De capta thessalonica 3 a work by eustathios of thessalonica on its hopefully later capture, which had been weakened by a narrative of cachexia during

 Bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught u

 Most people raised their eyes as to mountains, to the acropolis, where they eagerly awaited help would be for them. but what especially accuses the gr

 Having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest t

 David, who had lost his senses, whom i had previously blessed when he was in his right mind. and i thus also admired the emperor andronikos in other t

 Completely under age, not only unable to rule a very great empire by himself, but not even to be firmly disposed as boys are, of course, he had alread

 The protostrator alexios and john the eparch, and imprisonment held them and before that, things exceedingly dishonorable. but the boiling of anger on

 For should one measure things beyond measure?) a great disturbance of those of the palace, as much as was for god and the truth according to him, of

 But when the illusion proved false and the war was brought to an end in the late afternoon, having cast down many and filled the southern cemetery, th

 Thus men suffer for for the most part we multiply and magnify what we admire, as being unable to be precise because the soul is confounded by astound

 The present evils are fitting. and to recount the terrible things of that time, all that the latins saw, the fire which spread through their quarters,

 Kontostephanos, an energetic and sensible man, and countless others. but these things were unknown to the crowd and they did not know that he raged ag

 And he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. and after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them i

 To be shamed but if not even so he should yield, being stubborn, to try even violence, and they say it is better for that one to suffer what he does

 Moreover and not enduring it if, having just found an opportunity, he would not take wing, like some demonic figure, he himself tries to surpass in ev

 Having said what seemed best, he was quiet. and for the rest, so that i may not chatter on about worldly unpleasantness, a rush of evils takes place t

 Manuel, and he curses, that he would not come to a worthy state of living in peace, that those alone would be grandeurs when his father died. and he b

 The marchese was left to remain in peace, just as neither was the kral of hungary and any other powerful neighbor. and generally, wherever there was m

 A certain boy, who appeared to be of a similar complexion and age to the emperor alexios. and that child was, they say, a peasant boy from somewhere i

 He annihilated the rest. and his knights were so boastful in their nature that each would stand against three hundred men in war, not at all unlike co

 About to happen, inferring it from many signs. we, at least, anticipating the enemy's attack, sent away those who were children of constantinople with

 For the man was truly master of his hands but he provoked the victorious one to exhaust his desire to laugh at the emperor, and drove the matter to a

 Laws of city-takers, in which, on account of their unwieldiness from size, no effect shone forth, but those around the eastern parts, and they were es

 Not to meddle further, unless they should choose to suffer evils. though he was obliged to supply sufficient grain for the city, he neglected it to su

 Having completely withdrawn his skill, lets the ship be dashed against a reef and sink to the bottom with its cargo and men. so too a guard of a fruit

 Of those seated around to release even one stone from a sling, then also to suggest to the sandal-stitchers on the walls to reproach the latins rounda

 The besiegers because the latins had entirely turned to resisting against choumnos, he, having with difficulty opened the gates and having allowed, fo

 To rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. and one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civil

 Stripping and running down the streets, known to those who saw them, thus giving proof that they were formerly conspirators. and there is no way that

 He wished, and as a result the enemy host was more emboldened, and even more so especially when, after choumnos had joined battle, though it was possi

 Very strongly fortified. we spoke thus, and the speech flowed away at random, itself as well. and the small stone-throwers were vexing the city, casti

 To the enemies. and with the soldiers shouting in a common cry, komnenos, halt and dismount, he, as if snorting back a final mount up and as you

 But i think this was stranger than that, that when rain poured down from what the enemies were scattering, plowing, indeed, but not sowing the beautif

 In blood, i was led about on horseback through heaps of others, the greater part of whom lay strewn before the wall, so densely packed, that my little

 Of the storm. and if it were made useless for the trees, and especially the fig trees, whose unripe fruit was unlawfully served to the savage beasts f

 But this would be judged as bordering on fighting against god. for the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts

 They tore down when they arrived. and the ruler restrained the murders there, but there was no stopping the suffocation of those who fled into the chu

 By the command of the counts. and it was a sabbath, not having a flight, which one might evangelically pray to avert, but the destruction of so great

 Redness. it was therefore a task to recognize even one's dearest friend among them and each man would ask each other who on earth he might be, becaus

 Thus confounding good order and dissolving the sacred harmony. and i spoke reverently about this also to count alduin, if somehow order might be estab

 To crush the man, goading the horse to kick. thus did these men love us, frequently for every word and every deed putting forward as a justification f

 Of the longed for ones the executioners, or may they have pity. for something like this did indeed happen at times, as if a hungry and biting lion, th

 To relate moderate things out of countless ones but the events of the nights, not even they fail to rival these in contention. and for a time, with t

 They grieved those who kept treasure-houses by ransacking them for the sake of wealth, thus themselves implying that they understood hades as plouton.

