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2.17.12 Now these things seem to have been said by the man who had listened to them as they expounded the sacred scriptures, and perhaps it is likely that the ancient writings which he says they have are the Gospels and the writings of the Apostles, and certain expositions, as is likely, interpretative of the ancient prophets, such as the Epistle to the Hebrews and several other epistles of Paul contain; that these 2.17.13 are they. Then again, in order, concerning their composing new psalms, he writes thus. “So that they not only contemplate, but they also compose songs and hymns to God in all kinds of meters and melodies, necessarily fashioning them with more solemn rhythms.” 2.17.14 Now he relates many other things besides about those of whom we speak, in the same work, but it seemed necessary to select those things by which he sets forth the character2.17.15 istics of the ecclesiastical way of life. But if anyone thinks that what has been said is not peculiar to the life according to the gospel, but can also be fitted to others besides those mentioned, let him be persuaded at least by his subsequent words, in which, if he be fair-minded, he will find undisputed testimony on this matter. For he writes thus: 2.17.16 “Laying down self-control in the soul as a kind of foundation, they build the other virtues upon it. None of them would take food or drink before sunset, since they judge philosophizing to be worthy of the light, but the necessities of the body worthy of darkness; whence to the one they have assigned the day, and to the others a small part of the night. 2.17.17 Some, in whom a greater desire for knowledge is implanted, even remember their food only after three days; and some so delight and revel in being feasted by wisdom, which furnishes her doctrines richly and lavishly, that they hold out for twice that time and scarcely taste necessary food after six days, having become accustomed to it.” These words of Philo we consider to be clear and indisputable concerning our people. 2.17.18 But if anyone, contradicting these things, should still be stubborn, let even this person be rid of his unbelief, being persuaded by clearer proofs, which it is possible to find among no others than in the religion of the Christians alone according to the gospel. 2.17.19 For he says that women also are with those of whom we speak, most of whom happen to be aged virgins, having preserved their purity not by necessity, as some of the priestesses among the Greeks, but rather by their own voluntary choice, through a zeal and longing for wisdom, with which being eager to live they have disregarded the pleasures of the body, desiring not mortal offspring, but immortal, which the God-loving soul alone is able to bear 2.17.20 from itself. Then, proceeding a little further, he sets these things forth more clearly: “And their interpretations of the sacred writings are made by means of underlying meanings in allegories. For the whole of the legislation seems to these men to be like a living being, and to have the literal commands as a body, and the unseen meaning hidden in the words as a soul, which this school in a special way has begun to contemplate, having seen, as through a mirror of the names, the extraordinary beauties of the thoughts made manifest.” 2.17.21 Why should one add to these things their meetings in the same place, and the separate occupations of the men and of the women in the same place, and the ascetic exercises customarily performed by us even now, which we are accustomed to carry out especially during the festival of the Saviour’s passion with fastings and vigils and attention to the divine words, 2.17.22 which very manner, which has been preserved by us alone even to this day, the aforesaid man, having noted it more accurately, committed to his own writing, recording the all-night vigils of the great festival and the ascetic practices in them, and the hymns that are customarily said by us, and how while one chants rhythmically in a decorous manner, the rest, listening in silence, join in singing the last parts of the hymns; and how on the aforesaid days they sleep on the ground on beds of straw and, as he has written in his own words, taste no wine at all, nor any meat, but water is their only drink, and their relish 2.17.23 with bread is salt and

