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of pounds, and double that of silver, not including drinking cups and vessels exceeding the limit of value, and of herds and arms and more than five hundred thousand most warlike men with their weapons he brought to the Romans, as Criton, who was present at the war, strongly affirmed. He contrived, himself yielding in no way to Trajan, to save for the Romans the northern region that had already become rebellious. And it is not at all surprising if everything went for him according to his prayers; for not only did he emulate Trajan in arms, but he also surpassed Augustus himself in his piety toward God and moderation of character, and Titus in his nobility, and Marcus in his wisdom. 29 As I have already said, he therefore promotes a prefect as supervisor of the Scythian forces, assigning to him three provinces, the wealthiest of all nearby: Kerastis, our Cyprus, which changed its name from Cypris being honored there according to the myth, and all of Caria with the Ionian islands; which until then were administered under the first of the offices, just like all the others, the emperor decided that they should be separated from it and be administered under the prefect of Scythia and he assigned a separate tribute for a tribunal and a whole staff, as if having kindled from the prefecture a certain spark from the craters in Lipara, having skillfully fashioned many good things for the commonwealth on a level basis. For he himself and alone relieved both the greatest and the second authority of no small labors, by dividing the cares of the administration among many magistrates; but also for them he made the offices manageable and he checked the rage of the meddlesome. And thinking it paltry if he did not also relieve the city prefecture of no small troubles, and in this imitating Titus, 128 he introduced the urban praetor among the magistrates, thinking it sufficient for the city prefect to handle the dissension that was stirring up everything among the people, and after them, or rather before them according to antiquity, as we said before, the so-called quaesitor, that is, the most august investigator of common crimes.

CONCERNING THE CONSTANTINIAN AND JUSTINIAN PRAETOR AND THE

MASTER OF THE CENSUS

30 Just as the monad is an archetypal form, and the number one is an example of the monad, so in the beginning our own blessed city was considered a copy of the Rome of that time, which had surpassed all pre-eminence. whence Constantine, nowhere before its consecration (and so the Romans call the deification) is shown calling it New Rome, but rather a fort, just like the others in the regions; and anyone can be convinced of the proofs of these things if he should read the Discourses of Constantine, which he himself wrote in his own tongue and left behind. Judging it, therefore, to be an image and reflection of a faint model in comparison to that one, he decided that two praetors would be sufficient on account of the moderate number of inhabitants and the smallness of affairs. Therefore, from the phalanx of praetors in Rome he appoints the tutelary and the fideicommissary, naming the one Constantinianus, and the other master of the census, as if a master of the original documents, because they call the registry of ancient documents 'census', and 'regesta' the records of current business; and he ordained that a 'scriba', that is, a secretary, should serve for that one, and for this one a 'censualis', that is, keepers of the archives. But as our 130 Rome, being beyond Nemesis, was revealing its prime power, the most excellent emperor saw that there was also a need for the introduction of the urban praetor. Therefore he promotes him, dignifying him with his own title, to deal at once with the offenses of the people, and at the same time prudently relieving the city prefecture of its immoderate cares. 132 BOOK 3 1 Since the law of history has been observed, I believe, and, as was promised before, the civil magistracies having been reviewed in the discourse, it occurred to me a certain special and solitary account concerning the greatest office, the first of the magistracies

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λιτρῶν, διπλασίας δὲ ἀργύρου, ἐκπωμάτων ἄνευ καὶ σκευῶν τιμῆς ὅρον ἐκβεβηκότων ἀγελῶν τε καὶ ὅπλων καὶ ἀνδρῶν μαχιμωτάτων ὑπὲρ πεντήκοντα μυριάδας σὺν τοῖς ὅπλοις Ῥωμαίοις εἰσήγαγεν, ὡς ὁ Κρίτων παρὼν τῷ πολέμῳ διϊσχυρίσατο συνεῖδεν, αὐτὸς κατὰ μηδὲν Τραϊανῷ παραχωρῶν, περισῶσαι Ῥωμαίοις ἤδη ποτὲ ἀφηνιάζουσαν τὴν βορείαν. καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐδὲν εἰ πάντα κατ' εὐχὰς προῆλθεν αὐτῷ· οὐδὲ γὰρ Τραϊανὸν τοῖς ὅπλοις ἐζήλωσε μόνον, ἀλλ' αὐτὸν Αὔγουστον τῇ περὶ θεὸν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ τρόπων μετριότητι, καὶ Τίτον τῇ καλοκἀγαθίᾳ, Μάρκον δὲ τῇ συνέσει παρώθησεν. 29 Ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών, προάγει τοίνυν ἔπαρχον ἐπόπτην τῶν Σκυθικῶν δυνάμεων, ἀφορίσας αὐτῷ ἐπαρχίας τρεῖς τὰς πασῶν ἐγγὺς εὐπορωτάτας· Κεραστίδα τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς Κύπρον, ἀπὸ Κύπριδος κατὰ τὸν μῦθον τιμηθείσης ἐν αὐτῇ μεταβαλοῦσαν τὴν προσηγορίαν Καρίαν τε ὅλην σὺν ταῖς Ἰωνίσι νήσοις· ἃς ἄρτι τελούσας ὑπὸ τὴν πρώτην τῶν ἀρχῶν, ὥσπερ τὰς ἄλλας ἁπάσας, συνεῖδεν ὁ βασιλεὺς χωρισθείσας αὐτῆς τελεῖν ὑπὸ τῷ Σκυθίας ἐπάρχῳ καὶ φόρον ἴδιον ἀπένειμε πρὸς δικαστήριον καὶ τάξιν ὅλην, ὡς εἰ σπινθῆρά τινα τῶν ἐν Λιπάρῃ κρατήρων ἀνάψας ἐκ τῆς ἐπαρχότητος, πολλὰ καθ' ὁμαλοῦ χρηστὰ τοῖς κοινοῖς τεχνησάμενος. τήν τε γὰρ μεγίστην καὶ δευτέραν ἐξουσίαν αὐτὸς καὶ μόνος οὐ μετρίων ἐκούφισε πόνων, διελὼν τὰς φροντίδας τῶν πραγμάτων ἄρχουσι πολλοῖς· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῖς εὐχειρίστους κατέστησε τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τοῖς φιλοπράγμοσι τὴν λύσσαν ἐμέτρησεν. γλίσχρον δὲ νομίσας εἰ μὴ καὶ τὴν πολιαρχίαν ἀπαλλάξῃ μοχθημάτων οὐ μικρῶν καὶ τοῦτο τὸν Τίτον 128 ἐκμιμούμενος, τὸν οὐρβανὸν πραίτωρα τοῖς ἄρχουσι παρεισήγαγεν, ἀρκεῖν οἰόμενος τῷ πολιάρχῳ τὴν πάντα σοβοῦσαν τῷ δήμῳ διχόνοιαν, καὶ μετ' αὐτοὺς μᾶλλον δὲ πρὸ αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀρχαιότητα, ὡς προέφαμεν τὸν λεγόμενον κυαισίτωρα, ἀντὶ τοῦ τῶν βιωτικῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἐρευνάδα σεμνότατον.