 Through all of us and most provident. for it is reported to us that he ordered all-night vigils around the great churches, he jesting even then. for w

 They busied their swords upon them, and afterwards they left completely empty what it contained within, both things for healing and with which the suf

 They cast our people in, and declaring blessed not them but the disease, and now perhaps even death according to the people of gades, among whom hades

 Is fitting, but only by thanksgivings and glory to the most high, from whom and through whom are our affairs. what then prevents me from ceasing after

 Mercilessness towards those who offend in some small way, from which came the merciless thing that just now cast us down, a most just thing, since we,

to rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. And one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civilized and of our way of life and household management, but of banditry and savagery and ponderous ferocity. For they were truly unrestrained in their passion for their fatherland, men of great achievements, full of manliness, breathing might, fashioned for robustness, thirsting for battle, hungering for barbarian flesh, to say it all, battle-mad. Who so forgot all else as to become solely for warring and to choose the danger on the wall over the turmoil at home. 90 Therefore, not only men but also women were maddened for Ares. And as many as brought stones for the other machines and for the slingers, and as many as carried water, both those in their prime and young girls, and indeed also as many as old age already made to cease from their labors, bent over where we shall fall in the end, such women might seem to be doing nothing great, even if they were doing it, forcing their ability and toiling through the day. But as many as also adapted themselves for armor, fastening on rags and mats as if they were some kind of breastplates, and binding their heads with turbans in a coil, if somehow they might contrive to be soldiers, and being loaded up with stones to be well thrown from their hands, they got on the wall and just as they were they hurled at the enemy, but they themselves compose the Amazonian story and do not allow it to be disproven. And surpassing them, they outdo the women of old, whom we know to have aided their countrymen with the cuttings of their heads, weaving ropes from such hair out of necessity in war; for these women did not offer their hair, but their souls. Had Solomon seen them, he would have written them down together with his own manly woman, being at a loss regarding the inquiry he had proposed. And it was possible for those seeing both David and the Davidic men around him to say then (for they were, as many as thought the same as he, ill-minded, like the ravening flatterers; who, cawing praises for the things in which he was foolish, puffed him up into greatness) that our women became men, but the men who followed David became women. And what of it? Was the body of the city's laity so laboring, and beyond what it was by nature, while that of the remaining part imitated the general and became only for hearing and seeing? Not at all, nor did it have idle hands, but as if forgetting that it is never permissible for them to be men of blood, they changed their color, hiding the deep apostolic aspect, while letting the more worldly one come to the surface. And from them also came troubles for the enemy that were not ignoble; whence those, having learned this, were treated badly in the capture and by such men. Such intensity of battle did the people of the city maintain, neither being interrupted by day nor collapsing at night. For they fought all day, and all night they were on watch, keeping guard. And this harmed the city not least of all; for the same men, toiling unchanged the entire time of the siege, finally grew weary, exhausted in both sinews and souls. And the whole last night, after which the sun shone disastrously for us, the eastern wall did not have those willing to guard it, and not only because of the exhaustion 92 from weariness, but also because an anticipation had already arisen in everyone that the city would be captured on the morrow. And as this came to be a common notion, when all had at last recognized the thread of the inexorable Clotho concerning the general, and as the enemies themselves on the previous day were shouting with stentorian voice upon learning, I know not from where, of the harm against us for the next day; and it is said that it was from some betrayal, I do not know for sure if of another kind, but especially of a foreign one. And the Latin who said that from the tower of the Bourgesioi a signal was sent to those outside against the city and information about those within would not be disbelieved by us, judging from what we have ascertained; for some such tower guards, cursed young brothers from the Chounabitae, vipers born to this city, at the very hour of its capture were themselves devouring it and swords

