that Christ was made manifest as a man; whereas you, separating the soul from heaven, claim that it has wandered and fallen from the vault of the heavens into a body; and would that it were only into a human one, and that it did not pass and fall into quadrupeds and reptiles. For our faith speaks of the presence of Christ for the salvation of men; but you err, because you discourse concerning an unbegotten soul. And we indeed hold the power and philanthropy of Providence, that this too was not impossible for God; but you, calling the soul an image of the mind, ascribe falls to it, and fable it to be changeable; and consequently you introduce the mind itself as changeable on account of the soul. For of whatever sort the image was, of such sort must that one also be, of which it is the image. But when you think such things about the mind, reflect that you are also blaspheming the Father of the mind Himself. And concerning the cross, what better could you say: to endure a cross when a plot is brought on by wicked men, and not to fear the death brought on in whatever way; or to tell myths of the wanderings of Osiris and Isis, and the plots of Typhon, and the flight of Cronus, and his devouring of children, and patricides? For these are your wise things. And how, while mocking the cross, do you not marvel at the resurrection? For those who said this also wrote that. Or why, when you mention the cross, are you silent about the dead who were raised, and the blind who received their sight, and the paralytics who were healed, and the lepers who were cleansed 26.949 and the walking on the sea, and the other signs and wonders, which show Christ to be no longer a man, but God? You seem to me to be altogether wronging yourselves, and not to have genuinely encountered our Scriptures. But you, encounter them, and see that the things which Christ has done prove Him to be God, who came for the salvation of men. But tell us also your own things. What could you say about the irrational, except irrationality and savagery? But if, as I hear, you wish to say that these things are spoken of mythically among you; and you allegorize the rape of Kore into the earth, and the lameness of Hephaestus into fire, and Hera into the air, and Apollo into the sun, and Artemis into the moon, and Poseidon into the sea; you are nonetheless not worshipping God Himself, but you serve creation rather than God who created all things. For if, because creation is beautiful, you have composed such things; still you ought only to have gone as far as to marvel, and not to deify the created things; so that you do not give the honor of the Creator to the created. Otherwise it is time for you to transfer the honor of the architect to the house built by him, or that of the general to the soldier. What then do you say to these things, so that we may know if the cross has anything worthy of mockery? But while they were at a loss, and turning this way and that, Antony, smiling, said again through an interpreter: These things are refuted by their very appearance; but since you rather rely on demonstrative arguments, and possessing this art, you wish us also not to worship God without proof through arguments; tell me first, how are matters, and especially the knowledge of God, 26.952 accurately discerned, through demonstration by arguments, or through the working of faith? and which is older, faith that works, or demonstration by arguments? And when they answered that faith that works is older, and that this is accurate knowledge; Antony said: You have spoken well; for faith comes from a disposition of the soul; but dialectic is from the art of those who compose them. Therefore, for those who possess the working of faith, demonstration by arguments is not necessary, or perhaps even superfluous. For that which we from
28
