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the apostle Peter writes, it is possible to learn: "For the day of the Lord, he says, will come like a thief in the night, in which the heavens will pass away with a rushing noise, and the elements will be dissolved with fervent heat, and the earth and the works that are in it will be burned up." Do you see how he says that all things will be reforged and changed through fire? Therefore, he adds, he says: "Since all these things are thus to be dissolved, what sort of people ought we to be in holy conduct and godliness? " But how then will they be dissolved? Just as a bronze vessel that has grown old, become soiled and useless from rust, is given over to the fire by the craftsman and thus, being reforged, is made new again by him, in the same way also creation, since it has grown old and been soiled by our sins, will be dissolved by the creator of all things through fire, that is, it will be reforged and reconstituted, and will become brilliant and newer, incomparably so, than the one now seen.

And so, with the apostle Peter having written these things, a little later he says again: "Therefore, beloved, since you are waiting for these, be diligent to be found by him without spot or blemish, and at peace. And count the patience of our Lord as salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these matters. There are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures"; And this is what not only those then, but also now most or even almost all, so to speak, suffer from ignorance, confusing everything, twisting or rather misinterpreting all things of the divine Scripture to our own destruction, striving to have and make the divine Scriptures advocates, as it were, (67) of our own passions and desires and of our destruction.

But let us see what the divine Paul also says concerning creation and its renewal; for having said, "For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us," he added: "For the eager expectation of creation waits for the revealing of the sons of God." By 'eager expectation' he means anticipation, intense desire, and by 'revealing' he means the manifestation in the resurrection; for in this, through the presence of Christ and God, the sons of God must be manifested and their beauty must appear, and they themselves entirely as they are, as it is written: "Then the righteous will shine like the sun," that is, the sons of the righteous God. And so that you might not suppose the divine apostle is speaking of some other creation, he adds: "For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope."

Do you see how I was not off the mark when I said that creation no longer wished to serve the transgressor Adam, seeing him fallen from the divine glory as one who had offended God his maker? For this very reason, God, having predestined his salvation from rebirth before the foundation of the world, subjected creation to him, having cursed it so that, when the man for whom it was brought forth became corruptible, it too might become corruptible, so that it might provide him corruptible food annually; but whenever He renews man and makes him incorruptible and immortal and spiritual, then also He will change the whole of creation itself, I say, along with him and will make it everlasting; for this He has revealed through what He said: (68) "For creation, he says, was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope." That is, not of its own accord, he says, was it subjected to humanity, not willingly was it brought into corruption and bring forth corruptible fruits and sprout thorns and thistles together, but obeying the command of God who ordained these things in the hope of renewal again. And wishing to make this clearer, he said: "For the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God."

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ἀπόστολος Πέτρος γράφει, μαθεῖν ἐστιν· "Ἥξει γάρ, φησίν, ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί, ἐν ᾗ οὐρανοί ῥοιζηδόν παρελεύσονται, στοιχεῖα δέ καυσούμενα λυθήσονται καί γῆ καί τά ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα κατακαήσεται". Ὁρᾷς πῶς διά πυρός λέγει τά πάντα ἀναχωνευθήσεσθαι καί ἀλλοιωθήσεσθαι; ∆ιό καί ἐπιφέρων φησί· "Τούτων οὖν πάντων λυομένων, ποταπούς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν ἡμᾶς ἐν ἁγίαις ἀναστροφαῖς καί εὐσεβείαις; " Λυθήσονται δέ ἄρα πῶς; Ὥσπερ σκεῦος χαλκοῦν πεπαλαιωμένον, ῥυπωθέν καί ἀχρειωθέν ὑπό ἰοῦ, τῷ πυρί παραδίδοται ὑπό τοῦ τεχνίτου καί οὕτως ἀναχωνευόμενον καινόν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ πάλιν κατασκευάζεται, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί ἡ κτίσις, ἐπεί ἐπαλαιώθη καί ὑπό τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ἐρρυπώθη, ὑπό τοῦ δημιουργοῦ τῶν ὅλων διά πυρός λυθήσεται, εἴτ᾿ οὖν ἀναχωνευθήσεται καί ἀναστοιχειωθήσεται καί λαμπρά καί καινοτέρα ἀσυγκρίτως τῆς νυνί ὁρωμένης γενήσεται.

Οὕτως δέ περί τούτων τοῦ ἀποστόλου γράψαντος Πέτρου, μετ᾿ ὀλίγα πάλιν φησί· "∆ιό, ἀγαπητοί, ταῦτα προσδοκῶντες σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ καί τήν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε, καθώς καί ὁ ἀγαπητός ἡμῶν ἀδελφός Παῦλος κατά τήν αὐτῷ δοθεῖσαν σοφίαν ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν, ὡς καί ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς λαλῶν ἐν αὐταῖς περί τούτων, ἐν οἷς ἐστι δυσνόητά τινα, ἅ οἱ ἀμαθεῖς καί ἀστήρικτοι στρεβλοῦσιν ὡς καί τάς λοιπάς γραφάς πρός τήν ἰδίαν αὐτῶν ἀπώλειαν"· Τοῦτο δέ οὐχ οἱ τότε μόνον, ἀλλά καί νῦν οἱ πλεῖστοι ἤ καί οἱ πάντες σχεδόν εἰπεῖν πάσχομεν ἐξ ἀγνοίας, πάντα συγχέοντες, πάντα τά τῆς θείας Γραφῆς πρός τήν ἀπώλειαν ἡμῶν στρεβλοῦντες ἤγουν παρερμηνεύοντες, συνηγόρους οἱονεί (67) τῶν ἰδίων παθῶν καί ἐπιθυμιῶν καί τῆς ἀπωλείας ἡμῶν σπουδάζοντες ἔχειν καί ποιεῖν τάς θείας Γραφάς.