τὸ ἐλέγχειν τὸν στρατηγὸν καὶ συμμετάγειν εἰς τὸ καλόν. Καὶ εἶπεν ἄν τις ἀνθρώπους τούτους, τοὺς ὑποστάντας παραμεῖναι τῇ πόλει, οὐκέτι πολιτικοὺς καὶ ἡμετέρου βίου καὶ οἰκοδεσποτίας, ἀλλὰ λῃστείας καὶ θηριωδίας καὶ ἐμβριθοῦς ἀγριότητος. Ἦσαν γὰρ ἀληθῶς θυμοῦ τοῦ ὑπὲρ πατρίδος ἀκρατεῖς, ἄνδρες κατορθωμάτων, ἀνδρίας γέμοντες, ἀλκὴν πνέοντες, πεπλασμένοι πρὸς ῥωμαλεότητα, διψῶντες μάχην, κατὰ βαρβαρικῶν σαρκῶν πεινῶντες, φάναι τὸ πᾶν, ἀρειμάνιοι. Οἳ οὕτως ἐξελάθοντο τῶν ἄλλων, ὡς μόνου γενέσθαι τοῦ πολεμεῖν καὶ τῆς κατ' οἶκον τύρβης ἀνθελέσθαι τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους κίνδυνον. 90 Οὐ τοίνυν ἄνδρες μόνοι ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκες πρὸς Ἄρην ἐμαίνοντο. Καὶ ὅσαι μὲν λίθους παρεφόρουν ταῖς τε ἄλλαις μηχαναῖς καὶ τοῖς σφενδονῶσι καὶ ὅσαι ὑδροφόρουν ἀκμάζουσαί τε καὶ νεάνιδες, καὶ μὴν καὶ ὅσας τὸ γῆρας ἤδη καταργεῖν ἐποίει τὰ ἔργα συγκεκυφυίας ἔνθα τὸ τέλος πεσούμεθα, αἱ τοιαῦται δόξαιεν ἂν οὐδέν τι μέγα ποιεῖν, εἰ καὶ ἐποίουν, τὸ δύνασθαι βιαζόμεναι καὶ δι' ἡμέρας πονούμεναι. Ὅσαι δὲ καὶ πρὸς ὁπλισμὸν ἐρρύθμιζον ἑαυτάς, ῥάκη καὶ ψιάθους ἐναπτόμεναι, ὡσεὶ καί τινας θώρακας, καὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς μίτραις εἰς ἕλιγμα διαλαμβάνουσαι, εἴ πως στρατιῶται εἶναι σοφίσονται, καὶ λίθους ἐπισαττόμεναι ἀγαθοὺς ἐκ χειρῶν ἀφίεσθαι, τοῦ τείχους ἐγίνοντο καὶ ὡς εἶχον ἔβαλλον τοὺς ἐχθρούς, ἀλλ' αὐταὶ τὴν Ἀμαζόνειον ἱστορίαν συγκροτοῦσι καὶ οὐκ ἀφιᾶσιν ἐκείνην ἐλέγχεσθαι. Καὶ τὰς παλαιὰς δὲ διακρούονται παρευδοκιμοῦσαι, ἃς οἴδαμεν κουραῖς κεφαλῶν ἐπικουρεῖν τοῖς πατριώταις, σχοινοπλοκοῦσι κατὰ πολέμου ἀναγκαίως ἐκ τοιούτων τριχῶν· οὐ γὰρ τρίχας αὗται, ἀλλὰ ψυχὰς προΐεντο. Ἰδὼν ἂν Σολομὼν αὐτὰς συγκατέγραψε τῇ παρ' αὐτῷ ἀνδρικῇ γυναικί, προσαπορήσας εἰς ἣν προυβάλετο ζήτησιν. Καὶ ἦν εἰπεῖν τότε τοὺς ὁρῶντας τόν τε ∆αυῒδ καὶ τοὺς ἀμφ' αὐτὸν δαυϊτικοὺς (ἦσαν γάρ, ὅσοι ἐς ταὐτὸν ἐκείνῳ ἐνόουν, κακὰ φρονοῦντες, ὁποῖα τὰ τῶν κοράκων κολάκων· οἵπερ ἐπαίνους κρώζοντες, ἐφ' οἷς ἐκεῖνος ἀφραίνων ἦν, ἐφύσων εἰς μεγαλειότητα) ὡς αἱ μὲν γυναῖκες ἡμῖν ἄνδρες ἐγένοντο, γυναῖκες