a comfort of the gods, images of stone, or bronze or gold-wrought or ivory figures; and allotting sacrifices to them and empty festivals, thus we think we are pious. This man has already, even at great risk, introduced the truth to the spectators on the stage. 7.74.3 But the Thracian hierophant and poet at once, Orpheus the son of Oeagrus, after the celebration of the orgies and the theology of the idols, introduces a recantation of the truth, singing the truly sacred word, though late at last, yet still singing: 7.74.4 I will speak to those for whom it is lawful; but put up the doors, all you profane alike. But you, listen, Musaeus, offspring of the light-bearing Moon, for I will proclaim what is true, and let not what has previously appeared in your breast deprive you of dear life. Looking to the divine word, attend to it, keeping straight the intellectual receptacle of your heart; tread well upon the path, and look only to the immortal king of the world. 7.74.5 Then, taking it up, he adds explicitly: He is one, self-begotten, and of one all things are born; and He Himself moves among them, and no mortal sees Him, but He Himself sees all. Thus Orpheus, at long last, understood that he had been in error. 7.74.6 But you, O mortal of many counsels, do not hesitate, delay, but turning away from error, propitiate God. 7.74.7 For if the Greeks, having received some sparks of the divine Word, have uttered some few things of the truth, they bear witness on the one hand that its power is not hidden, but they convict themselves of weakness, not reaching the end. 7.75.1 For I think it has now become clear to everyone that those who do or say anything without the word of truth are like those who try to walk without a foundation. And let the refutations concerning your gods bring you to shame for your salvation, which poets, compelled by the truth, 7.75.2 satirize. For instance, Menander the comic poet, in his play The Charioteer [in The Changeling], says: "No god walking about outside with an old woman pleases me, nor one entering houses on a little board, a priest of Cybele;" 7.75.3 for such are the priests of Cybele. Whence Antisthenes rightly said to them as they begged: "I do not support the 7.75.4 mother of the gods, whom the gods should support." Again, the same comedy writer, in his play The Priestess, being angry at the custom, attempts to refute the godless arrogance of error, wisely exclaiming: For if a man by cymbals draws the god to whatever he wishes, he who does this is greater than the god; but these are instruments of audacity and violence invented for men. 7.76.1 And not only Menander, but also Homer and Euripides and many other poets refute your gods, and have not feared to revile them even in the slightest. For example, they call Athena "dog-fly" and Hephaestus "the lame one," and to Aphrodite Helen says: "may you never return to Olympus on your own feet." 7.76.2 And of Dionysus Homer openly writes: "who once chased the nurses of maddened Dionysus down the sacred mount of Nysa; and they all at once threw their thyrsi on the ground, under the murderous Lycurgus." 7.76.3 Euripides, truly worthy of a Socratic discourse, looking to the truth and disregarding the spectators, at one time refuting Apollo, "who dwells in the central seats, dispensing a most clear oracle to mortals," 7.76.4 obeying him I killed my mother, consider him unholy and kill him; he sinned, not I, being more ignorant of the good and of justice, 7.76.5 and at another time introducing Heracles as mad and elsewhere as drunk and gluttonous; for why not? He who, feasting on meat, ate green figs besides, barking tunelessly so that even a barbarian could understand. 7.76.6 And now in the play Ion he exposes the gods to the theatre with uncovered head: How then is it just that you who wrote the laws for mortals should yourselves be convicted of injustice? But if—for it will not be, but I will use the argument—you should pay the penalty to men for forced marriages, you and Poseidon and Zeus, who rules heaven, paying for your temples