Χριστὸν ἄνθρωπον πεφανερῶσθαι· ὅπου γε ὑμεῖς, ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν χωρίζοντες, φάσκετε πεπλανῆσθαι αὐτὴν καὶ πεπτωκέναι ἀπὸ τῆς ἁψίδος τῶν οὐρανῶν εἰς σῶμα· καὶ εἴθε εἰς ἀνθρώπινον μό νον, καὶ μὴ εἰς τετράποδα καὶ ἑρπετὰ μεταβαίνειν καὶ μεταπίπτειν. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἡμετέρα πίστις ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν λέγει· ὑμεῖς δὲ πλανᾶσθε, ὅτι περὶ ἀγεννήτου ψυχῆς ἐξηγεῖσθε. Καὶ ἡμεῖς μὲν τὸ δυνατὸν καὶ φιλάνθρω πον τῆς Προνοίας φρονοῦμεν, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀδύ νατον ἦν τῷ Θεῷ· ὑμεῖς δὲ, εἰκόνα τοῦ νοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν λέγοντες, πτώματα προσάπτετε αὐτῇ, καὶ τρεπτὴν αὐτὴν μυθολογεῖτε· καὶ λοιπὸν καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν νοῦν διὰ τὴν ψυχὴν τρεπτὸν εἰσάγετε. Ὁποία γὰρ ἦν ἡ εἰκὼν, τοιοῦτον ἀνάγκη κἀκεῖνον εἶναι, οὗ ἐστιν ἡ εἰ κών. Ὅτ' ἂν δὲ περὶ τοῦ νοῦ τοιαῦτα νομίζετε, ἐν θυμεῖσθε, ὅτι καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Πατέρα τοῦ νοῦ βλασφημεῖτε. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ σταυροῦ τί βέλτιον ἂν εἴποιτε, ἐπιβουλῆς ἐπαγομένης παρὰ πονηρῶν ὑπομένειν σταυρὸν, καὶ μὴ πτήσσειν τὸν ὅπως δήποτε θάνατον ἐπαγόμενον· ἢ πλάνας Ὀσίριδος καὶ Ἴσιδος, καὶ ἐπιβουλὰς Τυφῶνος, καὶ Κρόνου φυγὴν, καὶ τέκνων καταπόσεις, καὶ πατροκτονίας μυθολογεῖν; Ταῦτα γὰρ ὑμῶν ἐστι τὰ σοφά. Πῶς δὲ, χλευάζοντες τὸν σταυρὸν, οὐ θαυμάζετε τὴν ἀνάστασιν; Οἱ γὰρ τοῦτο εἰπόντες κἀκεῖνο ἔγραψαν. Ἢ διὰ τί, μνημονεύοντες τοῦ σταυροῦ, σιωπᾶτε περὶ τῶν ἐγερθέντων νεκρῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀναβλεψάντων τυφλῶν, καὶ τῶν θεραπευ θέντων παραλυτικῶν, τῶν τε καθαρισθέντων λεπρῶν 26.949 καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν πεζοπορίας, τῶν τε ἄλλων σημείων καὶ τεραστίων, ἅπερ οὐκέτι ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ Θεὸν δείκνυσι τὸν Χριστόν; Πάνυ μοι δοκεῖτε ἀδικεῖν ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ μὴ γνησίως ἐντετυχηκέναι ταῖς Γραφαῖς ἡμῶν. Ἀλλ' ἐντυγχάνετε μὲν ὑμεῖς, καὶ βλέπετε, ὅτι ἃ πεποίηκεν ὁ Χριστὸς, Θεὸν αὐτὸν ἀποδεικνύουσιν, ἐπιδημήσαντα ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ τῶν ἀν θρώπων. Εἴπατε δὲ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἡμῖν τὰ ὑμέτερα. Τί δ' ἂν εἴποιτε περὶ τῶν ἀλόγων, ἢ ἀλογίαν καὶ ἀγριότητα; Ἐὰν δὲ, ὡς ἀκούω, θελήσητε λέγειν μυθικῶς λέγε σθαι ταῦτα παρ' ὑμῖν· καὶ ἀλληγορεῖτε ἁρπαγὴν Κόρης εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ Ἡφαίστου χωλότητα εἰς τὸ πῦρ, καὶ Ἥραν εἰς τὸν ἀέρα, καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα εἰς τὸν ἥλιον, καὶ Ἄρτεμιν μὲν εἰς τὴν σελήνην, τὸν δὲ Πο σειδῶνα εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· οὐδὲν ἧττον αὐτὸν οὐ Θεὸν σέβεσθε, ἀλλὰ τῇ κτίσει λατρεύετε παρὰ τὸν τὰ πάντα κτίσαντα Θεόν. Εἰ γὰρ, ὅτι καλὴ ἡ κτίσις, τοιαῦτα συνεθήκατε· ἀλλ' ἔδει μέχρι τοῦ θαυμάσαι μόνον ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι, καὶ μὴ θεοποιῆσαι τὰ ποιήματα· ἵνα μὴ τὴν τοῦ ∆ημιουργοῦ τιμὴν τοῖς γενητοῖς παρέχητε. Ἐπεὶ ὥρα ὑμᾶς καὶ τοῦ ἀρχιτέκτονος τὴν τιμὴν εἰς τὴν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γενομένην οἰκίαν μεταφέρειν, ἢ τὴν τοῦ στρατηγοῦ εἰς τὸν στρατιώτην. Τί τοίνυν πρὸς ταῦτα λέγετε, ἵνα γνῶμεν, εἰ ἄξιόν τι χλεύης ὁ σταυρὸς ἔχει; Ἐκείνων δὲ διαπορούντων, καὶ στρεφομένων ὧδε κἀκεῖσε, μειδιάσας ὁ Ἀντώνιος ἔφη πάλιν δι' ἑρμηνέως· Ταῦτα μὲν καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ὄψεως ἔχει τὸν ἔλεγχον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς τοῖς ἀπο δεικτικοῖς λόγοις ἐπερείδεσθε, καὶ ταύτην ἔχοντες τὴν τέχνην, βούλεσθε καὶ ἡμᾶς μὴ ἄνευ τῆς διὰ τῶν λόγων ἀποδείξεως θεοσεβεῖν· εἴπατε πρῶτον ὑμεῖς, τὰ πράγματα, καὶ μάλιστα ἡ περὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ γνῶσις, 26.952 πῶς ἀκριβῶς διαγινώσκεται, δι' ἀποδείξεως λόγων, ἢ δι' ἐνεργείας πίστεως; καὶ τί πρεσβύτερόν ἐστιν, ἡ δι' ἐνεργείας πίστις, ἢ ἡ διὰ λόγων ἀπόδειξις; Τῶν δὲ ἀποκριναμένων, πρεσβυτέραν εἶναι τὴν δι' ἐνερ γείας πίστιν, καὶ ταύτην εἶναι τὴν ἀκριβῆ γνῶσιν· ἔφη ὁ Ἀντώνιος· Καλῶς εἴπατε· ἡ μὲν γὰρ πίστις ἀπὸ διαθέσεως ψυχῆς γίνεται· ἡ δὲ διαλεκτικὴ ἀπὸ τέχνης τῶν συντιθέντων ἐστίν. Οὐκοῦν οἷς πάρεστιν ἡ διὰ πίστεως ἐνέργεια, τούτοις οὐκ ἀναγκαία, ἢ τάχα καὶ περιττὴ ἡ διὰ λόγων ἀπόδειξις. Καὶ γὰρ ὅπερ ἡμεῖς ἐκ
28