνομίαι μου ὑπερῆραν τὴν κεφαλήν μου, ὡσεὶ φορτίον βαρὺ ἐβαρύνθησαν ἐπ' ἐμέ. Ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς πρὸς τοὺς ἐν ἁμαρτίαις βεβιωκότας πολλαῖς ἐβόα· ∆εῦτε πρὸς μὲ πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς. Αὕτη τοίνυν καὶ τὸ πλοῖον ἐβάρυνε τότε καὶ βαπτίζειν ἔμελλεν· ὁ δὲ Ἰωνᾶς ἐκάθευδε καὶ ἔρεγχε. Βαρὺς ὁ ὕπνος οὐκ ἦν ἡδονῆς, ἀλλὰ λύπης, οὐχὶ ῥᾳθυμίας, ἀλλὰ ἀθυμίας. Οἱ γὰρ εὐγνώμονες τῶν οἰκετῶν ταχέως αἰσθάνονται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων· ὅπερ κἀκεῖνος ἔπαθε. Μετὰ γὰρ τὴν πρᾶξιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἔγνω τῆς ἁμαρτίας τότε τὸ δεινόν· καὶ γὰρ τοιοῦτον ἡ ἁμαρτία· μετὰ τὸ τεχθῆναι, πλήρης τότε τὰς ὠδῖνας ἐγείρει τῇ τεκούσῃ ψυχῇ, ἀπεναντίας τῷ νόμῳ τῆς ἡμετέρας γεννήσεως. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ὁμοῦ τεχθέντες τὰς ὠδῖνας λύομεν, ἐκείνη δὲ ὁμοῦ τεχθεῖσα διασπᾷ ταῖς ὀδύναις τοὺς τεκόντας αὐτὴν λογισμούς. Τί οὖν ὁ πρωρεύς; Προσῆλθε, φησὶν, αὐτῷ καὶ λέγει· Ἀνάστα, καὶ ἐπικαλοῦ Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου. Ἔγνω λοιπὸν ἀπὸ τῆς πείρας, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν συνήθης ὁ χειμὼν, ἀλλὰ θεήλατος ἦν ἡ πληγὴ, καὶ μεῖζον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης τέχνης τὸ κλυδώνιον, καὶ ὅτι τῶν τοῦ κυβερνήτου χειρῶν ὄφελος οὐδέν· ἑτέρου γὰρ ἐδεῖτο μείζονος κυβερνήτου τὰ γινόμενα, τοῦ τὸν κόσμον διακυβερνῶντος ἅπαντα, καὶ τῆς ἄνωθεν χρείαν εἶχε ῥοπῆς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνοι κώπας καὶ ἱστία καὶ σχοινία καὶ πάντα ἀφέντες καὶ τῆς εἰρεσίας τὰς χεῖρας ἀποστήσαντες πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνέτειναν, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν παρεκάλουν. Ὡς δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐγένετό τι πλέον, Ἔβαλον κλήρους, φησί· καὶ παρέδωκε λοιπὸν ὁ κλῆρος τῇ ψήφῳ τὸν ὑπεύθυνον. Οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτως αὐτὸν λαβόντες κατεπόντισαν, ἀλλὰ θορύβου τοσούτου καὶ ταραχῆς ἐπικειμένης, ὥσπερ ἡσυχίας πολλῆς ἀπολαύοντες, οὕτω δικαστήριον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ καθιστάντες, καὶ λόγου μετέδωκαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀπολογίας ἠξίωσαν, καὶ πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξήταζον, ὥσπερ μέλλοντές τινι παρέχειν εὐθύνας, ὧν ἂν ψηφίσωνται. Ἄκουσον γοῦν αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ ἐν δικαστηρίῳ πάντα ἐξεταζόντων. Τίς σου ἡ ἐργασία ἐστί; καὶ πόθεν ἔρχῃ; καὶ ποῦ πορεύῃ; καὶ ἐκ ποίας χώρας, καὶ ἐκ ποίου λαοῦ εἶ σύ; Καίτοι κατηγόρησε μὲν ἡ θάλασσα καταβοῶσα, ἤλεγξε δὲ ὁ κλῆρος, καὶ κατεμαρτύρησεν· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὔτε τῆς θαλάσσης καταβοώσης, οὔτε τοῦ κλήρου καταμαρτυρήσαντος τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγουσιν οὐδέπω, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐν δικαστηρίῳ, καὶ κατηγόρων παρόντων, καὶ μαρτύρων ἐφεστηκότων, καὶ ἐλέγχων γινομένων, οὐ πρότερον οἱ δικάζοντες τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγουσιν, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸς ὁ κατάδικος κατήγορος τῆς ἰδίας ἁμαρτίας γένηται· οὕτω δὴ καὶ οἱ ναῦται ἐνταῦθα, ἄνθρωποι βάρβαροι καὶ ἀνόητοι, τὴν ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις εὐταξίαν ἐμιμοῦντο· καίτοι τοσούτου φόβου, τοσούτου κλυδωνίου,