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2.17.12 ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἔοικεν εἰρῆσθαι τῷ ἀνδρὶ τὰς ἱερὰς ἐξηγουμένων αὐτῶν ἐπακροασαμένῳ γραφάς, τάχα δ' εἰκός, ἄ φησιν ἀρχαίων παρ' αὐτοῖς εἶναι συγγράμματα, εὐαγγέλια καὶ τὰς τῶν ἀποστόλων γραφὰς διηγήσεις τέ τινας κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς τῶν πάλαι προφητῶν ἑρμηνευτικάς, ὁποίας ἥ τε πρὸς Ἑβραίους καὶ ἄλλαι πλείους τοῦ Παύλου περιέχουσιν ἐπιστολαί, ταῦτ' 2.17.13 εἶναι. εἶτα πάλιν ἑξῆς περὶ τοῦ νέους αὐτοὺς ποιεῖσθαι ψαλμοὺς οὕτως γράφει. «ὥστ' οὐ θεωροῦσι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ποιοῦσιν ᾄσματα καὶ ὕμνους εἰς τὸν θεὸν διὰ παντοίων μέτρων καὶ μελῶν ἀριθμοῖς σεμνοτέροις ἀναγκαίως χαράσσοντες». 2.17.14 πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος, ἐν ταὐτῷ διέξεισιν, ἐκεῖνα δ' ἀναγκαῖον ἐφάνη δεῖν ἀναλέξασθαι, δι' ὧν τὰ χαρακτη2.17.15 ριστικὰ τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς ἀγωγῆς ὑποτίθεται. εἰ δέ τῳ μὴ δοκεῖ τὰ εἰρημένα ἴδια εἶναι τῆς κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον πολιτείας, δύνασθαι δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις παρὰ τοὺς δεδηλωμένους ἁρμόττειν, πειθέσθω κἂν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑξῆς αὐτοῦ φωνῶν, ἐν αἷς ἀναμφήριστον, εἰ εὐγνωμονοίη, κομίσεται τὴν περὶ τοῦδε μαρτυρίαν. γράφει γὰρ ὧδε· 2.17.16 «ἐγκράτειαν δ' ὥσπερ τινὰ θεμέλιον προκαταβαλλόμενοι τῇ ψυχῇ, τὰς ἄλλας ἐποικοδομοῦσιν ἀρετάς. σιτίον ἢ ποτὸν οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτῶν προσενέγκαιτο πρὸ ἡλίου δύσεως, ἐπεὶ τὸ μὲν φιλοσοφεῖν ἄξιον φωτὸς κρίνουσιν εἶναι, σκότους δὲ τὰς τοῦ σώματος ἀνάγκας· ὅθεν τῷ μὲν ἡμέραν, ταῖς δὲ νυκτὸς βραχύ τι μέρος 2.17.17 ἔνειμαν. ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὑπομιμνῄσκονται τροφῆς, οἷς πλείων ὁ πόθος ἐπιστήμης ἐνίδρυται, τινὲς δὲ οὕτως ἐνευφραίνονται καὶ τρυφῶσιν ὑπὸ σοφίας ἑστιώμενοι πλουσίως καὶ ἀφθόνως τὰ δόγματα χορηγούσης, ὡς καὶ πρὸς διπλασίονα χρόνον ἀντέχειν καὶ μόγις δι' ἓξ ἡμερῶν ἀπογεύεσθαι τροφῆς ἀναγκαίας, ἐθισθέντες». ταύτας τοῦ Φίλωνος σαφεῖς καὶ ἀναντιρρήτους περὶ τῶν καθ' 2.17.18 ἡμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἡγούμεθα λέξεις. εἰ δ' ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀντιλέγων τις ἔτι σκληρύνοιτο, καὶ οὗτος ἀπαλλαττέσθω τῆς δυσπιστίας, ἐναργεστέραις πειθαρχῶν ἀποδείξεσιν, ἃς οὐ παρά τισιν ἢ μόνῃ τῇ Χριστιανῶν εὑρεῖν ἔνεστιν κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον θρῃσκείᾳ. 2.17.19 φησὶν γὰρ τοῖς περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος καὶ γυναῖκας συνεῖναι, ὧν αἱ πλεῖσται γηραλέαι παρθένοι τυγχάνουσιν, τὴν ἁγνείαν οὐκ ἀνάγκῃ, καθάπερ ἔνιαι τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησιν ἱερειῶν, φυλάξασαι μᾶλλον ἢ καθ' ἑκούσιον γνώμην, διὰ ζῆλον καὶ πόθον σοφίας, ᾗ συμβιοῦν σπουδάσασαι τῶν περὶ τὸ σῶμα ἡδονῶν ἠλόγησαν, οὐ θνητῶν ἐκγόνων, ἀλλ' ἀθανάτων ὀρεχθεῖσαι, ἃ μόνη τίκτειν 2.17.20 ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς οἷα τέ ἐστιν ἡ θεοφιλὴς ψυχή. εἶθ' ὑποκαταβάς, ἐμφαντικώτερον ἐκτίθεται ταῦτα· «αἱ δ' ἐξηγήσεις τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων γίνονται αὐτοῖς δι' ὑπονοιῶν ἐν ἀλληγορίαις. ἅπασα γὰρ ἡ νομοθεσία δοκεῖ τοῖς ἀνδράσι τούτοις ἐοικέναι ζῴῳ καὶ σῶμα μὲν ἔχειν τὰς ῥητὰς διατάξεις, ψυχὴν δὲ τὸν ἐναποκείμενον ταῖς λέξεσιν ἀόρατον νοῦν, ὃν ἤρξατο διαφερόντως ἡ οἰκία αὕτη θεωρεῖν, ὡς διὰ κατόπτρου τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐξαίσια κάλλη νοημάτων ἐμφαινόμενα κατιδοῦσα.» 2.17.21 τί δεῖ τούτοις ἐπιλέγειν τὰς ἐπὶ ταὐτὸν συνόδους καὶ τὰς ἰδίᾳ μὲν ἀνδρῶν, ἰδίᾳ δὲ γυναικῶν ἐν ταὐτῷ διατριβὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξ ἔθους ἔτι καὶ νῦν πρὸς ἡμῶν ἐπιτελουμένας ἀσκήσεις, ἃς διαφερόντως κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σωτηρίου πάθους ἑορτὴν ἐν ἀσιτίαις καὶ διανυκτερεύσεσιν προσοχαῖς τε τῶν θείων λόγων ἐκτελεῖν 2.17.22 εἰώθαμεν, ἅπερ ἐπ' ἀκριβέστερον αὐτὸν ὃν καὶ εἰς δεῦρο τετήρηται παρὰ μόνοις ἡμῖν τρόπον ἐπισημηνάμενος ὁ δηλωθεὶς ἀνὴρ τῇ ἰδίᾳ παρέδωκεν γραφῇ, τὰς τῆς μεγάλης ἑορτῆς παννυχίδας καὶ τὰς ἐν ταύταις ἀσκήσεις τούς τε λέγεσθαι εἰωθότας πρὸς ἡμῶν ὕμνους ἱστορῶν, καὶ ὡς ἑνὸς μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ κοσμίως ἐπιψάλλοντος οἱ λοιποὶ καθ' ἡσυχίαν ἀκροώμενοι τῶν ὕμνων τὰ ἀκροτελεύτια συνεξηχοῦσιν, ὅπως τε κατὰ τὰς δεδηλωμένας ἡμέρας ἐπὶ στιβάδων χαμευνοῦντες οἴνου μὲν τὸ παράπαν, ὡς αὐτοῖς ῥήμασιν ἀνέγραψεν, οὐδ' ἀπογεύονται, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τῶν ἐναίμων τινός, ὕδωρ δὲ μόνον αὐτοῖς ἐστι ποτόν, καὶ προσόψημα 2.17.23 μετ' ἄρτου ἅλες καὶ