ΠΕΡῚ ΤΟΥ͂ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΑΝΟΥ͂ ΚΑῚ ἸΟΥΣΤΙΝΙΑΝΟΥ͂ ΠΡΑΊΤΩΡΟΣ ΚΑῚ ΤΟΥ͂

ΜΑΓΊΣΤΡΟΥ ΤΩ͂Ν ΚΉΝΣΩΝ

30 Ὥσπερ ἀρχέτυπον εἶδος ἡ μονάς, παράδειγμα δὲ μονάδος ἕν, οὕτως ἐν προοιμίοις ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς εὐδαίμων πόλις τῆς τότε πᾶσαν ὑπεροχὴν ἐκβεβηκυίας Ῥώμης ἐνομίσθη. ὅθεν ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος οὐδαμοῦ πρὸ τῆς ἐπ' αὐτῇ κωνσεκρατίωνος οὕτω δὲ τὴν ἀποθέωσιν Ῥωμαῖοι προσαγορεύουσιν Ῥώμην νέαν δείκνυται καλῶν, κάστρα δὲ καὶ αὐτὴν ἴσα ταῖς ἄλλαις τῶν χωρῶν· καὶ τούτων ἄν τις ἐπιστήσεται τοῖς ἐλέγχοις εἰ ταῖς ∆ιαλέξεσι Κωνσταντίνου, ἃς αὐτὸς οἰκείᾳ φωνῇ γράψας ἀπολέλοιπεν, ἐντεύξηται. εἰκόνα τοίνυν καὶ στοχασμὸν ἀμυδροῦ παραδείγματος εἶναι κρίνων αὐτὴν πρὸς ἐκείνην, δύο πραίτωρσιν ἀρκεσθῆναι συνεῖδε διὰ τὸ τῶν οἰκητόρων μέτριον καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων σμικρόν. ἐκ τῆς φάλαγγος οὖν τῶν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ πραιτώρων τὸν τουτηλάριον καὶ τὸν φιδεϊκομμισσάριον προχειρίζεται, τὸν μὲν Κωνσταντιανόν, τὸν δὲ μάγιστρον τοῦ κήνσου ἐπιφημίσας, οἷον εἰ ἄρχοντα τῶν ἀρχετύπων συμβολαίων, ὅτι κῆνσον μὲν τὴν ἀπογραφὴν τῶν ἀρχαίων, ῥέγεστα δὲ τῶν πραττομένων λέγουσιν· καὶ σκρίβαν μὲν ἐκείνῳ, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὑπογραφέα, κηνσουάλης δὲ τούτῳ, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀρχαιοφύλακας, ὑπηρετεῖσθαι διώρισεν. τῆς 130 δὲ ἡμετέρας Ῥώμης καὶ Νεμέσεως ἔξω καὶ τὴν πρώτην τῆς δυνάμεως ἀποκρυπτούσης, συνεῖδεν ὁ κράτιστος καὶ τῆς τοῦ οὐρβανοῦ πραίτωρος δεῖσθαι παρόδου. προάγει τοίνυν αὐτὸν τῇ οἰκείᾳ σεμνύνων προσηγορίᾳ ἅμα τῶν τοῦ δήμου παραπτωμάτων ἁψόμενον, ἅμα τὴν πολιαρχίαν φροντίδων ἀμετρίας ἐπικουφίσας ἐμφρόνως. 132 ΛΟΓΟΣ Γ 1 Τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἱστορίας, ὡς οἶμαι, τηρηθέντος καί, τὸ πρόσθεν ἐπηγγελμένον, τῶν πολιτικῶν ἀρχῶν διὰ τοῦ λόγου παρελθουσῶν, ἐπῆλθεν ἐμοὶ ἴδιόν τινα καὶ μονήρη λόγον περὶ τῆς μεγίστης τάξεως τῆς πρώτης τῶν ἀρχῶν