δὲ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ δαυϊδίζοντες. Τί δέ; Τὸ μὲν λαϊκὸν σύστημα τῆς πόλεως οὕτω πονούμενον ἦν καὶ ὑπὲρ ὃ πεφύκει, τὸ δὲ τῆς λοιπῆς μερίδος ἐμιμεῖτο τὸν στρατηγὸν καὶ τοῦ ἀκούειν μόνου ἐγίνετο καὶ ὁρᾶν; Οὔκουν, οὐδ' αὐτὸ ἀεργοὺς εἶχε τὰς χεῖρας, ἀλλ' οἷον ἐκλαθόμενον ὡς οὐδέ ποτε αὐτοῖς ἔξεστιν ἀνδράσιν αἱμάτων εἶναι, μετεχρώζοντο, ἐπικρύπτοντες μὲν τὸ βαθὺ ἀποστολικόν, ἐπιπολάζοντες δὲ τὸ κοσμικώτερον. Καὶ ἦσαν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ὀχλήσεις τοῖς πολεμίοις οὐκ ἀγεννεῖς· ὅ ποθεν γνόντες ἐκεῖνοι, κακῶς ἐν τῇ ἁλώσει καὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις προσήγοντο. Τοιαύτην συντονίαν μάχης οἱ τῆς πόλεως ἥρμοττον, οὔθ' ἡμέρας διακοπτόμενοι οὔτε νυκτὸς ἀναπίπτοντες. Ἐμάχοντο μὲν γὰρ πανημέριοι, παννύχιοι δὲ ἦσαν ἐν ἐγρηγόρσει, φυλακὰς ἔχοντες. Ὃ καὶ ἔβλαψε τὴν πόλιν οὐχ ἥκιστα· οἱ γὰρ αὐτοί, ἀνεξάλλακτοι τὸν ὅλον καιρὸν τῆς πολιορκίας πονούμενοι, τέλος ἀπέκαμον, παρειμένοι καὶ τὰ νεῦρα καὶ τὰς ψυχάς. Καὶ τὴν τελευταίαν ὅλην νύκτα, μεθ' ἣν ἡμῖν ὁ ἥλιος δυστυχῶς ἔλαμψεν, οὐκ εἶχε τὸ ἑῷον τεῖχος τοὺς φυλάσσειν ἐθέλοντας, καὶ οὐ μόνον διὰ τὴν ἐκ καμάτου 92 πάρεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διότι πρόληψις ἤδη ἅπασιν ἐνεγένετο ἐς αὔριον τὴν πόλιν ἁλώσεσθαι. Καὶ ὡς οἷα καὶ εἰς κοινὴν ἦλθε τοῦτο ἔννοιαν, ὀψέ ποτε ἁπάντων ἐπεγνωκότων τὸν εἱρμὸν τῆς κατὰ τὸν στρατηγὸν ἀτρόπου Κλωθοῦς, καὶ αὐτῶν δὲ τῶν πολεμίων τὴν προηγουμένην ἡμέραν ἀναβοώντων στεντόρειον ἐν τῷ μαθεῖν, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅθεν, τὴν ἐς νέωτα καθ' ἡμῶν βλάβην· λέγεται δ' ὅτι ἐκ προδοσίας τινός, οὐκ οἶδα μὲν ἀκριβῶς εἰ καὶ ἄλλης, ἐθνικῆς δὲ καὶ μάλιστα. Καὶ ὁ μὲν εἰπὼν Λατῖνος ὡς ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ τοὺς Βουργεσίους πύργου θέλημα ἐπέμφθη τοῖς ἔξω κατὰ τῶν τῆς πόλεως καὶ καταμήνυμα τῶν ἐντὸς οὐκ ἂν ἀπιστοῖτο ἡμῖν, τεκμαιρομένοις ἐξ ὧν ἠκριβώμεθα· τοιοῦτοι γάρ τινες πυργοφύλακες ἐπίτριπτοι νεανίαι ἀδελφοὶ ἐκ Χουναβιτῶν, ἔχιδναι γεννηταὶ τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν τῆς ἁλώσεως ὥραν κατήσθιον αὐτὴν καὶ αὐτοὶ ξίφη