παραψυχὴν θεῶν ἀγάλματ' ἐκ λίθων, ἢ χαλκέων ἢ χρυσοτεύκτων ἢ ἐλεφαντίνων τύπους· θυσίας τε τούτοις καὶ κενὰς πανηγύρεις νέμοντες, οὕτως εὐσεβεῖν νομίζομεν. Οὑτοσὶ μὲν ἤδη καὶ παρακεκινδυνευμένως ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς 7.74.3 τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῖς θεαταῖς παρεισήγαγεν. Ὁ δὲ Θρᾴκιος ἱεροφάντης καὶ ποιητὴς ἅμα, ὁ τοῦ Οἰάγρου Ὀρφεύς, μετὰ τὴν τῶν ὀργίων ἱεροφαντίαν καὶ τῶν εἰδώλων τὴν θεολογίαν, παλινῳδίαν ἀληθείας εἰσάγει, τὸν ἱερὸν ὄντως ὀψέ ποτε, ὅμως δ' οὖν ᾄδων λόγον· 7.74.4 φθέγξομαι οἷς θέμις ἐστί· θύρας δ' ἐπίθεσθε βέβηλοι πάντες ὁμῶς· σὺ δ' ἄκουε, φαεσφόρου ἔκγονε Μήνης, Μουσαῖε, ἐξερέω γὰρ ἀληθέα, μηδέ σε τὰ πρὶν ἐν στήθεσσι φανέντα φίλης αἰῶνος ἀμέρσῃ. Εἰς δὲ λόγον θεῖον βλέψας τούτῳ προσέδρευε, ἰθύνων κραδίης νοερὸν κύτος· εὖ δ' ἐπίβαινε ἀτραπιτοῦ, μοῦνον δ' ἐσόρα κόσμοιο ἄνακτα ἀθάνατον. 7.74.5 Εἶτα ὑποβὰς διαρρήδην ἐπιφέρει· εἷς ἔστ', αὐτογενής, ἑνὸς ἔκγονα πάντα τέτυκται· ἐν δ' αὐτοῖς αὐτὸς περινίσσεται, οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν εἰσορᾷ θνητῶν, αὐτὸς δέ γε πάντας ὁρᾶται. Οὕτως μὲν δὴ Ὀρφεὺς χρόνῳ τέ ποτε συνῆκεν πεπλανημένος. 7.74.6 Ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ μέλλων, βροτὲ ποικιλόμητι, βράδυνε, ἀλλὰ παλίμπλαγκτος στρέψας θεὸν ἱλάσκοιο. 7.74.7 Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα ἐναύσματά τινα τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θείου λαβόντες Ἕλληνες ὀλίγα ἄττα τῆς ἀληθείας ἐφθέγξαντο, προσμαρτυροῦσι μὲν τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς οὐκ ἀποκεκρυμμένην, σφᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐλέγχουσιν ἀσθενεῖς, οὐκ ἐφικόμενοι τοῦ τέλους. 7.75.1 Ἤδη γὰρ οἶμαι παντί τῳ δῆλον γεγονέναι ὡς τῶν χωρὶς τοῦ λόγου τῆς ἀληθείας ἐνεργούντων τι ἢ καὶ φθεγγο μένων ὁμοίων ὄντων τοῖς χωρὶς βάσεως βαδίζειν βιαζο μένοις. ∆υσωπούντων δέ σε εἰς σωτηρίαν καὶ οἱ περὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῶν ἔλεγχοι, οὓς διὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐκβιαζόμενοι 7.75.2 κωμῳδοῦσι ποιηταί. Μένανδρος γοῦν ὁ κωμικὸς ἐν Ἡνιόχῳ [ἐν Ὑποβολιμαίῳ] τῷ δράματι οὐδείς μ' ἀρέσκει (φησὶ) περιπατῶν ἔξω θεὸς μετὰ γραός, οὐδ' εἰς οἰκίας παρεισιὼν ἐπὶ τοῦ σανιδίου 7.75.3 μητραγύρτης· τοιοῦτοι γὰρ οἱ μητραγύρται. Ὅθεν εἰκότως ὁ Ἀντισθένης ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς μεταιτοῦσιν· "οὐ τρέφω τὴν 7.75.4 μητέρα τῶν θεῶν, ἣν οἱ θεοὶ τρέφωσιν". Πάλιν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κωμῳδιοποιὸς ἐν Ἱερείᾳ τῷ δράματι χαλεπαίνων πρὸς τὴν συνήθειαν διελέγχειν πειρᾶται τὸν ἄθεον τῆς πλάνης τῦφον, ἐπιφθεγγόμενος ἐμφρόνως εἰ γὰρ ἕλκει τὸν θεὸν τοῖς κυμβάλοις ἄνθρωπος εἰς ὃ βούλεται, ὁ τοῦτο ποιῶν ἐστι μείζων τοῦ θεοῦ· ἀλλ' ἔστι τόλμης καὶ βίας ταῦτ' ὄργανα εὑρημέν' ἀνθρώποισιν. 7.76.1 Καὶ οὐχὶ μόνος ὁ Μένανδρος, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ὅμηρος καὶ Εὐριπίδης καὶ ἄλλοι συχνοὶ ποιηταὶ διελέγχουσιν ὑμῶν τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ λοιδορεῖσθαι οὐ δεδίασιν οὐδὲ καθ' ὁπόσον αὐτοῖς. Αὐτίκα τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν "κυνάμυιαν" καὶ τὸν Ἥφαιστον "ἀμφιγύην" καλοῦσιν, τῇ δὲ Ἀφροδίτῃ ἡ Ἑλένη φησὶ μηκέτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον. 7.76.2 Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ∆ιονύσου ἀναφανδὸν Ὅμηρος γράφει ὅς ποτε μαινομένοιο ∆ιωνύσοιο τιθήνας σεῦε κατ' ἠγάθεον Νυσήιον· αἳ δ' ἅμα πᾶσαι θύσθλα χαμαὶ κατέχευαν ὑπ' ἀνδροφόνοιο Λυκούργου. 7.76.3 Ἄξιος ὡς ἀληθῶς Σωκρατικῆς διατριβῆς ὁ Εὐριπίδης εἰς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀπιδὼν καὶ τοὺς θεατὰς ὑπεριδών, ποτὲ μὲν τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα, ὃς μεσομφάλους ἕδρας ναίει βροτοῖσι στόμα νέμων σαφέστατα, διελέγχων, 7.76.4 κείνῳ πειθόμενος τὴν τεκοῦσαν ἔκτανον, ἐκεῖνον ἡγεῖσθ' ἀνόσιον καὶ κτείνετε· ἐκεῖνος ἥμαρτ', οὐκ ἐγώ, ἀμαθέστερος ὢν τοῦ καλοῦ καὶ τῆς δίκης, 7.76.5 τοτὲ δ' ἐμμανῆ εἰσάγων Ἡρακλέα καὶ μεθύοντα ἀλλαχόθι καὶ ἄπληστον· πῶς γὰρ οὐχί; Ὃς ἑστιώμενος τοῖς κρέασι χλωρὰ σῦκ' ἐπήσθιεν ἄμουσ' ὑλακτῶν ὥστε βαρβάρῳ μαθεῖν. 7.76.6 Ἥδη δὲ ἐν Ἴωνι τῷ δράματι γυμνῇ τῇ κεφαλῇ ἐκκυκλεῖ τῷ θεάτρῳ τοὺς θεούς· πῶς οὖν δίκαιον τοὺς νόμους ὑμᾶς βροτοῖς γράψαντας αὐτοὺς ἀδικίας ὀφλισκάνειν; Εἰ δ', οὐ γὰρ ἔσται, τῷ λόγῳ δὲ χρήσομαι, δίκας βιαίων δώσετ' ἀνθρώποις γάμων, σὺ καὶ Ποσειδῶν Ζεὺς δ', ὃς οὐρανοῦ κρατεῖ, ναοὺς τίνοντες