Ἀλλ᾿ ἴδωμεν τί καί Παῦλος ὁ θεῖός φησι περί τῆς κτίσεως καί τοῦ ταύτης ἀνακαινισμοῦ· εἰπών τοίνυν· "Λογίζομαι ὅτι οὐκ ἄξια τά παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ πρός τήν μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι εἰς ἡμᾶς", ἐπήγαγεν· "Ἡ γάρ ἀποκαραδοκία τῆς κτίσεως τήν ἀποκάλυψιν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀπεκδέχεται". Ἀποκαραδοκίαν τήν προσδοκίαν, τήν σφοδράν ἐπιθυμίαν φησίν, ἀποκάλυψιν δέ τήν ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει φανέρωσιν· ἐν ταύτῃ γάρ διά τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ καί Θεοῦ παρουσίας φανερωθῆναι δεῖ τούς υἱούς τοῦ Θεοῦ καί φανῆναι τό κάλλος αὐτῶν καί αὐτούς ὅλους οἷοί εἰσι, καθώς γέγραπται· "Τότε λάμψουσιν οἱ δίκαιοι ὡς ὁ ἥλιος", οἱ τοῦ δικαίου Θεοῦ υἱοί δηλονότι. Ἵνα δέ μή ὑπολάβῃς ἑτέραν τινά κτίσιν τόν θεῖον λέγειν ἀπόστολον, ἐπιφέρων φησί· "Τῇ γάρ ματαιότητι ἡ κτίσις ὑπετάγη, οὐχ ἑκοῦσα, ἀλλά διά τόν ὑποτάξαντα, ἐπ᾿ ἐλπίδι".

Ὁρᾷς ὅπως οὐκ ἀπό σκοποῦ ἔφθην εἰπών ὅτι οὐκέτι δουλεῦσαι τῷ παραβάντι Ἀδάμ ἡ κτίσις ἐβούλετο, τοῦτον ἰδοῦσα ἐκπεπτωκότα τῆς θείας δόξης ὡς προσκεκρουκότα Θεῷ τῷ αὐτοῦ ποιητῇ; ∆ιά δή τοῦτο, πρό καταβολῆς κόσμου τήν ἐκ παλιγγενεσίας αὐτοῦ σωτηρίαν ὁ Θεός προορίσας, ὑπέταξεν αὐτῷ τήν κτίσιν, καταρασάμενος ταύτην ἵνα, φθαρτῷ γενομένῳ τῷ δι᾿ ὅν παρήχθη ἀνθρώπῳ, φθαρτή καί αὐτή γένηται, ὡς ἄν φθαρτήν αὐτῷ τήν τροφήν ἐτησίως παρέχῃ· ὁπόταν δέ ἀνακαινίσῃ τόν ἄνθρωπον καί ἄφθαρτον καί ἀθάνατον καί πνευματικόν αὐτόν ἀπεργάσηται, τηνικαῦτα καί αὐτήν ὅλην τήν κτίσιν, φημί, σύν αὐτῷ ἀλλιώσει καί ἀΐδιον ταύτην ἀποτελέσει· τοῦτο γάρ δι᾿ ὧν εἶπεν ἐδήλωσεν· (68) "Τῇ γάρ ματαιότητι, φησίν, ἡ κτίσις ὑπετάγη, οὐχ ἑκοῦσα, ἀλλά διά τόν ὑποτάξαντα, ἐπ᾿ ἐλπίδι". Οἷον, οὐκ ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτῆς, φησί, τῇ ἀνθρωπότητι ὑπετάγη, οὐχ ἑκοῦσα εἰς φθοράν μετήχθη καί φθαρτούς προφέρει καρπούς καί βλαστάνει ἀκάνθας ὁμοῦ καί τριβόλους, ἀλλά τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ πειθαρχοῦσα προστάξει τοῦ ἐπ᾿ἐλπίδι πάλιν ἀνακαινίσεως ταῦτα διορισαμένου. Τοῦτο δέ ποιῆσαι σαφέστερον βουληθείς ἔφη· "Καί γάρ καί αὐτή ἡ κτίσις ἐλευθερωθήσεται ἀπό τῆς δουλείας τῆς φθορᾶς εἰς τήν ἐλευθερίαν τῆς δόξης τῶν τέκνων τοῦ Θεοῦ".